Converting a PDF to pure black and white

I'm currently attempting to convert a PDF of any colorspace (RGB, CMYK, Grayscale etc) to black and white.
Currently I'm walking the PDF using Adobe PDFLibrary, separating the contained PDEElements and identifying them (Image, text, etc).
Does anyone have any advice on how to proceed from here? I figure the actual conversion operation will have to be written from scratch, as Adobe doesn't seem to support this. However, I'm having a hard time determining the colors of each object. I suppose I could rasterize everything and convert pixel by pixel, but I'd like to avoid that and preserve vector images and such if at all possible.
Thanks in advance for any help!

Yes, I'm aware that there is no monochrome colorspace. However, wouldn't it be possible (likely at a very low level) to fetch and modify the colors of elements manually?
I suspect the initial thing to do is convert images to the DeviceGray colorspace and work from there, so I have a uniform colorspace to work with when performing this operation.
I've noticed that if I pull the ImageData object out of a PDEImage, I get an array of bytes that appear to be pixel by pixel color data. Now, in doing this have I rasterized the image? What would happen to vector images if this array were to be modified?

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