Booting from RAM

I was trying to follow this guide to configure my system to load my root partition to RAM on startup. I get stuck at the:
cd /usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/
part. Does anyone know how I can finish this guide? or perhaps know about a guide that suits arch better?
Edit: From what I've seen, it seems that this is usually done by loading the initramfs to the RAM. Arch uses mkinitcpio to build an initramfs but it does not include a copy of the entire root partition which is what I need to do.
In short: How do I create an image of my entire system with mkinitcpio?
I found a kernel paramater called "copytoram" (added to the commandline of grub in /etc/default/grub) and this of course does not deliver the desired result (i.e. does not suffice) as it's only loading the kernel itself into ram, not the whole root partition.
Last edited by rabcor (2014-05-28 07:40:15)

Thanks guys two very nice replies.
If I understood correctly,
KairiTech's version stores the system installed normally on an SSD and maintenance can be done by booting off of the SSD instead of booitng with the initramfs.
jackwild's version stores the entire root partition and the initramfs in a zip file which is extracted into the RAM and booted from.
I like the archtaz version better because of how that is even easier to maintain (no rebooting required)  but the question  about the latter is if I can make it work with other OSes (like say gentoo)
Btw, I did a little check on tmpfs vs ramfs in performance (I mean it really technically doesn't matter which one one would use as long as one keeps the filesystem size in check (ramfs dynamically expands unlike tmpfs)) and it seemed to me like ramfs was outperforming tmpfs by roughly 8%, at least when I tested it's r/w speed with dd.
It showed on a roughly 800mb file (I notice massive speed difference when testing the Ram Read/Write speeds with that method depending on file size, a 40mb file was only at just over 1Gb/s) and tmpfs r/w'd at 4.3Gb/s whereas ramfs r/w'd it at 4.6GB/s implying that ramfs is probably more efficient.
Last edited by rabcor (2014-05-29 08:45:18)

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    The remainder of the Snow Leopard 10.6(.8) would be a download Software Update Combo v 10.6.8, either direct from Apple servers or through the computer's running Software Update. Once the computer is up to date in Snow Leopard, 10.6.8, then one could visit the Mac App Store, App Store, and iTunes Store; from the Mac App Store, and you could check/get the latest upgrade to Mac OS X, 10.9.2. An Apple ID is required to access.
    The computer may not support Mavericks 10.9.2, or may be able to, but could use an upgrade of RAM capacity.
    If your model and build year series info is correct:
    Maximum Memory
    8.0 GB (Actual) 4.0 GB (Apple)
    Memory Slots
    2 - 204-pin PC3-8500 (1066MHz) DDR3 SO-DIMM
    For more information see the database download http://mactracker.ca
    and also compare specs with macbook models at everymac.com.
    The newer OS X systems that can use a Recovery HD partition on the hard disk drive, can start from there to repair their hard disk drive, and reformat the section where the Mac OS X runs, and reinstall that. Since there is no likelihood of that still being on the drive once it was FAT-32 reformatted, it will not be present to assist in attempts to reformat the drive; if the computer had been upgraded past Snow Leopard 10.6, to a later system that would have used the recovery partition, or the later internet recovery system. That goes to Apple Servers to use OS X Utilities and reinstall the system, helpful for computers without optical drives or system media. Your MacBook with 10.6.8 installed, then had to access the Mac App Store, to get 10.7.5, 10.8.5, or 10.9.x
    Identify your Mac lookup by model number or serial number:
    https://www.powerbookmedic.com/identify-mac-serial.php
    Anyway, the hardware in the computer may need some inspection, troubleshooting, and maybe repair; but the original DVD install-restore disc has an Apple Hardware Test on it, for that series build model macbook. That could help in troubleshooting some aspects of the computer. Could be the hard disk drive failed; or if someone tried to upgrade the RAM, the system may not have worked correctly. Hard to say how it was messed up, at this stage. There are several possible causes.
    Hopefully you can get the correct disc set from AppleCare.
    You can call Support number, or use Contact Support page.
    Good luck & happy computing!

  • Why does dying internal hard drive stop you booting from external hd

    Why do I need an internal hard drive if I am booting from an external drive? Doesnt make sense,
    Disk Utility warned me that the internal hard drive is failing. I have managed to change start up disks. I have an external bootable drive and even have an empty partition on it, "just in case" I need to install a brand new OS, but here I am waiting for local disks, and I cant access my back-up OS.
    Why doesnt OSX just move past the dying faulty hard drive and get to work on the bootable disk? Basically here I am supposedly doing all the right things to cover for an emergency - I may as well have no backup strategy.
    Am I missing a step, or is this how OSX works. Perhaps if you read the steps and outcomes below, you can see if there is more I need to do?
    If I press "option" at start up, it only shows the internal drive, not recognising the external bootable drive.
    fsck -f produced a looping "missing thread" message that went on for an hour or more so I stopped that.
    I tried the dvd and command-c at start up, got through to the installer window and when I selected disk utility it hung, but no spinning ball, just nothing was happening.
    The next attempt with th DVD i changed start up disk, this time it saw the external bootable drive and I thought I was in business again.
    And here I am full circle, waiting for local disks.
    Any thoughts most welcome.
    btw, does the SMART issue a warning of a failing drive because a drive is definitely unsalvagable due to a mechanical fault? or is there a chance my drive is physiclly healthy but shows as Failing because it has unbelievable directory issues that Apple tools cannot solve - but DW could?
    PB Ti 867MHz 768MB RAM   Mac OS X (10.3.9)  
    PB Ti 867MHz 768MB RAM   Mac OS X (10.3.9)  

    The Bombich forums have helped me troubleshoot the integrity of the bootable volumes on my external hard drive which I made using Carbon Copy Cloner. The clones are fine ie after I reset nvram after booting up via command-alt-o-f, the clones are now recognised when I boot up-alt. So it seems that there was nothing wrong with the bootable volumes on the external drive per se.
    However, the Powerbook will still not boot up past "Waiting for local disks".
    As it stands now, nobody seems to be able to give a reason why I cannot bypass the failed internal hard drive. I found a Knowledge base article from Apple saying Cmd-Alt-shift-delete at start-up should skip you to the next working volume hitched up to your computer, but that didn't work either.
    I have a new internal HDD coming, so prior to installing it, the final part of the troubleshoot will be to reboot the PB without an internal HDD. I will see what happens and see what conclusions can be drawn from that. Unless anyone has a clue now from what I have posted?
    PB Ti 867MHz 768MB RAM   Mac OS X (10.3.9)  

  • [URGENT] Problems Booting from External HD

    I'm at a complete loss on this one. I'm a pretty competent Mac geek, and even I can't figure this out. Bear with me, I'll try and explain my problem as best I can. First, some basic info:
    My hardware setup:
    • iMac G3 600MHz
    • 1GB RAM
    • 120GB internal HD, running OSX 10.4.7
    The computer's internal drive is used by someone else for work during the day. I run all of my files and programs from a 2nd HD, which I boot from:
    • Seagate 300GB HD
    • Bytecc combo USB/Firewire drive enclosure
    Software:
    The only recent install I've done is Super Duper, which I did after I began having problems. I used it clone my Firewire boot drive to a (backup) 400GB external USB/Firewire drive, and I restored from the clone once when I began having the problems that now appear to have come back. At the time, it appeared that restoring from the clone had solved my problems. I'm fairly certain that my problems are software-related: I've installed the drive in question in another Mac (internally), S.M.A.R.T. status appears fine. I'm not using anything awful like Norton Disk Doctor, I've tried rebuilding the volume using DiskWarrior, without success.
    Problem:
    I am unable to boot from my Firewire drive. When I start up using it, everything appears normal, until I get to the boot panel. The progress bar loads very slowly, and only gets about halfway finished before the login panel appears on top of it (even though the boot drive is a single-user volume, set to login automatically). The username and password fields are both blank, and if I enter my username and password it says it's incorrect.
    Symptoms:
    • OSX/programs become unresponsive after waking from sleep. Computer freezes, and most recently the screen went completely gray. After forceably turning off the computer and HD and restarting, I get the problem I just mentioned with the login panel. I don't have any problems waking from sleep if I'm booting from the computer's internal HD.
    • Certain programs (notably iTunes and Adobe CS2 apps) periodically become unresponsive and quit. Several times I've gotten an "unknown error" message from iTunes saying that it is "unable to save the iTunes library". Both of these issues usually precede the main problem of being unable to boot/login.
    • Occasionally, if I boot from the computer's internal HD and then switch on the external, it refuses to recognize it as being a formatted OSX extended (journaled) volume. Turning it off for several minutes and then turning it back on sometimes fixes it, as does repairing it using Disk Utility.
    These problems have been plaguing me for months now, and with more than one external HD (although using the same enclosure). Everytime I do something to fix it, the problems seem to go away for an increasingly shorter amount of time, before reappearing, each time slightly worse than before. I'm convinced all of the issues I've been having are in some way related, I just can't figure out how they're related (or what I can do to fix them). Hopefully, one of you can help me.
    iMac G3 600MHz   Mac OS X (10.4.7)   1GB RAM | 120GB HD (Internal) | 300GB HD (External) | 400GB HD (External)

    I occassionally get a similar problem, when playing a corrupt video via mplayer. The scrren freezes and I have to poweroff. When I log back in no user and no password is valid, even when root is enabled.
    Solution: replace from a cloan. You will need to boot from a good cloan before you can do this, and be able to retain the original permissions.
    I use: sudo rsync -avE /private/var/db/netinfo/ /Volumes/vol-name/private/var/db/netinfo
    PB 15 1.5 Ghz    

  • IMac 24" Aluminium - No way to boot from DVD

    Dear all:
                 Thank you for having this forum fully working.
    My iMac 24" Aluminium (november 2008) can't boot, completely frozen, although all HW are perfectly working.
    I'll try to explain the issue best I can.
    SYMPTOMS
    - Grey screen of death without Apple's logo.
    - No bootable devices detected (either HDD or DVD) by EFI, when you hold ALT (Option) while booting.
    - No way to force boot from DVD.
    CAUSE OF PROBLEMS
    a) HDD has 3 partitions created by DiskUtils:
    /dev/disk0s2= Mac OS(HFS+)
    /dev/disk0s3= Linux DVD Installer (FAT32)
    /dev/disk0s4= User Data(HFS+).
    b) rEFIt installed and fully working on the system ( http://refit.sourceforge.net/ )
    c) Linux DVD installer partition was filled this way:
    dd if=/path/to/linux.iso of=/dev/disk0s3
    As you can see, there are no HW errors at all, everything was perfectly working before dumping the Linux iso into FAT partition.
    TRIALS FOLLOWED (and all its combinations).
    TRIAL 1 - Erasing EFI values on memory.
    Leave the iMac disconnected from power cord a whole night for memories to loose their values.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JId524890zc.
    TRIAL 2 - Force empty memories during boot.
    CMD+ALT+P+R -> Result OK (reboot)
    CMD+ALT+N+V -> No effect
    CMD+ALT+O+F -> No effect
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1533
    TRIAL 3 - Force boot from DVD.
    C while boot -> Read DVD first, but can't boot.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1533
    TRIAL 4 - From Startup Manager, try to boot from DVD.
    ALT (Option) while boot -> See cursor arrow on screen, can't see DVD as boot option.
    a) Try with DVD already inside the unit.
    b) Try to insert DVD once I see the cursor arrow on screen.
    https://discussions.apple.com/thread/1383424?start=0&tstart=0
    TRIAL 5 - Remove RAM memories to reset EFI to factory defaults.
    - Remove all RAM from unit.
    - Boot from DVD (C key hold) -> Unit beeps.
    - Shutdown and fill one bank with memory.
    - Wait 15 minutes for EFI memories values to be deleted.
    - Boot from DVD (C key hold) -> Access DVD first, but no boot.
    TRIAL 6 - Boot from external Mac (Firewire + PC fully working).
    This is the only trial missing before replacing the HDD of the unit... finger crossed.
    http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=271975
    IDEAS AND CONCLUSIONS
    - Any more ideas?
    - How is it possible that a SW problem affects the HW in a way that can't be booted from DVD? Somethings is terribly wrong on iMac EFI design... terribly poor stability.

    Dear all:
    Thank you for having this forum fully working.
    My iMac 24" Aluminium (november 2008) can't boot, completely frozen, although all HW are perfectly working.
    I'll try to explain the issue best I can.
    SYMPTOMS
    - After a chime... grey screen of death without Apple's logo.
    - No bootable devices detected (either HDD or DVD), when you hold ALT (Option) while booting.
    - No way to force boot from DVD.
    CAUSE OF PROBLEMS
    a) HDD has 3 partitions created by DiskUtils:
    /dev/disk0s2= Mac OS(HFS+)
    /dev/disk0s3= Linux DVD Installer (FAT32)
    /dev/disk0s4= User Data(HFS+).
    b) rEFIt installed and fully working on the system ( http://refit.sourceforge.net/ )
    c) Linux DVD installer partition was filled this way:
    dd if=/path/to/linux.iso of=/dev/disk0s3
    As you can see, there are no HW errors at all, everything was perfectly working before dumping the Linux iso into FAT partition.
    TEST BED
    In the process of dealing with iMac booting problems I organized a test bed which allow to detect where the booting is failing:
    STAGE 0 - Setting initial boot memory conditions.
    STAGE 1 - Reset NVRAM memory to factory defaults.
    STAGE 2 - Booting from external device.
    STAGE 3 - Reinstall iMac firmware.
    STAGE 4 - Hardware intervention.
    Before running the test bed:
    a) Unplug all devices except USB keyboard (no wireless keyboard, no mouse... you can plug an USB mouse once you see the graphical user interface up and running).
    b) Combination of keys available on booting:
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1533
    STAGE 0 - Setting initial boot memory conditions
    This bundle of tests must be executed before any test of next stages.
    TEST 0.1 - Erasing booting memory values.
    Leave the iMac disconnected from all wires (especially power cord) for 15 minutes for memories to loose their values.
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JId524890....
    TEST 0.2- Resetting PRAM memory.
    a) Press Power button
    b) Press CMD+ALT+P+R keys while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    c) Hold these keys until you hear 3 chimes (3 reboots).
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1379.
    STAGE 1 - Reset NVRAM memories to factory defaults.
    TEST 1.1 - Validate machine with Apple's Hardware Test.
    => Detect Hardware errors with Apple's Hardware Test
    a) Original Apple's Installation DVD on the machine
    Installation DVD should show something like this
    DISC 1
    Mac OS version 10.5.4
    AHT version 3A152
    Disc version 1.1
    2Z691-6304-A
    To use Apple Hardware Test, hold down the D key as the computer starts up.
    b) Holding Down D key as the computer starts up
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1509.
    => Hardware OK: continue with Stages 1, 2 and 3
    => Hardware Failure: jump to Stage 4 (skip Stages 1, 2 and 3)
    => Unable to run Apple's Hardware Test: jump to Stage 3, firmware restoration
    TEST 1.2 - Change RAM Configuration: amount or disposition.
    a) Open RAM Slot
    b) Extract RAM stick from Slot.
    c) If you only have one RAM stick, reintroduce it in the unused empty slot of memory.
    TEST 1.3 - Resetting PRAM memory.
    Please check TEST 0.2
    STAGE 2 - Booting from external device
    TEST 2.1 - Boot from DVD.
    a) Introduce Apple's Mac OS original DVD on the unit.
    b) Run Test 0.1 and Test 0.2
    => Force DVD as Booting Device.
    c) Press power button.
    d) Press C key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    e) Keep hold the C key until you see the MacOS installer window.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1533
    => If still no boot from DVD: StartUp Manager with DVD inside the machine.
    c) Keep hold Power Button 10 seconds to reboot the machine.
    d) Press ALT key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    e) Keep hold the ALT key until you see the StartUp Manager.
    f) From StartUp Manager, choose DVD as booting option.
    https://discussions.apple.com/thread/138...
    => If still no boot from DVD: StartUp Manager without DVD inside the machine.
    c) Keep hold Power Button 10 seconds to reboot the machine.
    d) Press F12 key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    e) Keep hold the F12 key until DVD is spelled from the iMac.
    f) Run StartUp Manager again (see steps above) .
    g) Insert Apple's Mac OS DVD on machine while StarUp Manager is running.
    h) From StartUp Manager, choose DVD as booting option.
    https://discussions.apple.com/thread/138...
    TEST 2.2 - Firewire cable and Target Mode: run installer from external Mac.
    http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.p...
    TEST 2.3 - Remote Installation.
    You can run this test twice: remote installation from PC and MAC.
    => Remote Installation Server on PC/MAC:
    a) Mac OS DVD on PC/MAC optical drive
    b) Install Network Client (just run setup.exe from DVD and follow the steps until everything is installed).
    c) Keep open a window saying... machine is ready for Remote Install.
    => Physical Direct Network Connection between Remote Installation Server and iMac
    a) Unplug power cord from iMac for 15 minutes.
    b) Connect to the Server Machine this way:
    Option 1.- Crossover Ethernet wire direct connection,
    Option 2.- Using an Ethernet switch with no additional devices plugged to the switch.
    => StartUp Manager on Client
    a) Run Test 0.1 and Test 0.2
    b) Press power button.
    c) Press ALT key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    d) Keep hold the ALT key until you see the StartUp Manager.
    e) From StartUp Manager, choose NetInstall as booting option.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/PH6450
    TEST 2.4 - NetInstall.
    => Prepare NetInstall Mac OS NetBoot Server
    Option 1 - Using Mac OS X Server
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4178
    Option 2 - Using Linux Server
    https://docs.math.osu.edu/linux/how-tos/...
    => Force Boot from the Network
    a) Run Test 0.1 and Test 0.2
    b) Press Power Button.
    c) Press N key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    d) Keep hold the N key until you see the Mac OS X Installation screen.
    => If no NetBoot after 15 minutes: NetBoot from StartUp Manager
    a) Keep hold Power Button 10 seconds to reboot the machine.
    b) Press ALT key while black screen, before you hear the chime.
    c) Keep hold the ALT key until you see the StartUp Manager.
    d) From StartUp Manager, choose NetInstall as booting option.
    TEST 2.5 - Apple's Mac OS Installer/Reparation from External USB HardDrive.
    Very unlikely to work.
    => Create Bootable OS X USB device
    a) Format HDD with GUID partition.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/PH7247
    b) Fill the partition with the Mac OS X installer (only the version your iMac came with, no newer, no older).
    => Boot iMac from USB device
    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1948
    STAGE 3 - Reinstall/Repair iMac Firmware
    TEST 3.1 - Using Firmware Reinstallation CD.
    a) Download and burn Firmware Restoration CD for your iMac
    iMac 8,1: http://support.apple.com/kb/TA24012
    b) From power off state, press the power button and continue to hold it down until the "Sleep" LED blinks rapidly three times, then slowly three times, then rapidly three more times... this could be chimes, instead of LED blinks! Keep the power button pressed down.
    c) Insert the Firmware Restoration CD you have burned into the iMac's CD drive, then release the power button.
    d) Monitor the "Progress Bar" beneath the Apple logo as the restoration process updates your iMac's firmware, taking care not to disconnect the power, shut down your computer or restart your computer (otherwise, you will have to start over). The iMac will restart automatically once the firmware restoration is complete.
    TEST 3.2 - Using Apple's Propietary  Software.
    Contact Apple's Technical Support to know the price.
    STAGE 4 - Hardware Intervention
    TEST 4.1 - Replace the faulty Hardware on your own.
    a) To detect faulty Hardware, please run Test 1.1
    b) Replace the Hardware following those instructions:
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3w6E2_Xqa...
    TEST 4.2 - Contact Apple's Technical Support.

  • Can no longer boot from DVD or USB HD since installing Win10

    5/2/15
    I download and installed the latest Win10 last week and popped it on a spare HD I have in the system;
     the mistake I made was to leave my SSD which has Win7 on it connected during the install. 
    Now I’m in a bit of a pickle. When I boot up with the Win10 disk disconnected I get a splash screen that tells me:
    A required device isn’t connected or can’t be accessed.  It offers me an option to press F9 to boot to another OS and indeed it does boot me into Win7 but insists all my hard drives need a chkdsk. They are fine
     So I thought I’d simply boot from a DVD or USN drive and “fix” the Win 7 install. 
    Lol , it won’t boot from a DVD or the USB HD.  If I pull the Sata cable from the SSD containing Win7 it boots right up from either the DVD or the USB HD.
    I’d really not like to do a clean install of Win7 on my SSD just to get around this. 
    When the drive I loaded Win10 is connected it still won’t boot from a DVD but does allow me to boot into 7 or 10.
    Yeah, yeah I know I should have installed it in a VM but I didn’t.  Any suggestions?
    Mobo   ASUSTeK Computer INC. P8P67 Rev 1.xx
    12G Ram
    CoreI5-25K
    Win7 Ultimate on the SSD
    Last weeks build of Win10 on a spare HD in the system

    press Windows+R then in the box, msconfig
    this will allow you to modify the boot settings as desired
    this tool works as well to clean up programs that want to load with windows unnecessarily
    Place your rig specifics into your signature like I have, makes it 100x easier!
    Hardcore Games Legendary is the Only Way to Play!
    Vegan Advocate How can you be an environmentalist and still eat meat?

  • Failed boot with flashing folder, but boots from USB

    Hi,
    I was recently running an app from the App Store, when my computer froze. I got the classic spinning beach ball on the app, so went to the dock to ctrl-click the dock application icon to force quit it. This then crashed my dock. After some time I gave up, and force-turned my MacBook Pro (13-inch, Mid 2009) off by pressing and holding the power button.
    I turned my mac on again, booted to a gray screen, then 30 seconds later a folder with a question mark in it began flashing on the screen.
    My Mac did not progress further in its boot. So I did all the usual stuff;
    I re-installed my RAM and HDD (both of which I have upgraded a little while ago to improve specs) and tried to boot again without success.
    I tried to access the recovery partition by holding alt while booting, to no avail, doing so just left me with a grey screen and a mouse pointer displayed. I believe that this may have been the case because I boot from an encrypted hard drive (I have encrypted it using filevault) and I have heard that recovery mode is inaccessible when booting from an encrypted drive.
    I zapped my PRAM. (cmd-alt-P-R)
    I tried booting into safe mode. (⇧)
    Nothing worked. I then, as a last resort, removed the HD from my MacBook Pro, and swapped it with the non-encrypted drive that I use to back up menial data. I tried booting from the unencrypted drive into recovery mode, and it didn't work.
    However this is the interesting bit. I then tried to boot (via USB) from the encrypted (original) HD that I had put in my external enclosure. This works. I logged in (past the encryption) and can now use my computer as normal.
    I would therefore think that my Mac has something wrong with the HD bridge, or the HD cable inside my Mac. However, I can now read from and right to the unencrypted HD that I installed in my mac!? Very Wierd!?
    If anyone has any ideas about what may be going on, I would be very gratefull, as I can now only boot my Mac via USB, which is a hastle to say the least. I include a screenshot.
    Thanks so much!!
    Mr BlobE

    In this case sig the interesting thing is that the computer boots when the Startup Disk is connected via USB. In other words, my laptop will read and write, but not boot from the internal drive. Thanks Linc Davis, I have done just that and should hopefully have a working mac by tomorrow!

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