Abap object material
Hi,
I need ABAP Object oriented programming material.
if any one having pls send it to my mail id
[email protected]
Regards,
S.Nehru.
Hi,
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/abap%20objects/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20learn%20basic%20concept%20of%20object-oriented%20programming.doc
General Tutorial for OOPS
check all the below links
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
Check these links.
http://www.henrikfrank.dk/abapuk.html
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/abap%20objects/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20learn%20basic%20concept%20of%20object-oriented%20programming.doc
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20display%20data%20in%20alv%20grid%20using%20object%20oriented%20programming.doc
Go through the below links,
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
OO ABAP links:
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
go through these links
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/index.htm
http://sic.fh-lu.de/sic/bic.nsf/(vJobangebote)/EC8AD2AE0349CE92C12572200026FDB8/$File/Intern%20or%20Working%20Student%20as%20ABAB%20OO%20Developer.pdf?Open
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_0 Template for Solutions of ABAP Object Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_1 Model Solution 1: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_2 Model Solution 2: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_3 Model Solution 3: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_4 Model Solution 4: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_5 Model Solution 5: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS Complete Demonstration for ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_CONTROLS GUI Controls on Screen
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_EVENTS Demonstration of Events in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_GENERAL ABAP Objects Demonstration
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_INTERFACES Demonstration of Interfaces in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_METHODS Demonstration of Methods in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_SPLIT_SCREEN Splitter Control on Screen
check these also
check the below links lot of info and examples r there
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
Reward Points if found helpfull..
Cheers,
Chandra Sekhar.
Similar Messages
-
Hi,
Plz any one can send the materail for ABAP objects.hi,
ABAP OBJECTS :
check out this link
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
Please check this online document (starting page 1291).
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf
Also check this links as well.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.futureobjects.de/content/intro_oo_e.html
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/business-add-in-you-need-to-understand-abap-oo-interface-concept.htm
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/02/11/abap-oo-in-action
check the below links lot of info and examples r there
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
General Tutorial for OOPS
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/e8a1d690-0201-0010-b7ad-d9719a415907
Have a look at these links for OO ABAP.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
SDN Series: https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/developerareas/abap?rid=/webcontent/uuid/35eaef9c-0b01-0010-dd8b-e3b0f9ed7ccb [original link is broken]
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf
Basic concepts of OOPS
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/b6cae890-0201-0010-ef8b-f970a9c41d47
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/1591ec90-0201-0010-3ba8-cdcd500b17cf
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20display%20data%20in%20alv%20grid%20using%20object%20oriented%20programming.doc
http://www.henrikfrank.dk/abapuk.html
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
go thru these links .
http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
Check this for basic concepts of OOPS
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/b6cae890-0201-0010-ef8b-f970a9c41d47
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/1591ec90-0201-0010-3ba8-cdcd500b17cf
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20display%20data%20in%20alv%20grid%20using%20object%20oriented%20programming.doc
http://www.henrikfrank.dk/abapuk.html
Check this for OOPS ALV tutorial.
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/e8a1d690-0201-0010-b7ad-d9719a415907
Check these links
http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
Hve a look at below link and go to page 1291. It will give you good info abt OO ABAP.
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf
Please do check transaction ABAPDOCU to learn more about ABAP OO. There are lots of examples and explanations there. Also, do check sapgenie.com for more examples(under their ABAP OO link).
A very good option would be "ABAP Objects" written by Horst Keller.
This link gives all the OO ABAP definitions,syntax,examples:
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.mydatabus.com/visitor.php?pt=downloadFile&tc=bzccGknF&cl=0053&cn=000005&f=012907
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
OOPS ALV tutorial.
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/e8a1d690-0201-0010-b7ad-d9719a415907
http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
Sample programs:
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html#d_grid
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/alv/alvgrid_color.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/alvhome.htm
-->download the PDF from following link.
www.abap4.it/download/ALV.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCSRVALV/BCSRVALV.pdf
Some more:
http://www.sap-hefte.de/download/dateien/1025/087_leseprobe.pdf
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/e8a1d690-0201-0010-b7ad-d9719a415907
http://www.alvgmbh.de/dwnload/gonio_t.pdfhttp://
You can get all demo programs for ALV:
Go to se38 and type BCALV* and press F4 for all demo porgrams. -
using abap objects and alv There should be push button (Switch drill down button) at the top of the report. While pressing Switch drill down button it should display a popup window like
material
material gorup
plant
For example if a material group is selected, the report should be displayed with respect to material group.
For example if it is Plant, the report should be displayed with respect to Plant.
Standard Drill down should be first with respect to material it should be displayed after clicking it with respect to vendor it should be displayed after that w.r.t month.
There should be push button ( topno button) at the top of the report.
you have to choose a key figure field and press topno.if PO value is chosen and if you press topno and give value as 3,the top three po value should be displayed.
Totals for Po value, order quantity and GR quantity should be displayed..
please, can anybody send me the code for above criteria immediatly.Go through the Standard programs.. BCALV_GRID_*
BCALV_GRID_05 suits ur req.
Regards
Bhavani -
Hi guys,
can anybdy send me faq's on abap objects.... my id is [email protected]
thnaks in advanceHi
There are some nice tutorials and introductory articles and presentations in SDN.
If you do a media search on ABAP Objects you will find:
1)Eight Reasons Why Every ABAP Developer Should Give ABAP Objects a Second Look by Horst Keller
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/37c5db90-0201-0010-3a9b-d0a5288f3c15
2) Questions: Why use ABAP Objects
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/3e59b790-0201-0010-88aa-bc8a7f95f6fb
3) Why use ABAP Objects Exercise
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/3412d190-0201-0010-aaaa-ff5a315ae5fe
4) ABAP Objects for Java Developers:
https://media.sdn.sap.com/public/eclasses/teched04/ABAP151_files/Default.htm#nopreload=1
There is also an excellent class offered by SAP Education called BC401 that describes Objects and BADIs in exruciating detai ;-).
http://www8.sap.com/useducation/curriculum/course.asp?rid=276&cid=60167031
Check if the material is of help...
Regards
Dinesh -
FAQ's, intros and memorable discussions in the ABAP Objects Forum
Welcome to the SDN ABAP Objects Forum!
In addition to release dependent information avalaible by:
- pressing the F1 key on an ABAP statement,
- or searching for them in transaction ABAPDOCU,
- using the [SDN ABAP Development Forum Search|https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/directforumsearch?threadid=&q=&objid=c42&daterange=all&numresults=15&rankby=10001],
- the information accessible via the [SDN ABAP Main Wiki|https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/ABAP],
- the [SAP Service Marketplace|http://service.sap.com] and see [SAP Note 192194|https://service.sap.com/sap/support/notes/192194] for search tips,
- the 3 part [How to write guru ABAP code series|https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/f2dac69e-0e01-0010-e2b6-81c1e8e5ce50] ... (use the search to easily find the other 2 documents...)
... this "sticky post" lists some threads from the ABAP forums as:
- An introduction for new members / visitors on topics discussed in threads,
- An introduction to how the forums are used and the quality expected,
- A collection of some threads which provided usefull answers to questions which are frequently asked, and,
- A collection of some memorable threads if you feel like reading some ABAP related material.
The listed threads will be enhanced from time to time. Please feel welcome to post to [this thread|Suggestions thread for ABAP FAQ sticky; to suggest any additional inclusions.
Note: When asking a question in the forum, please also provide sufficient information such that the question can be answered usefully, do not repeat interview-type questions, and once closed please indicate which solution was usefull - to help others who search for it.
ABAP Objects
About polymorphism - still not sure after searching... => Polymorphism adaptation with referencing the source, and a Guest who did not...Obsolete ABAP Statements from 2004s - what about your existing code-base? A great discussion about the changes in syntax checking between 46c and basis release 7.0.
-
Parallel processing using ABAP objects
Hello friends,
I had posted in the performance tuning forum , regarding a performance issue problem , I am reposting it as it involves OO concept .
the link for the previous posting
Link: [Independent processing of elements inside internal table;
Here is the scenario,
I have a internal table with 10 records(indepentent) , and i need to process them .The processing of one record doesnt have any influence on the another . When we go for loop , the performance issue is that , the 10 th record has to wait until the 9 records get processed even though there is no dependency on the output.
Could some one tell a way out to improve the performance..
If i am not clear with the question , i would explain it still clearer...
A internal table has 5 numbers , say( 1,3,4,6,7)
we are trying to find square of each number ,,,
If it is a loop the finding of suare of 7 has to wait until 6 is getting completed and it is waste of time ...
This is related to parallel processing , I have refered to parallel processing documents,But I want to do this conceptually ..
I am not using conventional procedural paradigm but Object orientedness...I am having a method which is performing this action .What am I supposed to do in that regard.
Comradely ,
K.SibiHi,
As examplified by Edward, there is no RFC/asynchronous support for Methods of ABAP Objects as such. You would indeed need to "wrap" your method or ABAP Object in a Function Module, that you can then call with the addition "STARTING NEW TASK". Optionally, you can define a Method that will process the results of the Function Module that is executed asynchronously, as demonstrated as well in Edward's program.
You do need some additional code to avoid the situation where your program takes all the available resources on the Application Server. Theoretically, you cannot bring the server or system down, as there is a system profile parameter that determines the maximum number of asynchronous tasks that the system will allow. However, in a productive environment, it would be a good idea to limit the number of asynchronous tasks started from your program so that other programs can use some as well.
Function Group SPBT contains a set of Function Modules to manage parallel processing. In particular, FM SPBT_INITIALIZE will "initialize" a Server Group and return the maximum number of Parallel Tasks, as well as the number of free ones at the time of the initialization. The other FM of interest is SPBT_GET_CURR_RESOURCE_INFO, that can be called after the Server Group has been initialized, whenever you want to "fork" a new asynchronous task. This FM will give you the number of free tasks available for Parallel Processing at the time of calling the Function Module.
Below is a code snippet showing how these Function Modules could be used, so that your program always leaves a minimum of 2 tasks for Parallel Processing, that will be available for other programs in the system.
IF md_parallel IS NOT INITIAL.
IF md_parallel_init IS INITIAL.
*----- Server Group not initialized yet => Initialize it, and get the number of tasks available
CALL FUNCTION 'SPBT_INITIALIZE'
EXPORTING
GROUP_NAME = ' '
IMPORTING
max_pbt_wps = ld_max_tasks
free_pbt_wps = ld_free_tasks
EXCEPTIONS
invalid_group_name = 1
internal_error = 2
pbt_env_already_initialized = 3
currently_no_resources_avail = 4
no_pbt_resources_found = 5
cant_init_different_pbt_groups = 6
OTHERS = 7.
md_parallel_init = 'X'.
ELSE.
*----- Server Group initialized => check how many free tasks are available in the Server Group
for parallel processing
CALL FUNCTION 'SPBT_GET_CURR_RESOURCE_INFO'
IMPORTING
max_pbt_wps = ld_max_tasks
free_pbt_wps = ld_free_tasks
EXCEPTIONS
internal_error = 1
pbt_env_not_initialized_yet = 2
OTHERS = 3.
ENDIF.
IF ld_free_tasks GE 2.
*----- We have at leasr 2 remaining available tasks => reserve one
ld_taskid = ld_taskid + 1.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
You may also need to program a WAIT statement, to wait until all asynchronous tasks "forked" from your program have completed their processing. Otherwise, you might find yourself in the situation where your main program has finished its processing, but some of the asynchronous tasks that it started are still running. If you do not need to report on the results of these asynchronous tasks, then that is not an issue. But, if you need to report on the success/failure of the processing performed by the asynchronous tasks, you would most likely report incomplete results in your program.
In the example where you have 10 entries to process asynchronously in an internal table, if you do not WAIT until all asynchronous tasks have completed, your program might report success/failure for only 8 of the 10 entries, because your program has completed before the asynchronous tasks for entries 9 and 10 in your internal table.
Given the complexity of Parallel Processing, you would only consider it in a customer program for situations where you have many (ie, thousands, if not tens of thousands) records to process, that the processing for each record tends to take a long time (like creating a Sales Order or Material via BAPI calls), and that you have a limited time window to process all of these records.
Well, whatever your decision is, good luck. -
Hi
iam new to abap objects. can u please suggest me some links or material to read?
thanks in advance
chythanyaHi Chytanya,
Please check this link for step by step tutorials.
http://www.****************/Tutorials/OOPS/MainPage.htm
Please check this form
Need ABAP Objects Tutorial
Need ABAP Objects Tutorial
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
Download the pdf'ds from here, willbe helpful.
http://www.esnips.com/doc/6d16a298-9227-4d32-acf1-e91164c89daf/3-ABAP-Objects(P283)
Best regards,
raam -
Hi,
i learning abap objects and i wont to sample for using private and protected and public definitions .
until now i use Fm and for that i have function group
in top i declare all the global variables and i use it for all the fm in the group what is change.
RegardsHi,
refer to these links
abap oops material
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm -
HI
Can anyone give me the link for ABAP Objects and BADI'S.
I would like to have ABAP Objects with Example as well as BADIS.
Please tell me as iam new to those.
Thanks in advanceHi,
ABAP objects have an elaborated list plz mention specific objects u want to know.
These are few of the links which I got through the sdn.sap for the objects like ALV,LSMW,IDOCS, etc..
Start with this.Refer this
For BDC:
http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
call Transaction or session method ?
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
Reports
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/reports.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/material.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Check these step-by-step links
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/ccab6730-0501-0010-ee84-de050a6cc287
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/8fd773b3-0301-0010-eabe-82149bcc292e
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/3c5d9ae3-0501-0010-0090-bdfb2d458985
for Smartforms material
http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/sapsf001.htm
http://www.sap-press.com/downloads/h955_preview.pdf
http://www.ossincorp.com/Black_Box/Black_Box_2.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/sap-smart-forms.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartform-tutorial.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/smartforms.htm
How to trace smartform
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/49/c3d8a4a05b11d5b6ef006094192fe3/frameset.htm
http://www.help.sap.com/bp_presmartformsv1500/DOCU/OVIEW_EN.PDF
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smart-006.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartforms-faq-part-two.htm
Re: Need FAQ's
check most imp link
http://www.sapbrain.com/ARTICLES/TECHNICAL/SMARTFORMS/smartforms.html
step by step good ex link is....
http://smoschid.tripod.com/How_to_do_things_in_SAP/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS.html
SAPScripts
http://esnips.com/doc/1ff9f8e8-0a4c-42a7-8819-6e3ff9e7ab44/sapscripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/1e487f0c-8009-4ae1-9f9c-c07bd953dbfa/script-command.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/64d4eccb-e09b-48e1-9be9-e2818d73f074/faqss.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/cb7e39b4-3161-437f-bfc6-21e6a50e1b39/sscript.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/fced4d36-ba52-4df9-ab35-b3d194830bbf/symbols-in-scripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/b57e8989-ccf0-40d0-8992-8183be831030/sapscript-how-to-calculate-totals-and-subtotals.htm
SAP SCRIPT FIELDS
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/d1/8033ea454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
scripts easy material
http://www.allsaplinks.com/sap_script_made_easy.html
Debugging Document.
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/84/1f624f4505144199e3d570cf7a9225/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_bw30b/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
BAPI
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/9b/417f07ee2211d1ad14080009b0fb56/frameset.htm
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
Checkout !!
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6329-1051160.html#
http://www.sap-img.com/bapi.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/bapi-conventions.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/bapi/example.htm
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCMIDAPII/CABFAAPIINTRO.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/CABFABAPIREF/CABFABAPIPG.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCFESDE8/BCFESDE8.pdf
List of all BAPIs
http://www.planetsap.com/LIST_ALL_BAPIs.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiprg.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiactx.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapilst.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiexer.pdf
http://service.sap.com/ale
http://service.sap.com/bapi
http://www.geocities.com/mpioud/Abap_programs.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
Simple ALV report
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
http://wiki.ittoolbox.com/index.php/Code:Ultimate_ALV_table_toolbox
ALV
1. Please give me general info on ALV.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
2. How do I program double click in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11601
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=23010
3. How do I add subtotals (I have problem to add them)...
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20386
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=85191
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88401
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=17335
4. How to add list heading like top-of-page in ABAP lists?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58775
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=60550
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=16629
5. How to print page number / total number of pages X/XX in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=29597 (no direct solution)
6. ALV printing problems. The favourite is: The first page shows the number of records selected but I don't need this.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=64320
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=44477
7. How can I set the cell color in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=52107
8. How do I print a logo/graphics in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=81149
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=35498
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=5013
9. How do I create and use input-enabled fields in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=84933
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=69878
10. How can I use ALV for reports that are going to be run in background?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=83243
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=19224
11. How can I display an icon in ALV? (Common requirement is traffic light icon).
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=79424
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=24512
12. How can I display a checkbox in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88376
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=40968
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6919
Go thru these programs they may help u to try on some hands on
ALV Demo program
BCALV_DEMO_HTML
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO ALV Demo: Fullscreen Mode
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO_CLASSIC ALV demo: Fullscreen mode
BCALV_GRID_DEMO Simple ALV Control Call Demo Program
BCALV_TREE_DEMO Demo for ALV tree control
BCALV_TREE_SIMPLE_DEMO
BC_ALV_DEMO_HTML_D0100
Remote Function Call:
RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerably simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.
RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system.
RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/22/042860488911d189490000e829fbbd/frameset.htm.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Refer this
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=198
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=326
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/answers-to-some-abap-interview-questions.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
http://www.geekinterview.com/Interview-Questions/SAP-R-3/ABAP
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/documents/popular-q-and-a/abap-sample-interview-questions-3240
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/abap-interview-question.htm
http://www.allinterview.com/Interview-Questions/ABAP.html
links for OO ABAP.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
some more materials.
Go through the following Documents Links & Materials for ABAP Objects
check the below links lot of info and examples r there
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/sap.user72/blog/2005/05/10/a-small-tip-for-the-beginners-in-oo-abap
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/02/11/abap-oo-in-action
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2005/09/08/oo-abap-dynpro-programming
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/profile/2007/07/09/understandingABAPObjects&
Please visit the following links:
http://service.sap.com/erp
http://solutionbrowser.erp.sap.fmpmedia.com/ (Functional prespective)
http://service.sap.com/instguides --> mySAP Business Suite Applications --> mySAP ERP --> mySAP ERP 2005 --> Upgrade
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/LOVC/LOVC.pdf
For Functionality Differences pls refer to the below site -
http://solutionbrowser.erp.sap.fmpmedia.com/
FOR BADI'S:
Check this blogs 2 find a BADI:
How to find if we have a BADI in Transaction VB02
Re: BADI for screen enhancement in MM01 transaction
Re: BADI and User exits
How To Define a New BAdI Within the Enhancement Framework (Some Basics About the BAdI,BAdI Commands in ABAP,
When to Use a BAdI?)
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/03/how-to-define-a-new-badi-within-the-enhancement-framework--part-3-of-the-series
How to implement a BAdI And How to Use a Filter
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/18/how-to-implement-a-badi-and-how-to-use-a-filter--part-4-of-the-series-on-the-new-enhancement-framework
Introducing Business Add-Ins
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/f3202186-0601-0010-6591-b832b1a0d0de
How to implement BAdi in Enhancement Framework
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/d0456c54-0901-0010-f0b3-cd765fb99702
Business Add-Ins
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ee/a1d548892b11d295d60000e82de14a/frameset.htm
BAdI: Customer-Defined Functions in the Formula Builder
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/04/f3683c05ea4464e10000000a114084/content.htm
Difference Between BADI and User Exits
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-badi-and-user-exits.htm
To Use BADI - Business Add In you need to Understand ABAP OO Interface Concept
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/business-add-in-you-need-to-understand-abap-oo-interface-concept.htm
You can check the links for Step by Step Badi Implemntation
(very helpful self learning docs).
BADI Step by Step Implementation.
http://www.esnips.com/doc/e06e4171-29df-462f-b857-54fac19a9d8e/ppt-on-badis.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/10016c34-55a7-4b13-8f5f-bf720422d265/BADIs.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/43a58f51-5d92-4213-913a-de05e9faac0d/Business-Addin.doc
http://www.esnips.com/doc/1e10392e-64d8-4181-b2a5-5f04d8f87839/badi.doc
www.sapgenie.com/publications/saptips/022006%20-%20Zaidi%20BADI.pdf
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/enhance/enhance_badi.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/04/f3683c05ea4464e10000000a114084/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/e6/d54d3c596f0b26e10000000a11402f/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c2/eab541c5b63031e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/04/f3683c05ea4464e10000000a114084/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/e6/63ee7f486cc143a560799d8803ce29/content.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/srm/badi-general+information&
http://www.esnips.com/doc/e06e4171-29df-462f-b857-54fac19a9d8e/ppt-on-badis.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/10016c34-55a7-4b13-8f5f-bf720422d265/BADIs.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/43a58f51-5d92-4213-913a-de05e9faac0d/Business-Addin.doc
http://www.esnips.com/doc/1e10392e-64d8-4181-b2a5-5f04d8f87839/badi.doc
www.sapgenie.com/publications/saptips/022006%20-%20Zaidi%20BADI.pdf
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/enhance/enhance_badi.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/04/f3683c05ea4464e10000000a114084/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/e6/d54d3c596f0b26e10000000a11402f/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c2/eab541c5b63031e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
The specified item was not found.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/73/7e7941601b1d09e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
http://support.sas.com/rnd/papers/sugi30/SAP.ppt
http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/teaching/sap_r3/ABAP4/abapindx.htm
http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/skarkada/sap/
http://www.ct-software.com/reportpool_frame.htm
http://www.saphelp.com/SAP_Technical.htm
http://www.kabai.com/abaps/q.htm
http://www.guidancetech.com/people/holland/sap/abap/
http://www.planetsap.com/download_abap_programs.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c8/1975cc43b111d1896f0000e8322d00/content.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/badi.html
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/03/how-to-define-a-new-badi-within-the-enhancement-framework--part-3-of-the-serieshttps:///people/alwin.vandeput2/blog/2006/04/13/how-to-search-for-badis-trace-it
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/18/how-to-implement-a-badi-and-how-to-use-a-filter--part-4-of-the-series-on-the-new-enhancement-framework /people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/05/03/source-code-enhancements--part-5-of-the-series-on-the-new-enhancement-framework
http://www.esnips.com/doc/e06e4171-29df-462f-b857-54fac19a9d8e/ppt-on-badis.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/10016c34-55a7-4b13-8f5f-bf720422d265/BADIs.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/43a58f51-5d92-4213-913a-de05e9faac0d/Business-Addin.doc
http://www.esnips.com/doc/1e10392e-64d8-4181-b2a5-5f04d8f87839/badi.doc
http://www.esnips.com/doc/3b7bbc09-c095-45a0-9e89-91f2f86ee8e9/BADI-Introduction.ppt
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/40921dd7-d5cf-2910-1894-bb62316afbd1
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/73/7e7941601b1d09e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
http://support.sas.com/rnd/papers/sugi30/SAP.ppt
http://www.sts.tu-harburg.de/teaching/sap_r3/ABAP4/abapindx.htm
http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/skarkada/sap/
http://www.ct-software.com/reportpool_frame.htm
http://www.saphelp.com/SAP_Technical.htm
http://www.kabai.com/abaps/q.htm
http://www.guidancetech.com/people/holland/sap/abap/
http://www.planetsap.com/download_abap_programs.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c8/1975cc43b111d1896f0000e8322d00/content.htm
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/03/how-to-define-a-new-badi-within-the-enhancement-framework--part-3-of-the-series
/people/thomas.weiss/blog/2006/04/18/how-to-implement-a-badi-and-how-to-use-a-filter--part-4-of-the-series-on-the-new-enhancement-framework
http://esnips.com/doc/e06e4171-29df-462f-b857-54fac19a9d8e/ppt-on-badis.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/43a58f51-5d92-4213-913a-de05e9faac0d/Business-Addin.doc
http://esnips.com/doc/10016c34-55a7-4b13-8f5f-bf720422d265/BADIs.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/1e10392e-64d8-4181-b2a5-5f04d8f87839/badi.doc
http://esnips.com/doc/365d4c4d-9fcb-4189-85fd-866b7bf25257/customer-exits--badi.zip
http://esnips.com/doc/3b7bbc09-c095-45a0-9e89-91f2f86ee8e9/BADI-Introduction.ppt
http://help.sap.com//saphelp_470/helpdata/EN/eb/3e7cee940e11d295df0000e82de14a/frameset.htm
Difference Between BADI and User Exits
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-badi-and-user-exits.htm
Reward Points if found helpfull..
Cheers,
Chandra Sekhar. -
Hi ,
I am new to abap objects. I want to get some materials to learn. Can anyone give me some links or documents?
Thanks a lot.
Rewards will be provided.
Best Regards,
Chris GuABAP objects have an elaborated list plz mention specific objects u want to know.
These are few of the links which I got through the sdn.sap for the objects like ALV,LSMW,IDOCS, etc..
Start with this.Refer this
For BDC:
http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
call Transaction or session method ?
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
Reports
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/reports.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/material.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Check these step-by-step links
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/ccab6730-0501-0010-ee84-de050a6cc287
https://sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/8fd773b3-0301-0010-eabe-82149bcc292e
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/uuid/3c5d9ae3-0501-0010-0090-bdfb2d458985
for Smartforms material
http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/sapsf001.htm
http://www.sap-press.com/downloads/h955_preview.pdf
http://www.ossincorp.com/Black_Box/Black_Box_2.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/sap-smart-forms.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartform-tutorial.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/smartforms.htm
How to trace smartform
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/49/c3d8a4a05b11d5b6ef006094192fe3/frameset.htm
http://www.help.sap.com/bp_presmartformsv1500/DOCU/OVIEW_EN.PDF
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smart-006.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/smartforms/smartforms-faq-part-two.htm
Re: Need FAQ's
check most imp link
http://www.sapbrain.com/ARTICLES/TECHNICAL/SMARTFORMS/smartforms.html
step by step good ex link is....
http://smoschid.tripod.com/How_to_do_things_in_SAP/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS/How_To_Build_SMARTFORMS.html
SAPScripts
http://esnips.com/doc/1ff9f8e8-0a4c-42a7-8819-6e3ff9e7ab44/sapscripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/1e487f0c-8009-4ae1-9f9c-c07bd953dbfa/script-command.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/64d4eccb-e09b-48e1-9be9-e2818d73f074/faqss.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/cb7e39b4-3161-437f-bfc6-21e6a50e1b39/sscript.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/fced4d36-ba52-4df9-ab35-b3d194830bbf/symbols-in-scripts.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/b57e8989-ccf0-40d0-8992-8183be831030/sapscript-how-to-calculate-totals-and-subtotals.htm
SAP SCRIPT FIELDS
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005vp/helpdata/en/d1/8033ea454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
scripts easy material
http://www.allsaplinks.com/sap_script_made_easy.html
Debugging Document.
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/84/1f624f4505144199e3d570cf7a9225/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_bw30b/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
BAPI
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/9b/417f07ee2211d1ad14080009b0fb56/frameset.htm
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
Checkout !!
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci948835,00.html
http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6329-1051160.html#
http://www.sap-img.com/bapi.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/bapi-conventions.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/bapi/example.htm
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCMIDAPII/CABFAAPIINTRO.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/CABFABAPIREF/CABFABAPIPG.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCFESDE8/BCFESDE8.pdf
List of all BAPIs
http://www.planetsap.com/LIST_ALL_BAPIs.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiintro.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiprg.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiactx.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapilst.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/bapiexer.pdf
http://service.sap.com/ale
http://service.sap.com/bapi
http://www.geocities.com/mpioud/Abap_programs.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
Simple ALV report
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
http://wiki.ittoolbox.com/index.php/Code:Ultimate_ALV_table_toolbox
ALV
1. Please give me general info on ALV.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.
2. How do I program double click in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=11601
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=23010
3. How do I add subtotals (I have problem to add them)...
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20386
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=85191
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88401
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=17335
4. How to add list heading like top-of-page in ABAP lists?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58775
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=60550
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=16629
5. How to print page number / total number of pages X/XX in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=29597 (no direct solution)
6. ALV printing problems. The favourite is: The first page shows the number of records selected but I don't need this.
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=64320
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=44477
7. How can I set the cell color in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=52107
8. How do I print a logo/graphics in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=81149
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=35498
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=5013
9. How do I create and use input-enabled fields in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=84933
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=69878
10. How can I use ALV for reports that are going to be run in background?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=83243
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=19224
11. How can I display an icon in ALV? (Common requirement is traffic light icon).
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=79424
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=24512
12. How can I display a checkbox in ALV?
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=88376
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=40968
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6919
Go thru these programs they may help u to try on some hands on
ALV Demo program
BCALV_DEMO_HTML
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO ALV Demo: Fullscreen Mode
BCALV_FULLSCREEN_DEMO_CLASSIC ALV demo: Fullscreen mode
BCALV_GRID_DEMO Simple ALV Control Call Demo Program
BCALV_TREE_DEMO Demo for ALV tree control
BCALV_TREE_SIMPLE_DEMO
BC_ALV_DEMO_HTML_D0100
Remote Function Call:
RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerably simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.
RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system.
RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/22/042860488911d189490000e829fbbd/frameset.htm.
ALE/ IDOC
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
Refer this
http://www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_DATADICTIONARY_FAQ.html
http://www.****************/InterviewQ/interviewQ.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/35/2cd77bd7705394e10000009b387c12/frameset.htm
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=198
http://www.techinterviews.com/?p=326
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/answers-to-some-abap-interview-questions.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
http://www.geekinterview.com/Interview-Questions/SAP-R-3/ABAP
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/documents/popular-q-and-a/abap-sample-interview-questions-3240
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/abap-interview-question.htm
http://www.allinterview.com/Interview-Questions/ABAP.html
links for OO ABAP.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
some more materials.
Go through the following Documents Links & Materials for ABAP Objects
check the below links lot of info and examples r there
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/sap.user72/blog/2005/05/10/a-small-tip-for-the-beginners-in-oo-abap
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/02/11/abap-oo-in-action
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2005/09/08/oo-abap-dynpro-programming
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/profile/2007/07/09/understandingABAPObjects&
Please visit the following links:
http://service.sap.com/erp
http://solutionbrowser.erp.sap.fmpmedia.com/ (Functional prespective)
http://service.sap.com/instguides --> mySAP Business Suite Applications --> mySAP ERP --> mySAP ERP 2005 --> Upgrade
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/LOVC/LOVC.pdf
For Functionality Differences pls refer to the below site -
http://solutionbrowser.erp.sap.fmpmedia.com/
Reward if useful -
hi
can any one provide basic material for underatanding object oriented in abap...with many sample programs(preferably)....u can also provide me links....
thank you,
GinniMethods in ABAP Objects - Example
The following example shows how to declare, implement, and use methods in ABAP Objects.
Overview
This example uses three classes called C_TEAM, C_BIKER, and C_BICYCLE. A user (a program) can create objects of the class C_TEAM. On a selection screen, the class C_TEAM asks for the number of members of each team.
Each object in the class C_TEAM can create as many instances of the class C_BIKER as there are members in the team. Each instance of the class C_BIKER creates an instances of the class C_BICYCLE.
Each instance of the class C_TEAM can communicate with the program user through an interactive list. The program user can choose individual team members for actions. The instances of the class C_BIKER allow the program user to choose the action on a further selection screen.
Constraints
The ABAP statements used for list processing are not yet fully available in ABAP Objects. However, to produce a simple test output, you can use the following statements:
WRITE [AT] /<offset>(<length>) <f>
ULINE
SKIP
NEW-LINE
Note: The behavior of formatting and interactive list functions in their current state are not guaranteed. Incompatible changes could occur in a future release.
Declarations
This example is implemented using local classes, since selection screens belong to an ABAP program, and cannot be defined or called in global classes. Below are the definitions of the two selection screens and three classes:
Global Selection Screens
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF: SCREEN 100 TITLE TIT1, LINE.
PARAMETERS MEMBERS TYPE I DEFAULT 10.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF: LINE, SCREEN 100.
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 200 TITLE TIT2.
PARAMETERS: DRIVE RADIOBUTTON GROUP ACTN,
STOP RADIOBUTTON GROUP ACTN,
GEARUP RADIOBUTTON GROUP ACTN,
GEARDOWN RADIOBUTTON GROUP ACTN.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN 200.
Class Definitions
CLASS: C_BIKER DEFINITION DEFERRED,
C_BICYCLE DEFINITION DEFERRED.
CLASS C_TEAM DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
TYPES: BIKER_REF TYPE REF TO C_BIKER,
BIKER_REF_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF BIKER_REF
WITH DEFAULT KEY,
BEGIN OF STATUS_LINE_TYPE,
FLAG(1) TYPE C,
TEXT1(5) TYPE C,
ID TYPE I,
TEXT2(7) TYPE C,
TEXT3(6) TYPE C,
GEAR TYPE I,
TEXT4(7) TYPE C,
SPEED TYPE I,
END OF STATUS_LINE_TYPE.
CLASS-METHODS: CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
METHODS: CONSTRUCTOR,
CREATE_TEAM,
SELECTION,
EXECUTION.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA: TEAM_MEMBERS TYPE I,
COUNTER TYPE I.
DATA: ID TYPE I,
STATUS_LINE TYPE STATUS_LINE_TYPE,
STATUS_LIST TYPE SORTED TABLE OF STATUS_LINE_TYPE
WITH UNIQUE KEY ID,
BIKER_TAB TYPE BIKER_REF_TAB,
BIKER_SELECTION LIKE BIKER_TAB,
BIKER LIKE LINE OF BIKER_TAB.
METHODS: WRITE_LIST.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_BIKER DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: CONSTRUCTOR IMPORTING TEAM_ID TYPE I MEMBERS TYPE I,
SELECT_ACTION,
STATUS_LINE EXPORTING LINE
TYPE C_TEAM=>STATUS_LINE_TYPE.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA COUNTER TYPE I.
DATA: ID TYPE I,
BIKE TYPE REF TO C_BICYCLE,
GEAR_STATUS TYPE I VALUE 1,
SPEED_STATUS TYPE I VALUE 0.
METHODS BIKER_ACTION IMPORTING ACTION TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_BICYCLE DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: DRIVE EXPORTING VELOCITY TYPE I,
STOP EXPORTING VELOCITY TYPE I,
CHANGE_GEAR IMPORTING CHANGE TYPE I
RETURNING VALUE(GEAR) TYPE I
EXCEPTIONS GEAR_MIN GEAR_MAX.
PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA: SPEED TYPE I,
GEAR TYPE I VALUE 1.
CONSTANTS: MAX_GEAR TYPE I VALUE 18,
MIN_GEAR TYPE I VALUE 1.
ENDCLASS.
Note that none of the three classes has any public attributes. The states of the classes can only be changed by their methods. The class C_TEAM contains a static constructor CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR. C_TEAM and C_BIKER both contain instance constructors.
Implementations
The implementation parts of the classes contain the implementations of all of the methods declared in the corresponding declaration parts. The interfaces of the methods have already been defined in the declarations. In the implementations, the interface parameters behave like local data.
Methods of Class C_TEAM
The following methods are implemented in the section
CLASS C_TEAM IMPLEMENTATION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR
METHOD CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
TIT1 = 'Team members ?'.
CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 100 STARTING AT 5 3.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
ELSE.
TEAM_MEMBERS = MEMBERS.
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
The static constructor is executed before the class C_TEAM is used for the first time in a program. It calls the selection screen 100 and sets the static attribute TEAM_MEMBERS to the value entered by the program user. This attribute has the same value for all instances of the class C_TEAM.
CONSTRUCTOR
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.
ID = COUNTER.
ENDMETHOD.
The instance constructor is executed directly after each instance of the class C_TEAM is created. It is used to count the number of instance of C_TEAM in the static attribute COUNTER, and assigns the corresponding number to the instance attribute ID of each instance of the class.
CREATE_TEAM
METHOD CREATE_TEAM.
DO TEAM_MEMBERS TIMES.
CREATE OBJECT BIKER EXPORTING TEAM_ID = ID
MEMBERS = TEAM_MEMBERS.
APPEND BIKER TO BIKER_TAB.
CALL METHOD BIKER->STATUS_LINE IMPORTING LINE = STATUS_LINE.
APPEND STATUS_LINE TO STATUS_LIST.
ENDDO.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method CREATE_TEAM can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. It is used to create instances of the class C_BIKER, using the private reference variable BIKER in the class C_TEAM. You must pass both input parameters for the instance constructor of class C_BIKER in the CREATE OBJECT statement. The references to the newly-created instances are inserted into the private internal table BIKER_TAB. After the method has been executed, each line of the internal table contains a reference to an instance of the class C_BIKER. These references are only visible within the class C_TEAM. External users cannot address the objects of class C_BIKER.
CREATE_TEAM also calls the method STATUS_LINE for each newly-created object, and uses the work area STATUS_LINE to append its output parameter LINE to the private internal table STATUS_LIST.
SELECTION
METHOD SELECTION.
CLEAR BIKER_SELECTION.
DO.
READ LINE SY-INDEX.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0. EXIT. ENDIF.
IF SY-LISEL+0(1) = 'X'.
READ TABLE BIKER_TAB INTO BIKER INDEX SY-INDEX.
APPEND BIKER TO BIKER_SELECTION.
ENDIF.
ENDDO.
CALL METHOD WRITE_LIST.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method SELECTION can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. It selects all of the lines in the current list in which the checkbox in the first column is selected. For these lines, the system copies the corresponding reference variables from the table BIKER_TAB into an additional private internal table BIKER_SELECTION. SELECTION then calls the private method WRITE_LIST, which displays the list.
EXECUTION
METHOD EXECUTION.
CHECK NOT BIKER_SELECTION IS INITIAL.
LOOP AT BIKER_SELECTION INTO BIKER.
CALL METHOD BIKER->SELECT_ACTION.
CALL METHOD BIKER->STATUS_LINE IMPORTING LINE = STATUS_LINE.
MODIFY TABLE STATUS_LIST FROM STATUS_LINE.
ENDLOOP.
CALL METHOD WRITE_LIST.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method EXECUTION can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. The method calls the two methods SELECT_ACTION and STATUS_LINE for each instance of the class C_BIKER for which there is a reference in the table BIKER_SELECTION. The line of the table STATUS_LIST with the same key as the component ID in the work area STATUS_LINE is overwritten and displayed by the private method WRITE_LIST.
WRITE_LIST
METHOD WRITE_LIST.
SET TITLEBAR 'TIT'.
SY-LSIND = 0.
SKIP TO LINE 1.
POSITION 1.
LOOP AT STATUS_LIST INTO STATUS_LINE.
WRITE: / STATUS_LINE-FLAG AS CHECKBOX,
STATUS_LINE-TEXT1,
STATUS_LINE-ID,
STATUS_LINE-TEXT2,
STATUS_LINE-TEXT3,
STATUS_LINE-GEAR,
STATUS_LINE-TEXT4,
STATUS_LINE-SPEED.
ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.
The private instance method WRITE_LIST can only be called from the methods of the class C_TEAM. It is used to display the private internal table STATUS_LIST on the basic list (SY-LSIND = 0) of the program.
Methods of Class C_BIKER
The following methods are implemented in the section
CLASS C_BIKER IMPLEMENTATION.
ENDCLASS.
CONSTRUCTOR
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
COUNTER = COUNTER + 1.
ID = COUNTER - MEMBERS * ( TEAM_ID - 1).
CREATE OBJECT BIKE.
ENDMETHOD.
The instance constructor is executed directly after each instance of the class C_BIKER is created. It is used to count the number of instance of C_BIKER in the static attribute COUNTER, and assigns the corresponding number to the instance attribute ID of each instance of the class. The constructor has two input parameters - TEAM_ID and MEMBERS - which you must pass in the CREATE OBJECT statement when you create an instance of C_BIKER.
The instance constructor also creates an instance of the class C_BICYCLE for each new instance of the class C_BIKER. The reference in the private reference variable BIKE of each instance of C_BIKER points to a corresponding instance of the class C_BICYCLE. No external user can address these instances of the class C_BICYCLE.
SELECT_ACTION
METHOD SELECT_ACTION.
DATA ACTIVITY TYPE I.
TIT2 = 'Select action for BIKE'.
TIT2+24(3) = ID.
CALL SELECTION-SCREEN 200 STARTING AT 5 15.
CHECK NOT SY-SUBRC GT 0.
IF GEARUP = 'X' OR GEARDOWN = 'X'.
IF GEARUP = 'X'.
ACTIVITY = 1.
ELSEIF GEARDOWN = 'X'.
ACTIVITY = -1.
ENDIF.
ELSEIF DRIVE = 'X'.
ACTIVITY = 2.
ELSEIF STOP = 'X'.
ACTIVITY = 3.
ENDIF.
CALL METHOD BIKER_ACTION( ACTIVITY).
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method SELECT_ACTION can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. The method calls the selection screen 200 and analyzes the user input. After this, it calls the private method BIKER_ACTION of the same class. The method call uses the shortened form to pass the actual parameter ACTIVITY to the formal parameter ACTION.
BIKER_ACTION
METHOD BIKER_ACTION.
CASE ACTION.
WHEN -1 OR 1.
CALL METHOD BIKE->CHANGE_GEAR
EXPORTING CHANGE = ACTION
RECEIVING GEAR = GEAR_STATUS
EXCEPTIONS GEAR_MAX = 1
GEAR_MIN = 2.
CASE SY-SUBRC.
WHEN 1.
MESSAGE I315(AT) WITH 'BIKE' ID
' is already at maximal gear!'.
WHEN 2.
MESSAGE I315(AT) WITH 'BIKE' ID
' is already at minimal gear!'.
ENDCASE.
WHEN 2.
CALL METHOD BIKE->DRIVE IMPORTING VELOCITY = SPEED_STATUS.
WHEN 3.
CALL METHOD BIKE->STOP IMPORTING VELOCITY = SPEED_STATUS.
ENDCASE.
ENDMETHOD.
The private instance method BIKER_ACTION can only be called from the methods of the class C_BIKER. The method calls other methods in the instance of the class C_BICYCLE to which the reference in the reference variable BIKE is pointing, depending on the value in the input parameter ACTION.
STATUS_LINE
METHOD STATUS_LINE.
LINE-FLAG = SPACE.
LINE-TEXT1 = 'Biker'.
LINE-ID = ID.
LINE-TEXT2 = 'Status:'.
LINE-TEXT3 = 'Gear = '.
LINE-GEAR = GEAR_STATUS.
LINE-TEXT4 = 'Speed = '.
LINE-SPEED = SPEED_STATUS.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method STATUS_LINE can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. It fills the structured output parameter LINE with the current attribute values of the corresponding instance.
Methods of Class C_BICYCLE
The following methods are implemented in the section
CLASS C_BICYCLE IMPLEMENTATION.
ENDCLASS.
DRIVE
METHOD DRIVE.
SPEED = SPEED + GEAR * 10.
VELOCITY = SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method DRIVE can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. The method changes the value of the private attribute SPEED and passes it to the caller using the output parameter VELOCITY.
STOP
METHOD STOP.
SPEED = 0.
VELOCITY = SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method STOP can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. The method changes the value of the private attribute SPEED and passes it to the caller using the output parameter VELOCITY.
CHANGE_GEAR
METHOD CHANGE_GEAR.
GEAR = ME->GEAR.
GEAR = GEAR + CHANGE.
IF GEAR GT MAX_GEAR.
GEAR = MAX_GEAR.
RAISE GEAR_MAX.
ELSEIF GEAR LT MIN_GEAR.
GEAR = MIN_GEAR.
RAISE GEAR_MIN.
ENDIF.
ME->GEAR = GEAR.
ENDMETHOD.
The public instance method CHANGE_GEAR can be called by any user of the class containing a reference variable with a reference to an instance of the class. The method changes the value of the private attribute GEAR. Since the formal parameter with the same name obscures the attribute in the method, the attribute has to be addressed using the self-reference ME->GEAR.
Using the Classes in a Program
The following program shows how the above classes can be used in a program. The declarations of the selection screens and local classes, and the implementations of the methods must also be a part of the program.
REPORT OO_METHODS_DEMO NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
Declarations and Implementations
Global Program Data
TYPES TEAM TYPE REF TO C_TEAM.
DATA: TEAM_BLUE TYPE TEAM,
TEAM_GREEN TYPE TEAM,
TEAM_RED TYPE TEAM.
DATA COLOR(5).
Program events
START-OF-SELECTION.
CREATE OBJECT: TEAM_BLUE,
TEAM_GREEN,
TEAM_RED.
CALL METHOD: TEAM_BLUE->CREATE_TEAM,
TEAM_GREEN->CREATE_TEAM,
TEAM_RED->CREATE_TEAM.
SET PF-STATUS 'TEAMLIST'.
WRITE ' Select a team! ' COLOR = 2.
AT USER-COMMAND.
CASE SY-UCOMM.
WHEN 'TEAM_BLUE'.
COLOR = 'BLUE '.
FORMAT COLOR = 1 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_BLUE->SELECTION.
WHEN 'TEAM_GREEN'.
COLOR = 'GREEN'.
FORMAT COLOR = 5 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_GREEN->SELECTION.
WHEN 'TEAM_RED'.
COLOR = 'RED '.
FORMAT COLOR = 6 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_RED->SELECTION.
WHEN 'EXECUTION'.
CASE COLOR.
WHEN 'BLUE '.
FORMAT COLOR = 1 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_BLUE->SELECTION.
CALL METHOD TEAM_BLUE->EXECUTION.
WHEN 'GREEN'.
FORMAT COLOR = 5 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_GREEN->SELECTION.
CALL METHOD TEAM_GREEN->EXECUTION.
WHEN 'RED '.
FORMAT COLOR = 6 INTENSIFIED ON INVERSE ON.
CALL METHOD TEAM_RED->SELECTION.
CALL METHOD TEAM_RED->EXECUTION.
ENDCASE.
ENDCASE.
The program contains three class reference variables that refer to the class C_TEAM. It creates three objects from the class, to which the references in the reference variables then point. In each object, it calls the method CREATE_TEAM. The method CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR of class C_TEAM is executed before the first of the objects is created. The status TEAMLIST for the basic list allows the user to choose one of four functions:
When the user chooses a function, the event AT USER-COMMAND is triggered and public methods are called in one of the three instances of C_TEAM, depending on the users choice. The user can change the state of an object by selecting the corresponding line in the status list. -
Documentation on ABAP Objects with examples & programs (using se24)
Hi Guru's,
I'm new to abap objects. i need to learn this. where can i get material for this with ex. programs (using se24) also.Hi,
Check this link-
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
SE24-
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/Helpdata/EN/ca/c035baa6c611d1b4790000e8a52bed/frameset.htm -
HI FRIENDS,
CAN ANYONE SEND ME THE ABAP-HR MATERIAL .
THAXS AND REGARDS.
HITESHMaybe this link can be helpfull
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/hr/hr_infotypes2.htm
Have a look at http://www.sap-img.com/human/how-to-create-a-hr-infotype.htm, but have also a look at this thread
https://www.sdn.sap.com/sdn/collaboration.sdn?contenttype=url&content=https%3A//forums.sdn.sap.com/thread.jspa%3FthreadID%3D9945%26messageID%3D63016
found this link probably can be helpful to someone
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46b/helpdata/en/f7/2fe034ee251f34e10000009b38f83b/frameset.htm
http://sap.ittoolbox.com/groups/technical-functional/sap-hr/how-to-create-z-infotype-in-organizational-management-745603
How to create a HR infotype?
1) Go to Transaction PM01.
2) Enter the custom Infotype number which you want to create (Should be a 4 digit number, start with 9).
3) Select the Employee Infotype radio button.
4) Select the PS Structure Infotype.
5) Click on Create A separate table maintenance window appears
6) Create a PS structure with all the fields you want on the Infotype
7) Save and Activate the PS structure
8) Go back to the initial screen of PM01.
9) Click on All push button. It takes a few moments.
10) Click on Technical Characteristics. Infotype list screen appears
11) Click on Change(pencil) button
12) Select your Infotype and click on Detail (magnifying glass) button
13) Give T591A as subtype table
14) Give T591S as subtype txt tab
15) Give your subtype field as subtype field
16) Save and come back to PM01 initial screen
17) Click on Infotype Characteristics Infotype list screen appears
18) Click on Change (pencil) button
19) Click on New Entries
20) Enter your Infotype number and short text
21) Here we have to set different Infotype Characteristics as per the requirement. (Better open another session with some standard Infotypes infotype characteristics screen and use as the reference to fill yours)
22) Save your entries.
23) Now the Infotype is created and ready to use.
24) If you want to change the layout of the Infotype as per your requirement
25) In the PM01 initial screen Select Screen radio button and give 2000 as the screen name, then click on edit.
26) In the next screen.. Select Layout Editor and click Change.
27) Screen default layout appears here you can design/modify the screen..change the attributes of the fields..etc.
28) Save and activate. (Dont forget to Activate at every level)
InfoSets in the HR Application
You can use SAP Query in HR to report on HR data. Queries are maintained as described in Creating Queries. The special features of queries created for HR are described in Maintaining Queries in the Human Resources Application. The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the described procedure inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes.
InfoSet management in SAP Query is also used for InfoSet Query. For further information, see Functions for Managing InfoSets.
If you want to create InfoSets for HR, you can use logical databases PNP, PAP, and PCH (see HR Logical Databases). The database you must use to create your InfoSet depends on the component in which the data you want to report on is stored.
The reports you can execute using InfoSets based on logical databases PNP or PCH are similar, but differ in that they can select different objects. The following table describes the connection between the logical database, and the infotypes you can include in an InfoSet. It also provides you with one or two examples of reports that you can execute using the appropriate InfoSets.
Logical database PNP PCH PAP
Selection of Persons Objects from Personnel Planning Applicants
Infotypes that can be included in the InfoSet Infotypes for
Personnel Administration (0000-0999)
Time Management (2000-2999)
Payroll infotypes
Infotypes for Personnel Planning objects that can be related to persons If the object type is specified:
Infotypes for the object type
Infotypes for objects that can be related to the specified object type
If the object type is not specified:
All infotypes Infotypes for Recruitment (4000-4999)
Some infotypes for Personnel Administration (such as 0001 and 0002)
Customer infotypes
Reporting examples Selection of all persons who participated in a specific business event, output of prices for reserved business events
Selection of all persons assigned to a specific personnel area, output of qualifications held by these persons Selection of all business events held in London in March, output of all persons who participated in these business events
Selection of all positions assigned to a specific organizational unit, output of all persons assigned to the positions Selection of all applicants hired last year to work on special projects, output of addresses for the applicants selected
Creating InfoSets
The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the procedure described so far in this section inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes. To set up an InfoSet for the HR application, proceed as follows:
1. On the initial screen for maintaining InfoSets, enter a name for the InfoSet and choose Create.
2. On the next screen, enter a name for the InfoSet and select one of the HR logical databases in accordance with your reporting requirements.
Customer infotypes can be created on all HR logical databases. In each individual case, therefore, you must decide which database to select so that you can report on customer infotypes.
This screen enables you to enter an authorization group. All of the queries that are subsequently created using this InfoSet can only be executed by persons who have this authorization group.
3. Choose .
This takes you to the Infotype Selection for InfoSet .
The logical HR database uses the table APPLICANT. You must declare it in the TABLES statement.
At the GET APPLICANT event, the APPLICANT structure contains the data for an applicant number chosen on the basis of selection screen entries.
The APPLICANT-APLNO field contains the applicant number which is selected for processing.
Only the APPLICANT-APLNO field should be read from the work area of the APPLICANT table. The other fields are intended for internal use only.
2.7 Authorization Checks in Reporting (PA-APP)
Generally, authorization checks in reporting do not differ from those in the transactions. Since data access in reporting is always of the read type, the system checks for a read authorization; the authorization group must be R or *.
In some situations, you may want to use a simplified authorization check when running reports. The object RPABAP is required for the check as well as the object RPORGIN; if these authorizations are available, a simpler and faster check is performed.
If the report cannot read certain applicant data due to lack of authorization, data for these persons is not processed at the GET APPLICANT time point. A note appears at the end of the list stating the number of applicants who were skipped due to lack of authorization.
2.8 Views
Introduction
When evaluating data, we distinguish between the logical and the physical view.
The physical view corresponds to the form in which the infotype data is stored in the HR tables. This data is stored in infotype records with a validity period.
In the logical view, the validity periods of individual fields are determined for several infotype records. For example, for an evaluation, the time period during which an employee worked at a particular job may be important, irrespective of whether a company code, personnel area or cost center change occurred during this time.
Data from several infotypes can also be provided for a specific partial period. When calculating partial payroll periods, it is especially important that data on basic pay, work schedule and cost distribution are provided for the relevant partial period.
These two types of logical views are implemented in the projection and join.
 Join
 Projection
 Join and Projection
 Time-Dependent Control Tables
 Generalization of the View
Join
A join processes records from two or more infotypes. The data from these infotypes is provided for a specific partial period.
 We would like to know in which time period an employee worked at which job and at which address he or she resided during this time.
The following address data is available:
January June Hamburg
June December Munich
The following work center data is available:
January April Programmer
May December Course instructor
If the address and work center data are provided for specific partial periods, the following cases result:
January April Hamburg / programmer
May June Hamburg / course instructor
July December Munich / Course instructor
The ABAP syntax of this join is as follows:
PROVIDE * FROM Pomp
FROM Pnnnn
BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.
The partial periods for infotypes Pomp and Pnnnn as well as for all other infotypes of the join are defined in the fields BEGDA and ENDDA.
The data of each infotype in the join must be available during the entire validity period of the infotype. The time periods of infotype records may not overlap; therefore, the join may not contain infotypes with time constraint "three".
The time periods of records overlap if an infotype is read without any subtype restrictions. For example, the Address infotype has the subtypes Permanent residence, Temporary residence and Home address.
Time periods will ultimately overlap if all addresses are read. Therefore, you must always select a subtype for a join, and this subtype may not have the time constraint "three".
The program code for the above join for work center and address data is as follows:
REPORT RPABAP03.
TABLES: PERNR.
INFOTYPES: 0001, 0006.
GET PERNR.
PROVIDE * FROM P0001
FROM P0006 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
WHERE P0006-SUBTY eq '1'.
WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR, P0001-STELL,
P0006-STRAS, P0006-BEGDA, P0006-ENDDA.
ENDPROVIDE.
Sometimes no data is available for a particular infotype in the selected partial period. Infotype validity periods may not overlap but gaps are permitted.
For example, gaps can occur when personal data is joined with address data:
Personal data
January 1960 - May 1998 Miller
May 1998 - December 1998 Smith
Address data:
January 1998 - December 1998 Hamburg
A join for personal and address data is presented as follows:
January 1960 - December 1997 Miller
January 1998 - April 1998 Miller / Hamburg
May 1998 - December 1998 Smith / Hamburg
Only personal data is available in the first partial period. Since the record does not provide the required information, the join's function of providing data from all associated infotypes has not been fulfilled.
The variables Pnnnn_VALID recognize that only incomplete data is available for a particular partial period.
This variable is formed when the report is run for each Pnnnn infotype included in a join.
If data exists in the partial period for the Pnnnn infotype, the variable Pnnnn_VALID is filled with X.
These variables are evaluated as follows:
REPORT RPDEMO03.
TABLES: PERNR.
INFOTYPES: 0002,
0006.
GET PERNR.
PROVIDE * FROM P0002
FROM P0006 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
WHERE P0006-SUBTY = '1'.
IF P0006_VALID EQ 'X'.
WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR,
P0002-BEGDA DD/MM/YYYY,
P0002-ENDDA DD/MM/YYYY,
P0002-NACHN,
P0006-ORT01.
ENDIF.
ENDPROVIDE.
A list is generated only if address data is available. The first partial period, for which only personal data is available, is suppressed.
Projection
All data of an infotype is stored on the database with its period of validity.
When you change one or more fields of an infotype record, the system creates a new record with a new validity period. The date on which you changed the record is the start date of this new record.
Therefore, the data fields that are not affected by the changes contain the same data over several infotype records and validity periods.
From a logical perspective, these fields are valid in all infotype records until they are changed.
When seen from this logical perspective, each field of an infotype has its own validity period.
This is illustrated in the following case:
An employee has worked as a programmer for three years in three different personnel areas.
The following organizational assignment data is available:
January 1992 - December 1992: Programmer /personnel area 1
January 1993 - December 1993: Programmer /personnel area 2
January 1994 - December 1994: Programmer /personnel area 3
If you only require the time period during which an employee performs a specific job and not his or her personnel area for an evaluation, the following applies:
January 1996 - December 1998: Programmer
The physical view has three infotype records, the logical view one.
To create meaningful evaluations and avoid redundancies, create logical views for infotype records.
Select the infotype fields that are important for the evaluation and disregard the others.
In the above example, the data in the other fields is invalid for the evaluation since it is unknown which personnel area the employee belonged to from 1996 - 1998.
This view of the validity period of a group of infotype fields is known as projection.
The program code for the projection is:
PROVIDE FROM Pnnnn
BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA .
The infotype data for a projection must be available throughout the entire validity period. If the time periods of certain infotype records overlap, the data cannot be clearly assigned to one period.
Therefore, you should not use projections for infotype records with time constraint three. The report for the above projection is:
REPORT RPABAP04.
TABLES: PERNR.
INFOTYPES: 0001.
GET PERNR.
PROVIDE STELL FROM P0001 BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA.
WRITE: / PERNR-PERNR, P0001-STELL, P0001-BEGDA,
P0001-ENDDA.
ENDPROVIDE .
The logical validity for the activity period is included in the infotype BEGDA and ENDDA fields.
Join and Projection
You can combine the two logical views of infotype data, the join and the projection.
We read the data from several infotypes and create new partial periods. We select the infotype fields that are important for the evaluation and combine these partial periods again.
The following example illustrates this.
An employee works as a programmer in the current year and marries in May. Her name does not change.
Organizational assignment:
January - December Programmer
Personal data:
January - April Donna Debug - single
May - December Donna Debug - married
When the data from both infotypes is read concurrently, the result is:
January - April Donna Debug - single /
programmer
May - December Donna Debug - married /
programmer
Since we can disregard her marital status in the evaluation, we project on her first and last names:
January - December Donna Debug / programmer
The following report exemplifies the above case:
REPORT RPDEMO04.
TABLES: PERNR.
INFOTYPES: 0001,
0002.
GET PERNR.
PROVIDE STELL FROM P0001
NACHN VORNA FROM P0002
BETWEEN PN-BEGDA AND PN-ENDDA
IF P0001_VALID = 'X'.
WRITE: / P0002-NACHN, P0002-VORNA,
P0001-BEGDA DD/MM/YYYY,
P0001-ENDDA DD/MM/YYYY,
P0001-STELL.
ENDIF.
ENDPROVIDE.
This report combines the associated validity periods and provides the data of relevant infotype fields for a specific period.
 Fields which are not accessed have their initial value in the projection.
Provision of data for a specific partial period is especially important for partial period factoring in payroll.
If an employee's basic pay or the cost distribution changes during the payroll period, you must calculate the salary proportionately for the resulting partial periods.
However, if the payroll administrator of the organizational unit changes, this has no effect on payroll.
By linking a join and a projection, you can read the master data for a specific partial period.
Time-Dependent Control Tables
Infotype data is generally coded as a key (for example, infotype P0006, address type 1 = permanent residence) to allow fast data entry and space-saving storage. When you process infotypes, the texts or attributes of the keys are read from the relevant control tables.
In many control tables, storage of data is time-dependent and therefore assigned a validity period.
In HR, this applies to the following areas:
Work schedules
Pay scale structures
Wage types
Wage type valuation
Bank data
Positions
Payee codes
When you read the data for an infotype key from time-dependent control tables, you must determine which record is valid in the specified validity period.
If you use a transaction to process an infotype, the system reads the table record which is valid on the start date.
Generalization of the View
You can use the logical view to edit and output data according to user specifications.
The special feature of HR views is the time dependency of the data. Personnel data is almost always related to specific validity periods. A HR view provides data for specific time intervals.
In general terms, a HR view is a logical perspective of interval-dependent internal tables.
See also:
Processing All Infotype Records (PA-PAD)
Processing All Infotype Records (PA-APP)
Processing a Specific Infotype Record (PA-PAD)
Processing a Specific Infotype Record (PA-APP)
3 Import/Export Files in HR
The following sections describe the purpose of files PCL1 and PCL2 and explains how to access them.
Files PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4
Storing Data in PCLn Files
PCLn Buffer
Cluster Directory Manager
3.1 Files PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4
Which information is stored in the files?
File PCL1 is the basis for the HR work area data. It contains information from the time data recording, for example, incentive wage time tickets or infotype supplement texts.
File PCL2 contains derived information, for example, payroll results. It also contains all generated payroll schemas.
File PCL3 contains applicant data.
File PCL4 contains the change documents for HR master data and recruitment.
The structure of PCLn files corresponds to that of the INDX file which you may be familiar with from other applications. The structure of all PCLn files (n = 1, 2, 3, and 4) is identical.
Structure of Files
Like in almost all SAP files, the key element with the highest priority is the client; data within a client is grouped according to basic relations (field PCLn-RELID).
The type of basic relation is known as a cluster and characterizes the stored data according to the type, for example, cluster RX contains the payroll result for country X (from table T500L) and cluster TE contains the trip costs data.
Depending on the cluster, the structure of PCLn-SRTFD is defined in a field string xx-KEY, which is defined in an include RPCnxxy0.
Naming conventions
n = 1, 2, 3, or 4 (for PCL1, PCL2, PCL3, or PCL4)
xx = for the cluster
y = 0 for international clusters
y = country grouping according to T500L for national clusters
The personnel number is usually the first component of xx-KEY.
Importing and Exporting Data
The import/export files PCLn are managed with the ABAP/4® commands IMPORT and EXPORT . These commands store objects such as fields, field strings, or internal tables on the database, or read these from the database. Data is read from and written to the database using a unique key( xx-Key).
Please note that the RMAC macros RP-IMP-Cn-xx and RP-EXP-Cn-xx are provided for importing and exporting data. Only these macros should be used.
See also Macro Modules
3.2 Storing Data in PCLn Files
Data from the different HR application areas is stored in data clusters in PCLn files (n = 1, 2, 3, or 4).
This collection of data objects can consist of:
Fields used within reports
Field strings
Internal tables
The structure of the PCLn files provides a framework for the individual application areas.
Each application area must have a two-character cluster name (relation ID). It must also have a key structure; 40 bytes of the SRTFD field are available for this structure.
When a record is exported to the PCLn file, the cluster ID is written to the RELID field and the key value to the SRTFD field.
Naming convention for includes when defining clusters:
RPCnxxy0 n = 1, 2, 3 or 4 (for PCL1, PCL2, PCL3, PCL4)
xx = cluster ID
y = country indicator
Description of Cluster Data using Cluster RX as an Example
The data definition is stored in the include RPC2RX00 in accordance with the above naming conventions.
Structure of cluster key:
Data: BEGIN OF RX-KEY.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE PC200.
DATA: END OF RX-KEY.
The DDIC structure PC200 contains the fields PERNR (personnel number) and SEQNO (sequential number).
The data definition of the cluster also contains other internal tables.
For a list of available data clusters, refer to the domain description in the Data Dictionary.
xx Key
The xx key name is dependent on the cluster.
The RX KEY is used for all Rx and Xx clusters. In all other cases, the name of the xx key corresponds to that of the cluster.
Cluster xx Key
RA RX-KEY
B1 B1-KEY
G3 G3-KEY
XA RX-KEY
3.3 PCLn Buffer
To keep the number of database accesses to a minimum, import and export data is stored in the main memory buffer. Buffer management routines ensure that exported data can be stored in the PCLn files.
The following two examples illustrate which problems can occur without a buffer.
Retroactive accounting of payroll results
Starting payroll in the test mode
Retroactive Accounting of Payroll Results
In February 1998, a retroactive accounting run is executed for January.
FOR PERIOD 199801 IN PERIOD 199802
The payroll results for January are recalculated and then written directly to the database.
Result:
The database now contains the results of the following payroll periods.
FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199801
Payroll is then run for February.
FOR-PERIOD 199802 IN-PERIOD 199802
If problems should arise during the payroll run for this period, the February record is not stored on the database.
Result:
The current January record on the database is:
FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
This problem does not arise if you use the buffer since all data of a transaction is always updated collectively. In the above example, the recalculated January result would be stored in the buffer and, if the payroll run for February were terminated prematurely, the database would not be updated.
The current January record on the database would thus be:
FOR-PERIOD 199801 IN-PERIOD 199802
Starting Payroll in the Test Mode
In a test run, the database is not updated. Since the payroll results from the previous period are used as the basis for calculating the results of the following period, the results of the actual payroll run would differ from those of the test run, if this test run were executed over several periods.
The use of the buffer enables trouble-free access to the required results for the previous period.
What is required for exporting/importing data to/from the PCLn files using the buffer?
 The following includes contain the data definition for the buffer. They must be included in the report that writes the data to or reads the data from the database.
RPPPXD00
RPPPXD10
 Include RPPPXD10 must be in the common part BUFFER .
Include RPPPXM00, which contains the buffer management routines, is also required.
The macros for importing and exporting data must comply with the following naming convention:
Naming Convention for EXPORT/ IMPORT Macros:
RP-aaa-Cn-xy
where aaa = IMP / EXP, n=1 for PCL1, 2 for PCL2, 3 for PCL3, 4 or PCL4
and xy = cluster name.
This guarantees consistency between the export and import of data and also ensures that all exported objects are imported again.
Export Using the Data Buffer
When macros are used for exporting, records are written to a main memory buffer and not directly to the database. When the program run has been completed, the records in the buffer are stored in the appropriate PCLn database.
Import Using the Data Buffer
When the macros are used to import data, the data records are not read directly from file PCLn. Instead, the system checks the buffer directory to see whether the main memory already contains a record with the same key. If this is not the case, the record is read from PCLn to the buffer and then retrieved from the buffer for the report.
If the import is successful, the return code RP-IMP-xy-SUBRC = 0 is set. When data is read from the buffer, the system carries out a check for cluster authorization. Standard import programs follow the naming convention RPCLSTxy (xy = cluster name).
 report rpttcdmg.
tables:
pernr,
pcl1,
pcl2.
include rpppxd00. "buffer definitions
data: begin of common part 'BUFFER'.
include rpppxd10. "PCLx buffer
data: end of common part.
data: begin of common part 'CLUSTER_DIRECTORY'.
include rpc2cd00. " "cluster directory definitions
data: end of common part.
include rpc2rdd0.
get pernr.
rp-init-buffer. "reset buffer
cd-key-pernr = pernr-pernr.
rp-imp-c2-cd. "read cluster CD from
buffer/DB
perform cd_manager using ... .
alternative: call function rp_evaluation_periods...
rx-key-pernr = pernr-pernr.
rx-key-seqno = rgdir-seqnr.
rp-imp-c2-rd. "read cluster RD from
buffer/DB
rp-exp-c2-rd. "update cluster RD in buffer
perform prepare_update using 'V'. "update database (DB)
Subroutines CD manager and Cluster buffer
include rpcmgr00. "Cluster Directory Manager
include rpppxm00. "module pcl1(2)-buffer
3.4 Cluster Directory
Finding Payroll Results for a Specific Query
Payroll results are stored in cluster Rx of the PCL2.
The cluster key is non-mnemonic. It contains the PERNR (personnel number) and SEQNO (sequential number) fields.
The internal table RGDIR contains a directory entry for each payroll result. This entry is a sequential number (RGDIR-SEQNR) which uniquely identifies the payroll result.
Payroll results can only be imported if the payroll cluster key contains the personnel number and sequential number.
Before you can import a payroll record, you must select the entry in the RGDIR on the basis of existing data such as for-period, for-payroll area, for-payroll category, in-period, in-payroll area, in-payroll category, and so on, in order to determine the sequential number.
You will probably always have the same queries when importing payroll records. For example, "Which payroll results (original and retroactively accounted records) were written for a specific payroll run (defined by IN payroll category, IN payroll area, IN period)"?
There are standard modules that can be used. It is advantageous to use the standard modules rather than self-programmed solutions because no program modifications will be required if the payroll directory changes. The modules are described in the following section:
Function Modules for Selecting Payroll Results
3.5 Function Modules for Selecting Payroll Results
The employees payroll directory is always transferred to the function modules using the table RGDIR.
The modules then transfer the payroll records which satisfy the specified selection criteria using a table whose type corresponds to that of the RGDIR but which has a different name. The selection parameters differ according to the function of the module. For more information, read the module documentation.
All module names begin with CD_.
Function Module: CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS
Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL
Other Modules for the Payroll Cluster
Sample Report
Function Module: CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
This module transfers the payroll results to a payroll run as A records (current). It also transfers the accompanying P records (previous).
This is the module most frequently used in evaluation programs.
Table contents before the function module is accessed:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY PAYID INPTY INPID
00001 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96
00002 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 B 0
00003 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 B 0 B 0
00004 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 0 A 0
00005 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 1 A 1
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96
00007 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 01.15.96
00008 03.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 01.01.96 02.15.96
The following parameters are transferred:
- BONUS_DATE = '00000000'
- INPER_MODIF = '02'
- INPER = '199803'
- PAYTY = ' '
- PAYID = ' '
Result:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY INPTY INPID SRTZA
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 P
00007 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96 A
00008 03.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96 A
Explanation of individual fields
Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS
This module transfers a previous payroll record for a payroll record; this is the newest record for the payroll period (or daily payroll run) which was written before the transferred payroll record and contains the same FOR data as the transferring record.
Table contents before the function module is accessed:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY PAYID
00001 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96
00002 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.16.96 01.16.96
00003 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 B 0
00004 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 0
00005 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 1
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96
00007 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
00008 03.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
The following parameters are transferred:
- Record with SEQNR '00007'
Result:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY SRTZA
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 P
Explanation of individual fields
Function Module: CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL
This module reads the previous original payroll result.
Table contents before the function module is accessed:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IIPEND BONDT PAYTY PAYID
00001 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96
00002 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.16.96 01.16.96
00003 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 B 0
00004 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 0
00005 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 1
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96
00007 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
00008 03.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
The following parameters are transferred:
- Record with SEQNR '00008'
Result:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY SRTZA
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.3196 P
Explanation of individual fields
3.6 Other Modules for the Payroll Cluster
Modules which derive information from the payroll cluster are available in addition to the modules for payroll result selection.
1. CD_RETROCALC_PERIOD
This module differentiates between original payroll records and retroactive accounting records.
Table contents before the function module is accessed:
SEQNR FPPER FPBEG FPEND INPER IPBEG IPEND BONDT PAYTY PAYID
00001 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96
00002 01.1996 01.01.96 01.15.96 01.16.96 01.16.96
00003 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 01.16.96 B 0
00004 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 0
00005 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 01.17.96 A 1
00006 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96
00007 02.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
00008 03.1996 01.16.96 01.31.96 03.1996 02.01.96 02.15.96
The following parameters are transferred:
- Record with SEQNR '00008'
Result:
- CALCD = ' '
Explanation of individual fields
2. CD_PAYROLL_UNTIL
This module reads the RGDIR for the date up to which the regular payroll run was executed for an employee.
3. CD_HIGHEST_PAYDT
This module reads the most recent check date for an employee from the RGDIR.
4. CD_GET_INFO
This module provides information (most recent check date, accounted to date) for a particular personnel number.
3.7 Explanation of Individual Fields
For-Information
The FPPER, FPBEG, FPEND, BONDT, PAYTY, PAYID, ABKRS, PERMO, PAYDT, JUPER fields contain information on the period for which payroll is run.
In-Information
The INPER, IPEND, INPTY, INPID, IABKRS, IPERM fields contain information on the period in which payroll is run.
SEQNR
The field is used as a key to uniquely identify the payroll record.
This field also defines the sequence of payroll results (history).
Control Indicator (SRTZA)
Control indicator Meaning
a Current
p Previous
o Old
 For more information, see the online documentation for the individual function modules.
3.8 Sample Report
REPORT RPTTMWBS.
DATA: RGDIR LIKE PC261 OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
DATA: EVPDIR LIKE RGDIR OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
DATA: PREVIOUS_RESULTS LIKE RGDIR OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
DATA: CALCD TYPE C.
DATA: IN_ENTRY LIKE PC261.
DATA: OUT_ENTRY LIKE PC261.
INCLUDE RPCCCD09.
CALL FUNCTION 'CU_READ_RGDIR'
EXPORTING
PERSNR = '00021218'
TABLES IN_RGDIR = RGDIR
EXCEPTIONS
NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
OTHERS = 2.
Read RGDIR
CALL FUNCTION 'CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS'
EXPORTING
BONUS_DATE = '00000000'
INPER_MODIF = '02'
INPER = '199603'
PAY_TYPE = CD_C-REGULAR
PAY_IDENT = ' '
TABLES
RGDIR = RGDIR
EVPDIR = EVPDIR
IABKRS =
EXCEPTIONS
NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
OTHERS = 2.
output:
00006
00007
00008
Read regular payroll results for January
A results (original result plus retroactive calculations)
and P results
LOOP AT EVPDIR WHERE SRTZA = CD_C-ACTUAL.
Only current results (00007 and 00008)
CALL FUNCTION 'CD_RETROCALC_PERIOD'
EXPORTING
ENTRY = EVPDIR
IMPORTING
CALCD = CALCD
EXCEPTIONS
OTHERS = 1.
Determine, whether original result
CHECK CALCD = ' '.
Special processing: Only the original period
March is processed (seqnr 00008).
IN_ENTRY = EVPDIR.
CALL FUNCTION 'CD_READ_PREVIOUS_ORIGINAL'
EXPORTING
IN_RECORD = IN_ENTRY
IMPORTING
OUT_RECORD = OUT_ENTRY
TABLES
RGDIR = RGDIR
EXCEPTIONS
OTHERS = 1.
out_entry now contains the previous results
Input 00008 ----> Output 00006
ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT EVPDIR WHERE SRTZA = CD_C-ACTUAL.
IN_ENTRY = EVPDIR.
CALL FUNCTION 'CD_READ_PREVIOUS'
EXPORTING
IN_RECORD = IN_ENTRY
TABLES
RGDIR = RGDIR
OUT_RGDIR = PREVIOUS_RESULTS
EXCEPTIONS
NO_RECORD_FOUND = 1
OTHERS = 2.
Input 00007 ---> 00006
Input 00008 ---> no record found
Output structure is a table, since there can be
several previous results: for example, if legal person
changes, and is retroactively deleted
ENDLOOP
4 Specific Commands
The following sections describe the different specific commands in HR.
Function modules in HR
Macro modules
4.1 Function Modules in HR
Function modules are program modules which have a defined interface and allow type testing of parameters.
They are managed with transaction SE37 and combined to function groups according to relevant criteria. You can access this transaction under Tools  ABAP Workbench  Function Builder.
The HR function groups use the naming convention RPxx or HRxx where xx is an identifier of your choice.
You can use the SHOW FUNCTION * editor command to branch from report processing to function module display.
4.2 Macro Modules
Definition
An module that can be called within an ABAP program.
Use
Like subprograms and function modules, macro modules are a means of presenting programs in modular form. Macro modules (macros) are used often in the Human Resources application component (HR).
Defining and Calling Modules
Two options are provided:
Macros can be defined in reports or includes using the ABAP command DEFINE. A macro can be used within a report or within an include. If a macro is used in a report, and the macro is defined in an include with the DEFINE command, the include must be integrated.
 Macros have the following advantages:
If a macro is changed, each report using this macro is automatically regenerated when it is executed.
Macros can also be defined as RMAC macros. The source code of these modules is stored in the function section of the control table TRMAC (Macros in ABAP Programs). The coding is grouped under a specific name in the table key.
According to conventions, the first two letters of the name must stand for the application. The rest of the name is freely definable.
 Customer-specific RMAC modules should begin with a special character.
The macros defined in the control table TRMAC can be used by all reports.
 When you change a RMAC macro in the table TRMAC, the reports that use this macro are not regenerated automatically. You must regenerate them manually.
The following section includes a list of programming utilities for the logical databases PNP and PAP.
5 Utilities in HR
The following utilities are available.
General Utilities
Report Meaning
RPUACG00 Code generation / authorization check
RPUAUD00 Infotype auditing
Programming Utilities
Report Meaning
RPINCL10 String search in reports
Cluster Utilities
Report Meaning
RPCLSTyy Display cluster for PCLx (yy = RELID)
RPUPxD00 Delete cluster for PCLx (individual data records)
RPUPxD10 Delete cluster for PCLx (several data records)
6 References:
Different parts of the document has been prepared with the help of articles available on Internet
Following websites are referred :
a). http://help.sap.com
b). http://sapfans.com
c). http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/saphr.htm -
hi every one
Can any one help me in providing links for ABAP HR material
RajeshHi Rajesh, read this.
HR:
HR deals with the INFOTYPES which are similar to Tables in General ABAP.
There are different ways of fetching data from these infotypes.
There are different areas in HR LIKE Personal Admn, Orgn Management, Benefits, Time amangement, Event Management, Payroll etc
Infotypes for these areas are different from one another area.
storing of records data in each type of area is different
LDBS like PNP are used in HR programing.
Instead of Select.. we use some ROUTINES and PROVIDE..ENDPROVIDE.. etc
and in the case of Pay roll we use Clusters and we Import and Export them for data fetching.
On the whole Normal ABAP is different from HR abap.
For Personal Admn the Infotypes start with PA0000 to PA1999
Time Related Infotypes start with PA2000 to PA2999.
Orgn related Infotypes start with HRP1000 to HRP1999.
All custom developed infotypes stsrat with PA9000 onwards.
In payroll processing we use Clusters like PCL1,2,3 and 4.
Instead of Select query we use PROVIDE and ENDPROVIDE..
You have to assign a Logical Database in the attributes PNP.
Go through the SAp doc for HR programming and start doing.
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/hr/hrhome.htm
See:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/en/4f/d5268a575e11d189270000e8322f96/content.htm
sites regarding hr-abap:
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/hr/hrhome.htm
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/PAPA/PAPA.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/PAPD/PAPD.pdf
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/PYINT/PYINT_BASICS.pdf
http://www.atomhr.com/training/Technical_Topics_in_HR.htm
http://www.planetsap.com/hr_abap_main_page.htm
You can see some Standard Program examples in this one ...
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/programs/programshr.htm
http://searchsap.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid21_gci1030179,00.html?Offer=SAlgwn12604#Certification
http://www.erpgenie.com/faq/hr.htm.
http://www.planetsap.com/hr_abap_main_page.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/FUNCTIONAL/HR_tutorial.html
These are the FAQ's that might helps you as well.
http://www.sap-img.com/human/hr-faq.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/faq/hr.htm
http://www.planetsap.com/hr_abap_main_page.htm
http://www.atomhr.com/library_full.htm
HR Long texts Upload
Look at the below link
Also,
Few notes are below:
InfoSets in the HR Application
You can use SAP Query in HR to report on HR data. Queries are maintained as described in Creating Queries. The special features of queries created for HR are described in Maintaining Queries in the Human Resources Application. The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the described procedure inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes.
InfoSet management in SAP Query is also used for InfoSet Query. For further information, see Functions for Managing InfoSets.
If you want to create InfoSets for HR, you can use logical databases PNP, PNPCE, PAP, and PCH (see HR Logical Databases). The database you must use to create your InfoSet depends on the component in which the data you want to report on is stored.
The reports you can execute using InfoSets based on logical databases PNP (or PNPCE) or PCH are similar, but differ in that they can select different objects. The following table describes the connection between the logical database, and the infotypes you can include in an InfoSet. It also provides you with one or two examples of reports that you can execute using the appropriate InfoSets.
Logical database PNP/PNPCE* PCH PAP
Selection of Persons Objects from Personnel Planning Applicants
Infotypes that can be included in the InfoSet Infotypes for· Personnel Administration (0000-0999) · Time Management (2000-2999) · Payroll infotypes · Infotypes for Personnel Planning objects that can be related to persons If the object type is specified:· Infotypes for the object type · Infotypes for objects that can be related to the specified object typeIf the object type is not specified:· All infotypes · Infotypes for Recruitment (4000-4999)· Some infotypes for Personnel Administration (such as 0001 and 0002)
· Customer infotypes
Reporting examples · Selection of all persons who participated in a specific business event, output of prices for reserved business events · Selection of all persons assigned to a specific personnel area, output of qualifications held by these persons · Selection of all business events held in London in March, output of all persons who participated in these business events · Selection of all positions assigned to a specific organizational unit, output of all persons assigned to the positions · Selection of all applicants hired last year to work on special projects, output of addresses for the applicants selected
Logical database PNPCE (PNP Concurrent Employment) functions just like logical database PNP. The procedure for creating InfoSets is also the same. It only becomes significant if you work with Concurrent Employment.
Creating InfoSets
The maintenance procedure for HR InfoSets differs from the procedure described so far in this section inasmuch as HR data fields are grouped together in infotypes. To set up an InfoSet for the HR application, proceed as follows:
1. On the initial screen for maintaining InfoSets, enter a name for the InfoSet and choose Create.
2. On the next screen, enter a name for the InfoSet and select one of the HR logical databases in accordance with your reporting requirements.
Customer infotypes can be created on all HR logical databases. In each individual case, therefore, you must decide which database to select so that you can report on customer infotypes.
This screen enables you to enter an authorization group. All of the queries that are subsequently created using this InfoSet can only be executed by persons who have this authorization group.
3. Choose .
This takes you to the Infotype Selection for InfoSet screen. You now have the option of creating field groups and assigning fields as required for non-HR InfoSets. Field groups that correspond to infotypes and already contain fields, however, are always created for HR InfoSets. The field groups are displayed in an overview tree in the top right section of the screen.
The infotypes that you included in the InfoSet are displayed in an overview tree on the left of the screen. The infotype fields that are already included in field groups are displayed in a different color, and the corresponding field group ID is displayed.
In the standard system, a field group is created automatically for each infotype that you included in the InfoSet (a field group corresponds to an infotype).
In the standard system, each field group contains the infotype-specific fields. To ensure that working with the InfoSet is as easy as possible, you are advised to restrict your use of fields in each field group to those you really require. This means you should remove fields that are not required.
An infotype's fields must only be assigned to the pertinent field group. Make sure this assignment is correct. If the assignment is incorrect, the InfoSet could be rendered unusable.
When an InfoSet is created, the following fields are transferred automatically to the first field group:
§ Logical database PNPCE or PNP Personnel number
§ Logical database PAP Applicant number
§ Logical database PCH Object ID, plan version, and object type
6. Determine the fields that must be included in the field groups of your InfoSet. If you require further information, see Assigning Fields to a Field Group.
If you want, you can change the default sequence of field groups and fields as required using Drag&Drop.
7. To save the InfoSet, choose .
8. To generate the InfoSet, choose .
On the Change InfoSet (InfoSet name) screen, you can choose Edit ® Change infotype selection to add more infotypes to the InfoSet, or to remove infotypes from the InfoSet. Remember to regenerate the InfoSet afterwards.
This screen also enables you to update InfoSets if, for example, the system contains new additional fields for specific key values. To do so, choose InfoSet ® Additional functions ® Update additional HR fields.
9. Go back to the initial screen for InfoSet maintenance.
10. Choose User group assignment.
11. Select a user group, and save your entry.
sample code
START-OF-SELECTION.
GET pernr.
rp_provide_from_frst p0000 space pn-begda pn-endda.
if pnp-sw-found EQ '1'.
READ TABLE p0001 WITH KEY pernr = p0000-pernr.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write : p0001-plans. " earliest.
endif.
endif.
rp_provide_from_last p0014 space pn-begda pn-endda.
if pnp-sw-found EQ '1'.
READ TABLE p0014 WITH KEY pernr = p0000-pernr.
if sy-subrc = 0.
write : p0014-LGART. .
endif.
endif.
Also this is HR_data structure.
Enterprise Structure
Definition
Structure of company according to personnel administrative, time management and payroll perspectives from the point of view of your own company
The company structure describes elements of the company and there dependencies.
Structure
The enterprise structure in Personnel Administration consists of the following:
Client
The client is, in accordance with commercial law, an organizational and data technical isolated unit within the R/3 System, with separate master records and its own separate record of tables. A clients area of jurisdiction can correspond to a unit as small as a company, or as large as an entire enterprise.
Company code
The company code is the smallest organizational unit of external accounting in which a complete and isolated financial accounting can be created. All events that affect the company code and the creation of all statements for a legal financial statement, for example balances, profit and loss calculation are contained within the company code organizational units.
Personnel area
The personnel area is an organizational unit; according to a personnel administrative, time management and payroll organizational point of view, a personnel area represents a delimited enterprise area. The personnel area is only used in Personnel Administration and is unique within a client.
Personnel areas are sub-divided into personnel subareas. Organizational data and guidelines as how to assign it, are stored on a personnel area and personnel subarea level. The rules and guidelines could be of a legal, pay scale and collective agreement, or internal nature. A personnel area is assigned to a company code which has the financial accounting values that are relevant for the personnel area. A pay scale area, a pay scale type and a public holiday calendar are precisely defined for a personnel subarea.
Example
The personnel area in a software company can be subdivided into development, training and administration personnel subareas.
Personnel subarea
The personnel subarea is only used in Personnel Administration. The groupings linked to the personnel subarea determine which entries from the subsequent screen are allowed for an employee of a particular company code/personnel area.
Groupings are used for validation of master and time data. Groupings are also used to check the plausibility of data that you enter.
Organizational key
The organizational key enables you to define the organizational assignment more exactly. The organizational key can consist of elements from the enterprise structure and personnel structure.
If you require further information on the corporate structure, please see the Elements of the Enterprise Structure section.
Integration
The Hiring personnel action enables you to assign employees to the enterprise structure. The data is stored in the Organizational Assignment (0001) infotype. This infotype is essential for authorization checks.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/48/35c3ea4abf11d18a0f0000e816ae6e/frameset.htm
Personnel Structure
Definition
Describes an employees position in a company from the individual employees view.
Structure
The personnel structure can be considered from two perspectives:
administrative perspective
organizational perspective
The Structure link administrative personnel structure consists of the following elements:
Employee group
Employee subgroup
Payroll area
Organizational key
The extent of the distinction that you make between employee groups and employee subgroups depends on your evaluation and access protection requirements.
The organizational key consists of a part of both the enterprise structure and the personnel structure. The elements employee group and employee subgroup could also be relevant in forming the organizational key.
The Structure link organizational personnel structure consists of the following elements:
Position
Job
Organizational unit
Integration
To assign an employee to the personnel structure, use the Hiring personnel action. The data is stored in the Structure link Organizational Assignment (0001) infotype. This infotype is essential for authorization checks.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/48/35c3ea4abf11d18a0f0000e816ae6e/frameset.htm
kindly reward if found helpful.
cheers,
Hema. -
Abap basics material documents
Hi Gurus,
i am intrested to learn basic in Abap i want to make my carrrier in it so i kindky request you to plz send material my [email protected]
Thanks in Advance,
Edited by: Krishna on Apr 23, 2008 2:16 PM
Edited by: Krishna on Apr 23, 2008 2:17 PMHi....
Go for Siemens material. Check the following link:
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
additional info
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
edit Implementation
edit Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
edit SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
edit Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
edit Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
edit Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
edit Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
edit Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
edit OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
edit Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
edit Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
edit Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
edit Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
edit Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
edit Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
edit Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
edit ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
edit The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
edit ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
edit "Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
edit Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
edit Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
edit Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
edit Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
edit ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
edit Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
edit Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
edit Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
edit Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
edit Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
edit Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
edit Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
edit Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
edit Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
edit Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
edit Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
edit Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
edit Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
edit Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
edit Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
edit Advanced Topics
edit Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
edit Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
edit Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
edit Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
edit Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
edit Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
edit Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
edit Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
first learn basic programing afterwards
go through commands, statements , events, functional modules.....etc.
and implement these stuff, in programing,. and do practising.
Check the following links:
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
http://sap-img.com/
http://sapabaplive.blogspot.com/2007/07/download-abap-in-21-days.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_40b/helpdata/en/4f/991f82446d11d189700000e8322d00/applet.htm
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
http://www.esnips.com/web/SAPAbapCertificationDocs/
Start with this.Refer this
For BDC:
http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
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