Does improving bit rate improve quality when importing from a lossy file?

Okay, if that question made no sense, here's an example:
I have a 5 Megabyte file encoded as an MP3 at 192 kbps.
I like to keep all my files in one format though, and currently my preferred format is AAC.
Would it make sense to convert it to 320 kbps AAC?
I get the feeling that since the data for that bitrate is gone (since MP3 is lossy)
it wouldn't make any sense trying to improve the bitrate. All I would get is a large file
that sounds the same as 192 kbps AAC.
Is that right?

Yes and No.
You are right that converting to 320kpbs AAC will not increase the quality since the data is already gone.
However for the next but you are slightly wrong.
What you will get is a large file that sounds the same as 192kbps MP3, which is not as good as 192kbps AAC (AAC is better quality than MP3 at the same bitrate).
Also, there is always a loss in quality when going from one lossy format to another.
If it's possible to go and re-encode the original source material at a higher bit-rate AAC I would definately do that, but if all you have is the 192kpbs MP3, then just leave them as they are and don't worry about having different formats.

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