Difference between part appraisal and further participants in OSA

what is the difference (process-wise) between part-appraisers and further participants?

Hi,
Part appraisers ard final appraiser are the ones who can give notes to the employees.
Further participants, however, cannot give notes.
Regards,
Dilek

Similar Messages

[svn] 4112: Further work for FXG to SWF transcoding - checking in some work resulting from collaborating with Kaushal to correct FXG transforms and gradient transforms as well as cater for differences between Java AffineTransform and the SWF Matrix type .

Revision: 4112
Author: [email protected]
Date: 2008-11-14 10:05:42 -0800 (Fri, 14 Nov 2008)
Log Message:
Further work for FXG to SWF transcoding - checking in some work resulting from collaborating with Kaushal to correct FXG transforms and gradient transforms as well as cater for differences between Java AffineTransform and the SWF Matrix type.
QE: Not yet.
Doc: No
Checkintests: Pass
Reviewer: Kaushal
Modified Paths:
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/GraphicContentNode.java
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/fills/LinearGradientFillNode.java
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/fills/RadialGradientFillNode.java
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/strokes/LinearGradientStrokeNode.j ava
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/strokes/RadialGradientStrokeNode.j ava
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/swf/AbstractFXGGraphics.java
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/swf/TypeHelper.java
Added Paths:
flex/sdk/trunk/modules/swfutils/src/java/flash/fxg/dom/ScalableGradientNode.java

Main difference between 4.6c and ecc 5.0

Hi,
Please give me brief about difference between 4.6c and ECC 5.0
Thanks,
Asha

Hi Asha,
you can see in Tcode : UCCHECK .you modify the objects in unicode conversion.some functionality didn't support in ECC 5.0.
this is the brief documentation of that TCODE.
BAP Unicode Scan Tool UCCHECK
You can use transaction UCCHECK to examine a Unicode program set for syntax errors without having to set the program attribute "Unicode checks active" for every individual program. From the list of Unicode syntax errors, you can go directly to the affected programs and remove the errors. It is also possible to automatically create transport requests and set the Unicode program attribute for a program set.
Some application-specific checks, which draw your attention to program points that are not Unicode-compatible, are also integrated.
Selection of Objects:
The program objects can be selected according to object name, object type, author (TADIR), package, and original system. For the Unicode syntax check, only object types for which an independent syntax check can be carried out are appropriate. The following object types are possibilities:
PROG Report
CLAS Class
FUGR Function groups
FUGX Function group (with customer include, customer area)
FUGS Function group (with customer include, SAP area)
LDBA Logical Database
CNTX Context
TYPE Type pool
INTF Interface
Only Examine Programs with Non-Activated Unicode Flag
By default, the system only displays program objects that have not yet set the Unicode attribute. If you want to use UCCHECK to process program objects that have already set the attribute, you can deactivate this option.
Only Objects with TADIR Entry
By default, the system only displays program objects with a TADIR entry. If you want to examine programs that don't have a TADIR entry, for example locally generated programs without a package, you can deactivate this option.
Exclude Packages $*
By default, the system does not display program objects that are in a local, non-transportable package. If you want to examine programs that are in such a package, you can deactivate this option.
Display Modified SAP Programs Also
By default, SAP programs are not checked in customer systems. If you also want to check SAP programs that were modified in a customer system (see transaction SE95), you can activate this option.
Maximum Number of Programs:
To avoid timeouts or unexpectedly long waiting times, the maximum number of program objects is preset to 50. If you want to examine more objects, you must increase the maximum number or run a SAMT scan (general program set processing). The latter also has the advantage that the data is stored persistently. Proceed as follows:
- Call transaction SAMT
- Create task with program RSUNISCAN_FINAL, subroutine SAMT_SEARCH
For further information refer to documentation for transaction SAMT.
Displaying Points that Cannot Be Analyzed Statically
If you choose this option, you get an overview of the program points, where a static check for Unicode syntax errors is not possible. This can be the case if, for example, parameters or field symbols are not typed or you are accessing a field or structure with variable length/offset. At these points the system only tests at runtime whether the code is sufficient for the stricter Unicode tests. If possible, you should assign types to the variables used, otherwise you must check runtime behavior after the Unicode attribute has been set.
To be able to differentiate between your own and foreign code (for example when using standard includes or generated includes), there is a selection option for the includes to be displayed. By default, the system excludes the standard includes of the view maintenance LSVIM* from the display, because they cause a large number of messages that are not relevant for the Unicode conversion. It is recommended that you also exclude the generated function group-specific includes of the view maintenance (usually L<function group name>F00 and L<function group name>I00) from the display.
Similarly to the process in the extended syntax check, you can hide the warning using the pseudo comment ("#EC *).
Applikation-Specific Checks
These checks indicate program points that represent a public interface but are not Unicode-compatible. Under Unicode, the corresponding interfaces change according to the referenced documentation and must be adapted appropriately.
View Maintenance
Parts of the view maintenance generated in older releases are not Unicode-compatible. The relevant parts can be regenerated with a service report.
UPLOAD/DOWNLOAD
The function modules UPLOAD, DOWNLOAD or WS_UPLOAD and WS_DOWNLOAD are obsolete and cannot run under Unicode. Refer to the documentation for these modules to find out which routines serve as replacements.
cheers,
sekhar.

Difference between include structure and Append structure

Could you please tell me
I have bsis table and it contains append structure in 4.7 SAP System.
my program in 4.7 system contains internal table which used same structure of bsis table ( which contains additonal field in its append structure ).
I need to have same table structure in 4.6 C because I am copying the same program into 4.6 system.
As I could not append structure to bsis table in 4.6C SAP system,
instead of that shall I add the field or Shall include the structure to run .
What is the difference between Include structure and Append structure ( I forgot )
How to achieve this please help me ?

Hi ,
As you know append structure can be used only once in table ,that to at last of all entries,
Append structures are used for enhancements that are not included in the standard. This includes special developments, country versions and adding customer fields to any tables or structures.
An append structure is a structure that is assigned to exactly one table or structure. There can be more than one append structure for a table or structure.
The following enhancements can be made to a table or structure TAB with an append structure:
Insert new fields in TAB,
Define foreign keys for fields of TAB that already exist,
Attach search helps to fields of TAB that already exist,
These enhancements are part of the append structure, i.e. they must always be changed and transported with the append structure.
When a table or structure is activated, all the append structures of the table are searched and the fields of these append structures are added to the table or structure. Foreign keys and search help attachments added using the append structure are also added to the table. If an append structure is created or changed, the table or structure assigned to it is also adjusted to these changes when the append structure is activated.
Since the order of the fields in the ABAP Dictionary can differ from the order of the fields on the database, adding append structures or inserting fields in such append structures does not result in a table conversion.
The customer creates append structures in the customer namespace. The append structure is thus protected against overwriting during an upgrade. The fields in the append structure should also reside in the customer namespace, that is the field names should begin with ZZ or YY. This prevents name conflicts with fields inserted in the table by SAP.
The new versions of the standard tables are imported after an upgrade, and the fields, foreign key definitions and search help attachments contained in the append structures are added to the new standard tables at activation.
A standard table contains the fields Field 1, Field 2 and Field 3. An append structure containing the fields ZZA and ZZB is defined for this table. After activating the table, the corresponding database table contains fields Field 1, Field 2, Field 3, ZZA and ZZB.
Further Remarks:
An append structure can only be assigned to exactly one table or structure. If you want to append the same fields to several tables or structures, you can store these fields in an include structure. In this case you must create an append structure for each of these tables or structures and include the include structure there.
Adding an append structure to an SAP standard table is supported by the Modification Assistant.
If you want to insert a field that is to be delivered with the R/3 standard in the next Release in the customer system in advance, you must include it in the table itself as a repair. If you include such a field in an append structure for the table, it will occur twice when the new standard table is imported. This will result in an activation error.
No append structures may be added to tables with long fields (data types VARC, LCHR or LRAW). This is because a long field must always be the last field in the table. However, structures with long fields can be enhanced with append structures.
If a table or structure with an append structure is copied, the fields of the append structure become fields of the target table. Foreign key definitions and search help attachments appended with the append structure are copied to the target table.
Foreign keys for the appended fields must be defined within the append structure. Fields of the table or structure assigned to the append structure may be defined when assigning the key field and foreign key field.
Indexes on the appended fields must be defined in the original table.
A table or structure TAB can only be enhanced with new foreign keys or search help attachments using an append structure. You therefore cannot change an existing foreign key definition or search help attachment for a field of TAB with the append structure.
Thanks
Manju

Differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP

Hi Friends,
Can any one explain the differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP in brief ? pls explain the most important ( atleast 3 or 4 points ). pls don't give me any other links, i will appreciate for good responses... and will be awarded with full points...
Thanks and Regards
Vijaya

Hi
Core ABAP (procedural) works with Event driven, subroutine driven one
OOPS ABAP works on the OOPS concepts like Inheritance, polymorphism,abstraction and encapsulation.
see the doc
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
Implementation
Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
"Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
Advanced Topics
Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
OOPs ABAP uses Classes and Interfaces which uses Methods and events.
If you have Java skills it is advantage for you.
There are Local classes as well as Global Classes.
Local classes we can work in SE38 straight away.
But mostly it is better to use the Global classes.
Global Classes or Interfaces are to be created in SE24.
SAP already given some predefined classes and Interfaces.
This OOPS concepts very useful for writing BADI's also.
So first create a class in SE 24.
Define attributes, Methods for that class.
Define parameters for that Method.
You can define event handlers also to handle the messages.
After creation in each method write the code.
Methods are similar to ABAP PERFORM -FORM statements.
After the creation of CLass and methods come to SE38 and create the program.
In the program create a object type ref to that class and with the help of that Object call the methods of that Class and display the data.
Regards
Anji

Differences between SharePoint 2007 and 2013 security options?

Hi,
We just did a test upgrade from Sharepoint 2007 to Sharepoint 2013 by copying over the content database. One thing we are noticing is that users who had permissions to upload to a document library no longer have that option in 2013. Is there a difference
between the 2007 and 2013 "contribute" permission?
What can I do to fix this issue?
thanks,
Sherazad

their is no difference between 2007 & 2013 for Contribute premission.
Contribute having the same rights in 2007 and 2010.
Read permissions, plus:
Add Items
Edit Items
Delete Items
Delete Versions
Browse Directories
Edit Personal User Information
Manage Personal Views
Add/Remove Personal Web Parts
Update Personal Web Parts
You can further check here:
SP 2013: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721640.aspx
Moss 2007: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721640(v=office.12).aspx
May be you edit the Contribute permission level, make sure its on its default.
Please remember to mark your question as answered &Vote helpful,if this solves/helps your problem. ****************************************************************************************** Thanks -WS MCITP(SharePoint 2010, 2013) Blog: http://wscheema.com/blog

Difference between sy-tabix and sy-index?

tell me about sy-tabix and sy-index?what is the difference between sy-tabix and sy-index?
Moderator Message: Please search before posting. Read the [Forum Rules Of Engagement |https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/HOME/RulesofEngagement] for further details.
Edited by: Suhas Saha on Jun 18, 2011 5:33 PM

HI,
Here is a brief description of difference between SY_TABIX and SY_INDEX and using them with several conditions.
SY-TABIX
Current line of an internal table. SY-TABIX is set by the statements below, but only for index tables. The field is either not set or is set to 0 for hashed tables.
APPEND sets SY-TABIX to the index of the last line of the table, that is, it contains the overall number of entries in the table.
COLLECT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the existing or inserted line in the table. If the table has the type HASHED TABLE, SY-TABIX is set to 0.
LOOP AT sets SY-TABIX to the index of the current line at the beginning of each loop lass. At the end of the loop, SY-TABIX is reset to the value that it had before entering the loop. It is set to 0 if the table has the type HASHED TABLE.
READ TABLE sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line read. If you use a binary search, and the system does not find a line, SY-TABIX contains the total number of lines, or one more than the total number of lines. SY-INDEX is undefined if a linear search fails to return an entry.
SEARCH <itab> FOR sets SY-TABIX to the index of the table line in which the search string is found.
SY-INDEX
In a DO or WHILE loop, SY-INDEX contains the number of loop passes including the current pass.
Hope this helps.
Thank you,
Pavan.

What is difference between bex analyser and bex browser

what is difference between bex analyser and bex browser . please explain what are use of both and what we do in both.

hi
Bex Browser
The Business Explorer Browser (BEx Browser) makes it possible for you to access all document types of the Business Information Warehouse that are assigned to your role or that you have stored in your favorites. You can select and open documents assigned to you in the BEx Browser or store and manage new documents in the BEx Browser.
Document types that you can work with in the BEx Browser are:
· BW workbooks
· Documents that are stored in the Business Document Service (BDS)
· Links (references to file system, shortcuts)
· Links to internet sites (URLs)
· SAP transaction calls.
· Web applications and Web templates
· Crystal Reports
Bex Analyser
The Business Explorer Analyzer (BEx Analyzer) is the analysis and reporting tool of the Business Explorer that is embedded in Microsoft Excel.
Features
You can call up the BEx Query Designer in the BEx Analyzer, in order to define queries. Subsequently, you can analyze the selected InfoProvider data by navigation to the query created in the Query Designer and create different query views of the data. You can add the different query views for a query or for different queries to a work book and save them there. You can save the workbook in your favorites or in your role on the BW Server. You can also save the workbook locally on your computer.
Beyond that, you can precalculate the workbook and distribute it by e-mail to recipeients or you can export it to the Enterprise Portal and make it accessible to other employees in the company.
You can start queries in a standard view (with a Standard Web Template set up in Customizing) in the Web browser and forward the URL or continue to navigate on the Web. Similarly, you can export the Web query to MS Excel 2000.
Overview of the Functional Area of the BEx Analyzer:
·        BEx toolbar
You access the functions of the BEx Analyzer from the BEx toolbar, which takes you to the BEx Open dialog box where you can open existing queries, or to the BEx Query Designer where you can create new queries or change existing queries.
·        Evaluating Query Data
The BEx Analyzer offers convenient functions for evaluating and presenting InfoProvider data interactively. In the BEx Analyzer, you can add queries to workbooks, navigate within them and refresh the data. You can also process the queries further in Microsoft Excel or display them in the Web browser in a default view.
Navigation of a query allows you, for example, to filter characteristics on a single value, drilldown on all values for a characteristic, regroup characteristics and key figures in the rows and columns of the results area, or hide key figures. Navigation results in different views of the InfoProvider data. In addition, a range of further functions is available which allow you to edit a query interactively (for example, sorting, cumulated output, among others). In addition, you can use the editing functions in Microsoft Excel in order to set up individual format templates, to print results areas, or to create graphics.
·        Queries in Workbooks
Queries are inserted into workbooks so you can display them. When you insert a query, a link is made between the cell areas of the worksheet and the data of the InfoProvider upon which the query is based. A link therefore exists between the Business Explorer and the Business Information Warehouse Server (BW Server).
When inserting a query into the workbook, a VBA routine is automatically generated in the workbook. You can also connect the Business Explorer with your own VBA programs (Visual Basic for Applications).
You can create workbook templates, into which you can insert your queries. Workbook templates can contain pre-determined items for the area of the query, formatting settings, logos, VBA macros, and so on.
·        Precalculating workbooks
You can precalculate and distribute workbooks with the BEx Broadcaster, which is a Web application you get to form the BEx toolbar. The system generates MS Excel workbooks with historical data. You determine the time for precalculation yourself: You can have workbooks precalculated at a predefined time or they can be precalculated whenever data in the underlying InfoProvider changes. You can have the precalculated workbooks sent by e-mail or you can export them into the Enterprise Portal, where you can make them available to employees within your company.
Activities
To start the BEx Analyzer, choose Start ® Programs ® SAP Front-end Business Information Warehouse ® SAP Business Explorer Analyzer.
You can also access the BEx Analyzer via SAP Easy Access ® SAP Business Information Warehouse ® SAP Menu ® Business Explorer ® Analyzer or in the Business Explorer Browser using the Business Explorer Analyzer symbol in the menu bar.
Hope this will solve your issu
nagarjuna

What is difference between Firefox OS and Android or iOS?

What is difference between Firefox OS and Android or iOS?

kingofhawks, Firefox os is open source, offers the ability of do not track and has many great customization options. It is currently however targeted at 3rd world countries and/ or underdeveloped countries so it isn't recommended to use this if you're use to using Android and iOS at this moment. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to ask.
Thanks

WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRMWARE CKP5CN1334ER AND VersionCLP1CN1322CR,

WHAT IS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRMWARE CKP5CN1334ER AND VersionCLP1CN1322CR, i GET A MESSAGE WHEN I TRY TO SCAN AN EMAIL THAT I NEED TO MANUALLY CHECK BY FIRMWARE

Hi sawmill1,
Welcome to the HP Support Forums. I see that you are getting a message to update the firmware of your printer to allow you to use scan to email.
To better assist you, would you please provide some further information:
What make/model/product number of HP printer do you have? How Do I Find My Model Number or Product Number?
How is the printer connected (USB cable, ethernet, or wireless)?
What operating system are you using on your computer? whatsmyos.com
Are you getting any other error messages? If yes, what does it say and where is it displayed (printer or computer)?
Have you tried to update the firmware of the printer?
Thank you.
Regards,
Happytohelp01
Please click on the Thumbs Up on the right to say “Thanks” for helping!
Please click “Accept as Solution ” on the post that solves your issue to help others find the solution.
I work on behalf of HP

Difference between primary key and primary index

Dear All,
Hi... .Could you pls tell me the difference between primary key and primary index.
Thanks...

Hi,
Primary Key : It is one which makes an entry of the field unique.No two distinct rows in a table can have the same value (or combination of values) in those columns.
Eg: first entry is 111, if you again enter value 111 , it doesnot allow 111 again. similarly for the strings or characters or numc etc. Remember that for char or numc or string 'NAME' is not equal to 'name'.
Primary Index: this is related to the performance .A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of operations in a table. Indices can be created using one or more columns, providing the basis for both rapid random lookups and efficient ordering of access to records. The disk space required to store the index is typically less than the storage of the table (since indices usually contain only the key-fields according to which the table is to be arranged, and excludes all the other details in the table), yielding the possibility to store indices into memory from tables that would not fit into it. In a relational database an index is a copy of part of a table. Some databases extend the power of indexing by allowing indices to be created on functions or expressions. For example, an index could be created on upper(last_name), which would only store the uppercase versions of the last_name field in the index.
In a database , we may have a large number of records. At the time of retrieving data from the database based on a condition , it is a burden to the db server. so whenever we create a primary key , a primary index is automatically created by the system.
If you want to maintain indices on other fields which are frequently used in where condition then you can create secondary indices.
Reward points if helpful.
Thanks,
Sirisha..

Difference between primary eindex and secondary index?

hi experts
pls answer me
difference between primary eindex and secondary index?
rewads apply.
thanks.
naresh.

hi,
check this link.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/cf/21eb2d446011d189700000e8322d00/frameset.htm
A difference is made between Primary & Secondary indexes to a table. the primary index consists of the key fields of the table and a pointer to the non-keys-fields of the table. The Primary index is generated automatically when a table is created and is created in the datebase as the same times as the table. It is also possible to define further indexes to a table in the ABAP/4 dictionary, which are then referred to as Secondary indexes.
Always it is not mandatory that an index should have all the key fields of a table. To see the index of a table
goto SE11->specify table name->click on the indexes... button on the application toolbar.
Based on your requirement you can you any of those index fields in the where clause of your query. Always its a better practice to use the index fields in the order specified. While selecting the records from a table it is always better to select the fields in the same order as specified in the table.

Difference between unique constraint and unique index

1. What is the difference between unique constraint and unique index when unique constraint is always indexed ? Which one is better in this case for better performance ?
2. Is Composite index of 3 columns x,y,z better
or having independent/ seperate indexes on 3 columns x,y,z is better for better performance ?
3. It has been very confusing for me to decide which columns to index, I have indexed most foreignkey columns, is it a good idea ? We do lot of selects and DMLS on most of our tables. Is there any query that I can run and find out if indexes are really being used and if they are improving any performance. I have analyzed and computed my indexes using ANALYZE index index_name validate structure and COMPUTE STATISTICS;
null

1. Unique index is part of unique constraint. Of course you can create standalone unique index. But is is no point to skip the logical view of business if you spend same effort to achive.
You create unique const. Oracle create the unique index for you. You may specify index characteristic in unique constraint.
2. Depends. You can't utilize the composite index if the searching condition is not whole or front part of the indexing key. You can't utilize your index if you query the table for y=2. That is.
3. As old words in database arena, Index may be good or bad for a table depending on the size of table, number of columns in the table... etc. It is very environmental dependent. In fact, It is part of database nomalization. Statistic is a way oracle use to determine the execution plan.
Steve
null

What is the difference between Video-out and mirroring?

What is the difference between Video-out and mirroring? I can't get iPhone 4 video to work on my TV screen
I have just bought an MD098ZM/A (Apple 30-pin Digital AV Adapter). I am struggling to get it to show a picture on my TV. I know I'm doing something right because the audio is coming out of my TV speakers but no picture on the TV screen.
I have used the same HDMI channel (on the TV side) with the same cable and my thunderbolt port (MacBook Air) without any trouble - and on the same app (BBC iPlayer download then full-screen mode).
Now I note that the packaging for the MD098ZM/A says video-out on iPhone 4 but mirroring only on iPhone 4S. I only have an iPhone 4 (not the 4S). Now if the lack of iPhone 4 support for mirroring means that I can't play video material out to my TV, then in what sense is there any video-out capability at all?
There is only safety and warranty paperwork in the Apple adapter packaging - no help information. And I haven't found further guidance online either.
I do note somewhere online that it suggests that basic non-mirroring video-out (for this adapter) only works with some external TV sets. Any way of finding out which? I'm using a Sanyo CE32LD90-B LCD TV if it helps.
So far not doing very well.

Now found these but have had to give up on this adapter!
http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/iphone_user_guide.pdf
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4108

What's difference between JPanel.remove(); and JPanel = null

nice day,
how can remove JPanel (including its JComponents), safe way, can you explain the difference between JPanel.remove () and JPanel = null,
1/ because if JPanel does not contain any static JComponents
2/ or any reference to static objects,
then works as well as JPanel.remove or JPanel = null,
or what and why preferred to avoid some action (to avoid to remove or to avoid to null)

mKorbel wrote:
nice day,
how can remove JPanel (including its JComponents), safe way, can you explain the difference between JPanel.remove () and JPanel = null, Remove the JPanel from the container it was part of and make sure you do not keep any references to it from your own classes. Don't make it any more difficult than it has to be.

Difference between part appraisal and further participants in OSA

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for