Complete newbie: Linux, and writing drivers...

I have spent a bit of time searching this forum, and reading over a
good deal of older posts to get an idea of things.  I am
completely new to LabView --- I have not even used it yet --- but am
looking to get to know it better in the near future.
My first questions relate to LabView on Linux.  I have read a few
posts about the differences between the Linux and Windows versions, but
these were fairly old.  Is the Linux version still lacking
compared to the Windows one, or are the differences fairly small
now?  In addition, there are a few pages which state that Debian
is a supported distrobution, but the FAQ does not list it: is that a
simple oversight?  My work system runs Ubuntu (a Debian-based
distro), and I would like to stick with that if possible, but if I
would be better off using the Windows version I can access a Windows
system.
I have also been looking into writing LabView drivers for accessing
dedicated hardware.  Most of what I have seen and read so far
relates to drivers written in LabView, however, I have read a little
about then being written in several other languages.  Is there
anywhere I would be able to get the source for any drivers written in
C, so I can see what exactly is involved in writing one.  I find
it a lot easier to understand these kinds of things by looking
at examples, rather than explanations (with is the bulk of what I have
found so far).  If I can see examples written for both Windows and
Linux, that would be even better --- that way I could understand the
differences between drivers for these two operating systems.

A couple of things to clear up (or muddy up!). LabVIEW "compiles" its code the first time you run it after loading or changing code. It doesn't, at this point, create a file that can be executed on another computer without the development package. To do that you need to purchase the Professional Development package, or one of the lower versions and the Application builder toolkit. This toolkit creates an installation package that includes a ".exe" file. To run it you will need to install the LabVIEW runtime engine on the target machine. This can be done by the installation package created by the application builder, if so configured. The runtime engine is a fairly big package in version 7.1, and this causes a lot of comments by the VB and VC++/.NET folks, but the truth is they also have a runtime engine requirement, theirs is just automatically installed as part of Windows.
Instrument drivers, for standalone instruments (GPIB, serial, etc.), usually do include the source. In the current (this does not apply to IVI drivers, they are a whole different category) method of writing these types of drivers, calls are made to some LabVIEW resources that use what are called VISA functions. VISA is a technology that provides a level of abstraction between us and the actual hardware port (GPIB, serial, etc.) Most of these standalone instruments are setup, programmed, read, using commands that consist of ascii strings. So drivers in this case are functions that convert settings for instance into the appropriate string of commands, i.e. "RB 3000000HZ;VB 1000000HZ;VAVG OFF;VBR 0.300000;" sets the resolution bandwidth, video bandwith, video averaging and video bandwidth resolution on a HP859x series spectrum analyzer.
For the National Instruments cards LabVIEW comes with a bunch of tools to make talking to them easier, it still being at a relatively high level of abstraction, where a settings, etc. are passed to and from some built in function. The problem comes with boards from other vendors. There you are at the mercy of drivers they supply, as obviously National Instruments is not going to devote their development resources to drivers for hardware from competitors. The drivers from the other vendors range in quality from pretty good to what looks like it was written by the new hire engineer that had a copy of LabVIEW dropped on their desk and were told "we need some LabVIEW drivers for the biphase framistat by next Friday!".
P.M.
Putnam
Certified LabVIEW Developer
Senior Test Engineer
Currently using LV 6.1-LabVIEW 2012, RT8.5
LabVIEW Champion

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    (II) LoadModule: "freetype"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/fonts//libfreetype.so
    (II) Module freetype: vendor="X.Org Foundation & the After X-TT Project"
    compiled for 7.2.0, module version = 2.1.0
    Module class: X.Org Font Renderer
    ABI class: X.Org Font Renderer, version 0.5
    (II) Loading font FreeType
    (II) LoadModule: "glx"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions//libglx.so
    (II) Module glx: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
    compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.9755
    Module class: X.Org Server Extension
    ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 0.1
    (II) Loading extension GLX
    (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers//nvidia_drv.so
    (II) Module nvidia: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
    compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.9755
    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
    (II) LoadModule: "mouse"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input//mouse_drv.so
    (II) Module mouse: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
    compiled for 7.1.1, module version = 1.1.1
    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 0.6
    (II) LoadModule: "kbd"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input//kbd_drv.so
    (II) Module kbd: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
    compiled for 7.1.1, module version = 1.1.0
    Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
    ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 0.6
    (II) NVIDIA dlloader X Driver 1.0-9755 Mon Feb 26 23:23:13 PST 2007
    (II) NVIDIA Unified Driver for all Supported NVIDIA GPUs
    (II) Primary Device is: PCI 01:00:0
    (--) Assigning device section with no busID to primary device
    (--) Chipset NVIDIA GPU found
    (II) Loading sub module "fb"
    (II) LoadModule: "fb"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules//libfb.so
    (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
    compiled for 7.2.0, module version = 1.0.0
    ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.3
    (II) Loading sub module "wfb"
    (II) LoadModule: "wfb"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules//libwfb.so
    (II) Module wfb: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
    compiled for 7.1.99.2, module version = 1.0.0
    (II) Loading sub module "ramdac"
    (II) LoadModule: "ramdac"
    (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules//libramdac.so
    (II) Module ramdac: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
    compiled for 7.2.0, module version = 0.1.0
    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 1.1
    (II) resource ranges after xf86ClaimFixedResources() call:
    [0] -1 0 0x00100000 - 0x3fffffff (0x3ff00000) MX[b]E(B)
    [1] -1 0 0x000f0000 - 0x000fffff (0x10000) MX[b]
    [2] -1 0 0x000c0000 - 0x000effff (0x30000) MX[b]
    [3] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x0009ffff (0xa0000) MX[b]
    [4] -1 0 0xeb021000 - 0xeb0210ff (0x100) MX[b]
    [5] -1 0 0xeb020000 - 0xeb0203ff (0x400) MX[b]
    [6] -1 0 0xe0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x0) MX[b]O
    [7] -1 0 0xe9000000 - 0xe9ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [8] -1 0 0xd0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x10000000) MX[b](B)
    [9] -1 0 0xe8000000 - 0xe8ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [10] -1 0 0x0000ffff - 0x0000ffff (0x1) IX[b]
    [11] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x000000ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [12] -1 0 0x0000e400 - 0x0000e4ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [13] -1 0 0x0000e000 - 0x0000e00f (0x10) IX[b]
    [14] -1 0 0x0000dc00 - 0x0000dc1f (0x20) IX[b]
    [15] -1 0 0x0000d800 - 0x0000d81f (0x20) IX[b]
    [16] -1 0 0x0000d400 - 0x0000d41f (0x20) IX[b]
    [17] -1 0 0x0000d000 - 0x0000d0ff (0x100) IX[b]
    (II) resource ranges after probing:
    [0] -1 0 0x00100000 - 0x3fffffff (0x3ff00000) MX[b]E(B)
    [1] -1 0 0x000f0000 - 0x000fffff (0x10000) MX[b]
    [2] -1 0 0x000c0000 - 0x000effff (0x30000) MX[b]
    [3] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x0009ffff (0xa0000) MX[b]
    [4] -1 0 0xeb021000 - 0xeb0210ff (0x100) MX[b]
    [5] -1 0 0xeb020000 - 0xeb0203ff (0x400) MX[b]
    [6] -1 0 0xe0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x0) MX[b]O
    [7] -1 0 0xe9000000 - 0xe9ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [8] -1 0 0xd0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x10000000) MX[b](B)
    [9] -1 0 0xe8000000 - 0xe8ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [10] 0 0 0x000a0000 - 0x000affff (0x10000) MS[b]
    [11] 0 0 0x000b0000 - 0x000b7fff (0x8000) MS[b]
    [12] 0 0 0x000b8000 - 0x000bffff (0x8000) MS[b]
    [13] -1 0 0x0000ffff - 0x0000ffff (0x1) IX[b]
    [14] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x000000ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [15] -1 0 0x0000e400 - 0x0000e4ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [16] -1 0 0x0000e000 - 0x0000e00f (0x10) IX[b]
    [17] -1 0 0x0000dc00 - 0x0000dc1f (0x20) IX[b]
    [18] -1 0 0x0000d800 - 0x0000d81f (0x20) IX[b]
    [19] -1 0 0x0000d400 - 0x0000d41f (0x20) IX[b]
    [20] -1 0 0x0000d000 - 0x0000d0ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [21] 0 0 0x000003b0 - 0x000003bb (0xc) IS[b]
    [22] 0 0 0x000003c0 - 0x000003df (0x20) IS[b]
    (II) Setting vga for screen 0.
    (**) NVIDIA(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32
    (==) NVIDIA(0): RGB weight 888
    (==) NVIDIA(0): Default visual is TrueColor
    (==) NVIDIA(0): Using gamma correction (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
    (**) NVIDIA(0): Enabling RENDER acceleration
    (II) NVIDIA(0): NVIDIA GPU GeForce 6200 at PCI:1:0:0 (GPU-0)
    (--) NVIDIA(0): Memory: 131072 kBytes
    (--) NVIDIA(0): VideoBIOS: 05.44.a2.03.00
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Detected AGP rate: 4X
    (--) NVIDIA(0): Interlaced video modes are supported on this GPU
    (--) NVIDIA(0): Connected display device(s) on GeForce 6200 at PCI:1:0:0:
    (--) NVIDIA(0): AOC Spectrum7F (CRT-0)
    (--) NVIDIA(0): AOC Spectrum7F (CRT-0): 400.0 MHz maximum pixel clock
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Assigned Display Device: CRT-0
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Validated modes:
    (II) NVIDIA(0): "1024x768"
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Virtual screen size determined to be 1024 x 768
    (--) NVIDIA(0): DPI set to (81, 81); computed from "UseEdidDpi" X config
    (--) NVIDIA(0): option
    (--) Depth 24 pixmap format is 32 bpp
    (II) do I need RAC? No, I don't.
    (II) resource ranges after preInit:
    [0] 0 0 0xe9000000 - 0xe9ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b]
    [1] 0 0 0xd0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x10000000) MX[b]
    [2] 0 0 0xe8000000 - 0xe8ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b]
    [3] -1 0 0x00100000 - 0x3fffffff (0x3ff00000) MX[b]E(B)
    [4] -1 0 0x000f0000 - 0x000fffff (0x10000) MX[b]
    [5] -1 0 0x000c0000 - 0x000effff (0x30000) MX[b]
    [6] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x0009ffff (0xa0000) MX[b]
    [7] -1 0 0xeb021000 - 0xeb0210ff (0x100) MX[b]
    [8] -1 0 0xeb020000 - 0xeb0203ff (0x400) MX[b]
    [9] -1 0 0xe0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x0) MX[b]O
    [10] -1 0 0xe9000000 - 0xe9ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [11] -1 0 0xd0000000 - 0xdfffffff (0x10000000) MX[b](B)
    [12] -1 0 0xe8000000 - 0xe8ffffff (0x1000000) MX[b](B)
    [13] 0 0 0x000a0000 - 0x000affff (0x10000) MS[b](OprD)
    [14] 0 0 0x000b0000 - 0x000b7fff (0x8000) MS[b](OprD)
    [15] 0 0 0x000b8000 - 0x000bffff (0x8000) MS[b](OprD)
    [16] -1 0 0x0000ffff - 0x0000ffff (0x1) IX[b]
    [17] -1 0 0x00000000 - 0x000000ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [18] -1 0 0x0000e400 - 0x0000e4ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [19] -1 0 0x0000e000 - 0x0000e00f (0x10) IX[b]
    [20] -1 0 0x0000dc00 - 0x0000dc1f (0x20) IX[b]
    [21] -1 0 0x0000d800 - 0x0000d81f (0x20) IX[b]
    [22] -1 0 0x0000d400 - 0x0000d41f (0x20) IX[b]
    [23] -1 0 0x0000d000 - 0x0000d0ff (0x100) IX[b]
    [24] 0 0 0x000003b0 - 0x000003bb (0xc) IS[b](OprU)
    [25] 0 0 0x000003c0 - 0x000003df (0x20) IS[b](OprU)
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Setting mode "1024x768"
    (II) Loading extension NV-GLX
    (II) NVIDIA(0): NVIDIA 3D Acceleration Architecture Initialized
    (II) NVIDIA(0): Using the NVIDIA 2D acceleration architecture
    (==) NVIDIA(0): Backing store disabled
    (==) NVIDIA(0): Silken mouse enabled
    (II) Loading extension NV-CONTROL
    (==) RandR enabled
    (II) Initializing built-in extension MIT-SHM
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XInputExtension
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XTEST
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XKEYBOARD
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XC-APPGROUP
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XAccessControlExtension
    (II) Initializing built-in extension SECURITY
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XINERAMA
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XFIXES
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XFree86-Bigfont
    (II) Initializing built-in extension RENDER
    (II) Initializing built-in extension RANDR
    (II) Initializing built-in extension COMPOSITE
    (II) Initializing built-in extension DAMAGE
    (II) Initializing built-in extension XEVIE
    (II) Initializing extension GLX
    (**) Option "Protocol" "Auto"
    (**) Mouse1: Device: "/dev/input/mice"
    (**) Mouse1: Protocol: "Auto"
    (**) Option "CorePointer"
    (**) Mouse1: Core Pointer
    (**) Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
    (==) Mouse1: Emulate3Buttons, Emulate3Timeout: 50
    (**) Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
    (**) Mouse1: ZAxisMapping: buttons 4, 5, 6 and 7
    (**) Mouse1: Buttons: 11
    (**) Option "CoreKeyboard"
    (**) Keyboard1: Core Keyboard
    (**) Option "Protocol" "standard"
    (**) Keyboard1: Protocol: standard
    (**) Option "AutoRepeat" "500 30"
    (**) Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
    (**) Keyboard1: XkbRules: "xorg"
    (**) Option "XkbModel" "pc104"
    (**) Keyboard1: XkbModel: "pc104"
    (**) Option "XkbLayout" "us"
    (**) Keyboard1: XkbLayout: "us"
    (**) Option "CustomKeycodes" "off"
    (**) Keyboard1: CustomKeycodes disabled
    (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Keyboard1" (type: KEYBOARD)
    (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Mouse1" (type: MOUSE)
    (--) Mouse1: PnP-detected protocol: "ExplorerPS/2"
    (II) Mouse1: ps2EnableDataReporting: succeeded
    FreeFontPath: FPE "/usr/share/fonts/misc" refcount is 2, should be 1; fixing.

    No ... the problem is in the kernel that comes precompiled.
    I did this test.
    The first time I installed the kernel I unloaded nvidiafb since I dont like it.
    When I install nvidiafb back something strange happends. Nvidia module fails to load.
    The modprobe sais it cannot find the device nvidia.ko ... but it is there!
    So my best guess is, there is something with the kernel. Any ideas?
    Problem resolved, installed older driver
    Last edited by Nefer-Ra (2007-03-22 02:59:25)

  • Tutorial - How to triple boot OSX, Linux and Windows 8.1 with a shared Data Partition without any third party Win / OSX softwares

    This is not a question, but rather a personal guide that has proved to be running successfully.
    I would like to thank numerous sources, including Christopher Murphy's suggestions at:
    Re: Repairing Boot Camp after creating new partition
    Before proceeding, there are certain concepts needs to know:
    Why Boot Camp does NOT allow further partitioning of drives after Windows has installed?
    Answer: Because the way Apple configures the Mac to be recognized as non UEFI capable system on Windows.
    Quote from Christopher Murphy based on the above line:
    However, Windows on Macs right now use CSM-BIOS mode in Mac firmware that presents BIOS to Windows rather than EFI. Windows thinks it's on a BIOS computer, and therefore mandates the use of MBR for boot disks, rather than GPT. So that's why we have this hybrid MBR+GPT approach on Mac with Windows on it. You inherit the limitations of MBR, which is four primary partitions.
    So what does it means?
    It means that OSX + EFI + Recovery HD + Boot Camp partition = 4 primary partitions and thus any attempt to modify the disk will render booting issues of either system.
    For more info on GPT (GUID Partition Table disks VS Master Boot Record or MBR in short, you may visit: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn640535%28v=vs.85%29.a spx)
    So, how to overcome it?
    The general guideline is to install ALL GPT ready OS first then create a Data partition, before installing Windows (Which is again, NOT supported GPT due to EFI configuration by Apple where end-users are not able to modify it).
    Interestingly, since Mac Pro 2013 Late supports only Windows 8 and above, thus it is not known if this CSM-BIOS applies to it or not.
    Do take note that GPT disks in Windows can only be booted when the system meets the 2 requirements:
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn640535%28v=vs.85%29.a spx#gpt_faq_win7_boot
    1) Windows x64 version (Which is a must for newer Macs. If you cannot go to Boot Camp 5, then you need Windows 7 x86 or 32bit version)
    2) UEFI system. However, Windows sees all Macs (With the possibility of Mac Pro 2013 Late is an exception. To be determined) as BIOS, or rather NON-UEFI system.
    In short, booting on GPT disks is not possible for Mac in Windows.
    Summary,
    It is tested that a combination of the following will not work:
    - OSX + Windows + Linux
    - Windows + OSX + Linux
    - Windows + Linux + OSX
    Usually it can create the system un-bootable or OSX refused to install due to the system does not recognize such partitions and / or Disk Utility refused to format a free space. An example screen-shot is provided below:
    The error message is shown as
    Title: "Failed to erase volume" Message: "Failed to wipe volume, as an error occurred: MediaKit has reported that the device does not have enough free space to execute the requested operations."
    The second thing is about the preparations we need.
    1) 1X Windows 7 or 8 DVD or USB thumbdrive
    1A) If you uses a DVD to install, you will need another thumbdrive to load the BootCamp drivers for Windows as well as may requires an external DVD drive for newer Macs
    2) 1X Linux DVD of your choice. Personally I choose Fedora 20.
    So ready? Let's go.
    1. Using Disk Utility, shrink the OSX's partition size to what is needed. For me, I give OSX 150GB. Do NOT create any new partition.
    Disk Utility should see something like below whereby only OSX partition is left with desired disk space. The remaining space are to be unused disk space for the moment.
    Note: Click on the top most item that should start with the size of your HDD / SSD. Then clicked on "Partition" and specify the desired OSX size. Hit "Apply" after that.
    2: Download Boot Camp drivers only via Boot Camp Assistant. The USB thumbdrive shall be used later after Linux's installation.
    Boot Camp Assistant should see this:
    I have only selected "Download latest Windows Support Files from Apple"
    3. Insert Linux DVD, reboot Mac into EFI mode (The left most first "EFI mode").
    Note 1: Before rebooting, please plugged in an Ethernet adapter because Wi-Fi drivers is not installed.
    Note 2: For Thunderbolt adapters, it must be plugged in before reboot as hot-swapping is not supported under Linux. More on the tips at the end of this article.
    Note 3: Press and hold "Option" after the screen turns black. Release Option key after you see the image as below:

    For the unfortunate part that did not make it on time to edit the images:
    9. Install the Windows Support software from your CD/USB drive to gain full functionality of your computer. Reboot and go to Windows again.
    Note 1: You may choose to eject disc at this point of time. For Apple SuperDrive users, you will need to wait until the drivers (i.e. Boot Camp support files) is installed and rebooted before ejecting is reasonably possible (As I failed to figured out how to right click without the drivers)
    Note 2: Unlike Windows 7 on KBase article TS4599 Keyboard/trackpad inoperative, black screen, or alert messages when installing Windows 7, USB stick can be plugged in after the Windows installation is done. This is because Windows 7 (And probably Windows 7 with SP1 DVD) does not have a built in USB 3 drivers when it was released back in 2009 where USB3 has not arrived then.
    Note 3: Due to TPM, Bitlocker is not supported without the use of thumbdrives.
    10. Using Disk Management to determine the given drive letter for the DATA partition (DO NOT DELETE and RECREATE partition or else you can goodbye to booting Linux and OSX). Disk Management will not allow you to format it as exFAT / FAT32 in graphical way.
    Note: You may remove or modify some of the disk letters in Disk Management. However, do NOT remove / modfify the drive letter for the partition with 200MB size in HFS. This is because it will disallow booting of Linux and neither could Windows nor OSX can do anything EXCEPT to reinstall Linux only.
    11. Open Command Prompt in Administrator Mode (Important!!), and key in the following command:
    format F: /FS:exFAT
    Give this volume a label after it has successfully formatted before hitting "Enter" again.
    Note: Mine Data partition was assigned as F drive. Please make necessary adjustment to "F:" should your Data partition is assigned to other letters.
    12. After that, Setup your Data partition structure as you like.
    Tip: Minimally create the important folders such as:
    - Music
    - Documents
    - Movie (Videos)
    - Downloads
    - Pictures
    All these folders are commonly used by the 3 OSes. I do NOT recommend changing of /home (OSX and / or Linux) and / or user home directory (Windows) either partially or as a whole.
    This is because of compatibility issue.
    On a side note, iTunes Media Library used in OSX and Windows are NOT able to be use interchangably due to hard-coded path used.
    13. Useful troubleshooting in Fedora / Linux:
    With references to these:
    http://chaidarun.com/fedora-mbp
    http://anderson.the-silvas.com/2014/02/14/fedora-20-on-a-macbook-pro-13-late-201 3-retina-display/
    http://unencumberedbyfacts.com/2013/08/16/linux-on-a-macbook-pro-101/
    I would like to highlight a few important points:
    1) Wi-Fi driver:
    http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration
    Note 1: The sound driver should be installed at Out of Box Experience. However, the Wi-Fi is not.
    Note 2: Install both free and non-free repository. By the way, some other software like VLC can only be found after the Free Repository is installed.
    Search for "akmod-wl" in Gnome-Package-Installer in order to install Wi-Fi drivers
    Note 3: For those who do not have Ethernet adapters and their Mac does NOT have a built-in Ethernet port, it is recommended to get one. This is because Fedora 20 does not have a good support for iPhone USB tethering. Unsure for Andriod / Blackberry / Windows Phone users.
    2) Grub Menu:
    It will show several options to boot into OSX, even of the capability to boot into x86 or x64 mode. However, neither of them is bootable except Linux and the rescue.
    Hence, it is recommended to remove the items by hand in this file:
    /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg
    Command to be used:
    "sudo gedit /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg"
    Parts to be removed:
    - For any extra kernels, delete the target entry by locating the line "menuentry" under "/etc/grub.d/10_linux" sector to one line above the next "menuentry".
    It is recommended to keep one main kernel, and one recovery at the minimal.
    - For other OS, delete all the entry (Since neither it can works) under "/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober" sector without removing the lines starts with ###.
    Auto Mount exFAT partition:
    - After installing extra packages for exFAT support (Since it is not supported by Fedora 20 from a default installation), you may wish to edit "/etc/fstab" in order to mount the exFAT partition during boot time.
    Command to be used:
    "sudo gedit /etc/fstab"
    Add the following line in gedit:
    UUID=702D-912D /run/media/Samuel/DATA                   exfat    defaults        1 2
    Note 1: For DATA partition, OSX & Boot Camp partition, Fedora defaults mounts under: "/run/medua/<Username with case sensitive>/<Partition Label Name>"
    Note 2: UUID is unique ID. You can find out the UUID by:
    Step 1: First determine the DATA partition number:
    "sudo gdisk /dev/sda"
    Step 2: Determine the UUID of this partition number:
    "sudo blkid /dev/sda8"
    Reference 1: http://manpages.courier-mta.org/htmlman5/fstab.5.html
    Reference 2: http://liquidat.wordpress.com/2007/10/15/short-tip-get-uuid-of-hard-disks/
    3) Overheating CPU
    Solution is to issue the following command in Linux terminal: su -c "echo -n 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo"
    4) System resumes immediately after suspend
    Solution is to issue the following command in Linux terminal: su -c "echo XHC1 > /proc/acpi/wakeup"
    5) What does not works well out of box:
    - Both GNOME and KDE's fonts are too small to be readable for out of box experience. Additional configuration is a need. (Some of the info can be found on "More Tips" later)
    - Thunderbolt hotplugging is NOT supported under Windows and Linux so far. Neither FaceTime HD camera works as well.
    - The red light in Headphone jack is always on. I do not have luck in switching off the light without losing the sound.
    Note 1: It is determined that the module "snd_hda_intel" is used by both cards (HDMI and normal output)
    Note 2: It is also known that blacklisting it can switch off the redlight at the price of muting the system.
    Note: Based on this article, http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1574
    A Mac (Except Mac Pro) needs servicing when there is a red light while the system fails to detect internal speakers. However, this article does NOT applies to this issue.
    5A) More Tips:
    Install gnome-tweak-tool for more customization
    Search for: "gnome-package" to install:
    Install Gnome Package Installer for advanced package repository
    Install Gnome Package Updater for advanced updates to be install (Whereby Fedora's App Store alike might not show the relevant updates)
    14. Verify if disk is still GPT:
    Use Gdisk to determine if the disk is pure GPT:
    http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1742682
    Command: sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda (The entire hard drive)
    You should see the MBR is "Protective" instead of anything else.
    15. Congrats, the system is ready for triple boot. (I forgot to eject my Windows DVD when the photo was taken)
    Note 1: You cannot set the default startup disk in Linux due to the lack of Boot Camp Control Panel in Linux.
    Neither is changing startup disk recommended in Windows due to the inability to display correctly.
    For me, I click "Cancel" whenever I am on this tab (Feel free to make other Boot Camp adjustments in other tabs).
    Only OSX I know that can show the startup disk options correctly.
    Note 2: For some reason, OSX likes to auto mount the EFI partition everytime it boots up. It is not known to have any issue for ejecting other disks or mounting disks via Disk Utility.
    Note 3: It is not determined if any Firmware or System upgrades will cause issues. It is only known that all 3 OS's regular updates should not be an issue.
    System Updates excludes Mac OSX 10.9.3 updates to OSX 10.9.4 type as I had done it on a OSX 10.9.4 Mac or Windows 8.1 to Windows 8.1 Update 1 since my Windows DVD comes with Update 1.
    System Upgrades refers to OSX Mavericks to Yosemite, Fedora 20 to Fedora 21, Windows 8.1 Update 1 to Windows 8.2 / Windows 9 for that matter.
    Note 4: Reset SMC and / or PRAM will NOT affect your ability to boot any of the OS (OSX, Recovery HD, Fedora & Windows 8)
    Yup, that is it!

  • [SOLVED-partly] Linux and no internet connection

    Well, since mid November I have nothing but problems with my Arch Linux machine. I can't get any internet connection on that machine. I have a network at home with 2 windows machines (XP & Vista), a Windows 2003 server running as an Exchange server and DNS server and Domain controller and ps3, xbox 360 and Wii. The two windows machines run on a static IP, the ps3, xbox 360 and Wii run on dhcp. All machines run on LAN through a switch except the Wii it runs on wireless. Now my Arch Linux machine also runs on static IP set up as described in the installation guide via rc.conf, hosts and resolv.conf. As mentioned earlier since mid November I haven't been able to get any internet connection on that machine. I haven't changed anythnig in my setup on the machine or the network. when i start the machine for the first time during a day I actually do the get internet connection and network connection but if I restart then I lose it. I am not able to ping the gateway or the DNS server. I can get interrnet back again I turn off the machine and turn off the motherboard and let the machine cool off for 20 minutes. Then if I turn it on again I have internet again but if i'll have to restart then the problem reappears.
    After two weeks with this issue I decided to get network card but that didn't help either I still had the problem. Then I simply bought a new machine (DELL Studio) and did a fresh installation of Arch and STILL the problem exists and it is driving me FREAKING CRAZY NOW!!! I tried to my machine on dhcp but still the same issue. internet on first boot, reboot no internet or network, shutdown machine and motherboard (unplug machine) --> internet again after waiting 20 minutes. None of my other machines running windows or the consoles have problems getting internet. I've tried to run distros on the machines (Ubuntu Live CD) but I have the same problem. I am very close to going back to windows and I REALLY don't want to (been using Linux since 2003) but this problem here is a show stopper/EPIC FAIL. I am very very happy with Arch Linux and really don't want to change distro either. I need suggestions now on what I can look for in order to find the problem. I've already changed network cards, bought a new machine and even bought new switch because we thought it might be the switch causing the problems (8 port switch) because turning off the switch would give me my internet back. Again it is only my Linux machine that is having the connection problems none of the other machines have those.
    PLEASE HELP!!!
    Kind Regards
    André
    Last edited by fettouhi (2008-12-19 07:27:01)

    Well, I celebrated a bit to fast after 30 minutes or so I lost internet connection but not by restarting. I didn't use the computer for like 30 minutes and when I did tried to open a browser nothing happended. I tried then to ping the gateway and the server but couldn't reach them. So I turned off the computer completely for 20 minutes and then I started again and chenged the DNS address from my server to the DNS addresses I get directly from my ISP. So I'm going around the server now and seems to work for now. This morning I could start the machine and restart it 2 times and every time I had internet. Hope this solves it for now, still don't understand what the problem is though.
    Regards
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  • Problem in reading no. of files and writing into a single file

    Hi,
    Iam with Problem in reading no. of files and writing into a single file....
    Iam reading no. of files stored in local directory.......
    Iam able to read and print the data in files successfully....but while writing..only first file is being written...and the next files are not written in my output file...
    plz tell me my mistake....I hope Iam doing some mistake while writing into file...PLz help.....
    Basically my code structure is like this....
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.regex.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.text.*;
    import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
    class Writing {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
              FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("ServerResult.xls"); //my output file
              int counter = 1;
              File dir = new File("C:/Perform/ServerLogs");
              String[] children = dir.list();
              if( children == null)
                   System.out.println("The Directory mentioned does not exist");
              else {
                   for (int fileNo = 0; fileNo < children.length; fileNo++ ) {        //Files iteration starts
                        String filename = children[fileNo];
              File logFile = new File(filename);
    FileReader logFileReader = new FileReader(logFile);
    BufferedReader logReader = new BufferedReader(logFileReader);
    StringBuffer sBuf = new StringBuffer(5000);
              HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();          
              HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();
              HSSFRow rowTitle;
              HSSFRow rowReq;
              HSSFRow rowRes;
    String aLine = null;
    boolean skip = false;
    boolean readed = false;
    boolean initReq = false;
              boolean flag = false;
    long requestTime = 0;
    long responseTime = 0;
    long recdTime = 0;
    long sentTime = 0;
              long hasTime = 0;
              long presentTime = 0;
              int hasCalls = 0;
    Pattern startMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern requestMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"RequestMsg.\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*<ActName>(.*)</ActName>.*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern requestMessage1 = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"RequestMsg.\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*<Svc id=\"(.*)\">.*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern responseMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"ResponseMsg\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern initMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"HostConnInit\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern initResMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"ResponseMsg\".*ID=\"null\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    Pattern initResIDMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"ResponseMsg\".*ID=\"null\".*<IATA>"+args[0]+"</IATA>.*", Pattern.DOTALL);
              Pattern sentMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"DCMsgSentInfo\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
              Pattern rcvdMessage = Pattern.compile("^<MESSAGE.*TS=\"(.*)\" CATEGORY=\"DCMsgRcvdInfo\".*ID=\".*_"+args[0]+"\".*", Pattern.DOTALL);
    SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
    DecimalFormat dcf = new DecimalFormat("########.##");
    String actName = "";
              if (fileNo ==0)
              rowTitle = sheet.createRow((short)0);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)0).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)0).setCellValue("Req/Res");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)1).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)1).setCellValue("Action");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)2).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("Server Time(in ms)");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)3).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)3).setCellValue("Request Vs Response Time in Server(in ms)");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)4).setCellValue("Time Taken By HAS/HOST(in ms)");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)5).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)5).setCellValue("No. of HAS calls");
              rowTitle.createCell((short)6).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
              rowTitle.createCell((short)6).setCellValue("Data Size");
              //wb.write(fileOut);
    while((aLine=logReader.readLine()) != null) {
    if(aLine.startsWith("<MESSAGE TYPE=\"EVENT\"")) {
    Matcher m = startMessage.matcher(aLine);
    if(m.find()) {
    sBuf.setLength(0);
    sBuf.append(aLine);
    skip = false;
    initReq = false;
    m = initMessage.matcher(aLine);
    if(m.find()) {
    initReq = true;
    } else {
    if(initReq) {
    m = initResMessage.matcher(aLine);
    if(m.find()) {
    sBuf.setLength(0);
    sBuf.append(aLine);
    skip = false;
    } else if(aLine.startsWith("</MESSAGE>")) {
    if(!skip) {
    sBuf.append(aLine);
    readed = true;
    } else if(!skip){
    sBuf.append(aLine);
    if(!skip && readed) {
    String tempStr = sBuf.toString();
    if(tempStr.length() > 0) {
    boolean reqMatched = false;
    Matcher m = null;
    if(initReq) {
    m = initMessage.matcher(tempStr);
    actName = "Intialization";
    } else {
    m = requestMessage.matcher(tempStr);
    String time = "";
    if(m.find()) {
    reqMatched = true;
    for (int i=1; i<=m.groupCount(); i++) {
    String groupStr = m.group(i);
    if(i == 1) {
    time = groupStr;
    } else if(i == 2) {
    actName = groupStr;
    } else if(!initReq){
    m = requestMessage1.matcher(tempStr);
    if(m.find()) {
    reqMatched = true;
    for (int i=1; i<=m.groupCount(); i++) {
    String groupStr = m.group(i);
    if(i == 1) {
    time = groupStr;
    } else if(i == 2) {
    actName = groupStr;
    if(time.length() > 0 ) {
    try{
    requestTime = sdf.parse(time).getTime();
    }catch(Exception ex){}
    System.out.println("Request,"+actName+","+time+",,,,"+dcf.format(((double)time.length()/1024.0))+"K");
                                  //bw.write("Request,"+actName+","+time+",,,,"+dcf.format(((double)time.length()/1024.0))+"K");
                                  String reqDataSize = dcf.format(((double)time.length()/1024.0))+"K" ;
                                  rowReq = sheet.createRow((short)counter);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)0).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)0).setCellValue("Request");
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)1).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(actName);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)2).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)2).setCellValue(time);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)3).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)3).setCellValue("");
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)4).setCellValue("");
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)5).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)5).setCellValue("");
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)6).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                       rowReq.createCell((short)6).setCellValue(reqDataSize);
                                       counter = counter +1;
                                       System.out.println("counter is "+counter);
                             Matcher l = sentMessage.matcher(tempStr);
                             Matcher k = rcvdMessage.matcher(tempStr);
                   if(l.find()) {
                                            for (int i=1; i<=l.groupCount(); i++) {
         String groupStr2 = l.group(i);
    try{
    sentTime = sdf.parse(groupStr2).getTime();
    }catch(Exception ex){}
                        if(k.find())
                                                 for(int j=1;j<=k.groupCount(); j++) {
                                                 String groupStr1 = k.group(j);
                                                 try{
    recdTime = sdf.parse(groupStr1).getTime();
    }catch(Exception ex){}
                                                 presentTime = (recdTime - sentTime);
                                                 hasTime = hasTime + presentTime;
                                                 hasCalls = hasCalls +1;
    if(!reqMatched) {
    if(initReq) {
    m=initResIDMessage.matcher(tempStr);
    } else {
    m=responseMessage.matcher(tempStr);
    if(m.find()) {
    for (int i=1; i<=m.groupCount(); i++) {
    String groupStr = m.group(i);
    try{
    responseTime = sdf.parse(groupStr).getTime();
    }catch(Exception ex){}
                                                 String resDataSize = dcf.format(((double)tempStr.length()/1024.0))+"K" ;
                                                 rowRes = sheet.createRow((short)(counter));
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)0).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)0).setCellValue("Response");
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)1).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(actName);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)2).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)2).setCellValue(groupStr);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)3).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)3).setCellValue((responseTime - requestTime));
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)4).setCellValue(hasTime);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)5).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)5).setCellValue(hasCalls);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)6).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                                                 rowRes.createCell((short)6).setCellValue(resDataSize);
                                                 hasTime = 0;
                                                 hasCalls = 0;
                                                 counter = counter + 1 ;
    sBuf.setLength(0);
    readed = false;
              wb.write(fileOut);
              } // End of for (int fileNo = 0; fileNo < children.length; fileNo++ )
    }     //End of else
              fileOut.close();
    } //End of public static void main
    } // End of Class

    First of all, use [code]-tags to make your code readable, please.
    I didn't do a complete inspection of your code (because it's too much and unreadable as it is) and I don't know POI, but creating a new HSSFWorkbook for each input file sounds fishy to me ... try re-using the workbook and just creating a new sheet in each iteration.

  • Installing linux and unix on my macbook pro without using vmware

    I was browsing through the forum and bumped into a topic where the best advice for installing linux application is the following:
    http://macdevcenter.com/lpt/a/7073
    However, I have not tested this out therefore I am pretty reluctant to put this on my laptop which is currently running MAC OS X 10.5.8. (4gb ram). If anyone have done this please let me know.
    1) My question: Is this a reliable method to run linux applications on MAC OS natively using the x11 from Apple?
    Note: I have vmware and I personally don't prefer booting a separate OS on my computer just to use one or two apps. However if that is the only solution I already have ubuntu running on my vmware. Also I wanted to completely wipe off my vmware and the ISO images (ubuntu and win xp) to free up the space in my hard drive. If I have to use ubuntu which may be a "safer solution" than run linux applications on my hard drive then I will stick to the vmware method.
    If someone could give me some insight in this topic then I would greatly appreciated their help.
    p.s. I want to install xilinx web-pack and other useful softwares that are only available in linux, ubuntu and win xp/vista/w7. My goal is to completely transform my laptop from dual booting ubuntu and win xp to just run mac snow leopard (in the near future).
    Thanks in advance,
    Pirakalan S.
    Message was edited by: Pirakalan S.

    Basically I want to run linux and unix applications without running vmware on my mac os x. I heard there is a way to use x11 and FinkCommander (http://finkcommander.sourceforge.net/) application. However, I am unable to figure out how to install programs such as xilinx ise (http://www.xilinx.com/ise/logicdesignprod/foundation.htm) on my MacBook Pro using FinkCommander. In addition, xilinx ise runs on linux and windows however not mac.
    In simple words I want to solely use Leapord (not snow leapord) to run applications such xilinx ise (which is only available on windows platform or linux).
    I recently shifted from windows xp platform to mac and I rarely use vmware after making the shift. Therefore, I am trying to find a solution where I don't require vmware at all, my plan is to remove vmware from my hard drive.
    I just restated what I stated in the previous post in a simpler manner, sorry for any miscommunication on the earlier post. I am looking for a step by guide to install linux applications on my mac. I am at a process of learn linux at the moment so I am kind of slow when it comes to linux and mac. Especially when it comes to installing using command line not GUI.
    I just want to know if there is a solution out there for running linux based applications to run on my mac.

  • Just upgraded to Mavericks. Now I cannot access scans from my hp scanner. After it complete the scans and I try to save as tiff, jpeg or pdf I get a either a grey blur or a message that says cannot save because the file cannot be written to.

    Just upgraded to Mavericks. Now I cannot access scans from my hp scanner. After it complete the scans and I try to save as tiff, jpeg or pdf I get a either a grey blur or a message that says cannot save because the file cannot be written to. I did not have any problems before the upgrade. I would greatly appreciate any light shed on this.

    Go to the HP site and look for drivers for your scanner. It apparently needs an updated driver to work with Mavericks.

  • AWT, linux and xserver

    hello
    i have a servlet which manipulate gif images
    it works on my local machine (WinXP)
    but when i try to run it on a linux server mandrake (with apache)
    it fails.
    knowing that in the first execution i have the following error
    "Can`t connect to X11 window server using `:0.0` as the value of the DISPLAY variable."
    And after i always still have the following error:
    "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: sun/awt/motif/MToolkit
    at org.apache.jserv.JServConnection.processRequest(JServConnection.java:
    320)
    at org.apache.jserv.JServConnection.run(JServConnection.java:188)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:475)"
    i think that this problem occurs in my servlet when executing this instruction:
    Image awtImage = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage (...)
    the Xserver is already activated on my linux server
    the enviroment variable DISPLAY has the value:
    DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
    (notice i try DISPLAY=:0.0 and DISPLAY=131.107.0.40:0.0 and DISPLAY=:0
    but i have also exactly the same errors)
    i had execute "xhost +localhost" to allow my machine(which is the linux server)
    to access the Xserver
    knowing that i run my servlet on the same machine
    do you have any idea?
    thanks
    hajar

    Does your linux server have a monitor attached to it? I have run into numerous problems with Solaris machines running "off the shelf" graphics software (JClass ServerChart, NetBeans NetCharts, etc) where headless machines (i.e. no monitor) will not render the graphics. What you need is the xvfb application (X Virtual Frame Buffer). (A nice beefy 80MB download....) I apologize, I don't have the URL on where you can get it, try google. Essentially what happens is there is no where for the machine to push windows for rendering, even if you have an XServer running. xvfb acts as a virtual monitor (frame buffer). What you are experiencing sounds very similar. If you do have a monitor attached to it, completely disregard this and disavow all knowledge of my existence.... :-)

  • Oracle DB sessions on Linux and Windows

    Actually I am confused the way session memory is allocated on 32 bit windows and linux OS.
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    Linux is a process based architecture where each user session is treated as a separate process and has its own addressable space. Even on 32bit linux the addressable space is 4GB i.e. 2GB for process and 2GB for kernel. It means we need to accommodate our SGA and PGA in the 2GB limit (there are ways to increase the size of SGA but let assume we are doing nothing to raise the 2GB limit).
    As PGA is allocated for every session when it connects with database.
    My question is how PGA memory is allocated against a database session on linux.
    To further clarify my question I am stating the results of an experiment that I did on linux and windows.
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    Then I did the same experiment on Red Hat Linux. SGA size was 1633MB and where as PGA aggregate target was only 10MB. I was unable to start instance when I set the SGA size more than 1633MB.
    With that setting I was able to connect more than 200 sessions with database inspite of running query doing heavy sort in 4 sessions without getting ORA-12500 error. I was even able to connect more than 400 sessions with database after setting PGA aggregate target to 1GB on Linux.
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    Perhaps the problem is easier to understand if you leave PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET out of this issue completely.
    The out of memory problem you had, has nothing to do with PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET setting directly. The difference in number of processes comes from architectural differences in how Oracle uses memory in windows vs unix.
    On windows the SGA + ALL PGAs must fit into one 4GB address space (in practice even smaller as youve noticed). This is because there's only one process, oracle.exe. One process = one address space.
    On Unix, you have many processes and every process can use portion of their own address space for PGA.
    So, on windows (32bit) you run out of address space for the single oracle.exe process. On unix you dont hit this limit just because the number of processes grows (but if some process wants to use a lot of PGA memory, then they eventually run out of address space (talking about 32bit again))
    On unix you probably ran into another limit - amount of total usable virtual memory (RAM+swap) available in your system
    Tanel Poder
    http://blog.tanelpoder.com

  • Ecc 6.0 on completely free os and db

    hi, can sap ecc 6.0 be installed on a completely free OS and db.  it seems like the only supported versions of linux are suse and redhat, which both cost money.
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    this is for a sandbox only type system, w/trial versions of sap, so no support from sap required.
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    thank you.

    > hi, can sap ecc 6.0 be installed on a completely free OS and db.  it seems like the only supported versions of linux are suse and redhat, which both cost money.
    You can use CentOS, it's a "Redhat clone" and use the same sources as Redhat. Just the RedHat branding is removed but apart from that it's identical. I did a few (test) installations before and it works.
    > could it be installed, but just not supported on something like ubuntu?
    Technically it may be possible, however, SAP is an enterprise system and the costs for the OS compared to implementation costs are marginal.
    > this is for a sandbox only type system, w/trial versions of sap, so no support from sap required.
    Try CentOS.
    > for db, would sap maxdb be the way to go?
    Even if you need "no support" you have to license the database, no matter which one you use. MaxDB may be the "cheapest" alternative compared to all other databases.
    Markus

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