Doubt about scope of instance variable

Hi All,
i have a doubt about scope of instance variable.
if i declare a instance variable in servlet , i want to know whether it can be shared(means everywhere ) or not.
thanks in advance
Gopal

The servlet container will create one servlet object, and run multiple threads through its service() / doGet() / doPost() methods.
That means that any instance variables of the servlet are shared between multiple requests, and can cause problems with threads accessing the same variable..
To make your servlets thread-safe
1 - have no instance variables - only use local variables in the doGet/doPost method.
2 - use the session scope for storing variables you need over multiple calls.
Cheers,
evnafets

Similar Messages

Scope of instance variables in servlets..

Hi all,
          Sorry for asking a dumb question..
          What is the scope of instance variables in a servlet? Is the scope is
          limited to thread?
          In other words, in the following example, i am setting "testStr", in one
          request and when i tried to access the same instance variable from another
          request, i am getting it as null. Does it mean instance variable is limited
          to that particular thread/request?
          thanks in advance..
          -ramu


Oops ... I had misunderstood and had the problem backwards ;-)
          > Is it known behavior? With registered servlet its working fine (a
          > instance variable is shared by all requests)
          I believe so; I typically deploy in a WAR so have not seen the problem that
          you describe. Servlets can be reloaded, so what you saw could have been
          caused bye a date/time mismatch between the .class file and the server's
          current time. On the other hand, that could be how WebLogic works.
          Peace,
          Cameron Purdy
          Tangosol, Inc.
          http://www.tangosol.com
          +1.617.623.5782
          WebLogic Consulting Available
          "Ramu" <[email protected]> wrote in message
          news:[email protected]...
          > Hi Purdy,
          >
          > I got it. I am testing the servlet as a unregistered servlet, which is
          > creating instance for every new request!!!, which created this whole
          > confusion. Is it known behavior? With registered servlet its working fine
          (a
          > instance variable is shared by all requests)
          >
          > > What theory? ;-) Instance variables are on the object, and the object
          can
          > > be used by multiple threads, thus allowing multiple threads to access
          the
          > > same instance variables.
          > what i mean by theory here is, all instance variables in servlet should
          be
          > shared by all requests. Now i got it sir.
          >
          > Thank you..
          > -ramu
          >
          >
          > >
          > > Peace,
          > >
          > > --
          > > Cameron Purdy
          > > Tangosol, Inc.
          > > http://www.tangosol.com
          > > +1.617.623.5782
          > > WebLogic Consulting Available
          > >
          > >
          > > "Ramu" <[email protected]> wrote in message
          > > news:[email protected]...
          > > > Hi,
          > > >
          > > > > No, an instance variable in a servlet class is not limited to a
          > thread.
          > > > There
          > > > > is exactly one copy of the servlet created in memory and all
          requests
          > > pass
          > > > > through the same instance, thus sharing any instance variables. A
          > > couple
          > > > of
          > > > > things to remember:
          > > > I totally agree with you, But i am wondering why my sample servlet(i
          am
          > > > attaching the file) is not sharing the instance variables across
          > > > threads/reqs. (in 1st request set some string to "testStr" instance
          > > > variable, in next request if you read the same instance variable, you
          > will
          > > > get null!!)
          > > > Our current code is having instance variables. But right now we are
          not
          > > > getting any problems. But as per theory, instance variables should be
          > > shared
          > > > across threads/requests..
          > > >
          > > > Any how we are changing our code to remove all instance variables.
          > > >
          > > > thanks,
          > > > -ramu
          > > >
          > > > >
          > > > > 1.) Using instance or class variables in servlets that are not
          > read-only
          > > > is not
          > > > > a good thing to do. This makes the servlet not thread-safe. To
          > > maintain
          > > > > variables across requests, sessions, etc., use the servlet-defined
          > > objects
          > > > to
          > > > > store the state (e.g., request, session, etc.).
          > > > >
          > > > > 2.) If you modify the servlet class on disk, WebLogic will reload
          the
          > > > servlet
          > > > > class thus discarding the old instance and creating a new one (of
          > > course,
          > > > this
          > > > > depends on some configuration parameters for servlet reloading).
          > > > >
          > > > > Hope this helps,
          > > > > Robert
          > > > >
          > > > > Ramu wrote:
          > > > >
          > > > > > Hi,
          > > > > > thanks for quick reply.
          > > > > > I am not at all using SingleThreadModel. See the following code.
          > > > > > In first request i am passing "abc" value to testStr. But in
          second
          > > > request,
          > > > > > I am getting null for testStr in second request. It looks like
          (for
          > > me)
          > > > for
          > > > > > non single threaded model also, scope of instance variables is
          > > limited
          > > > to
          > > > > > Thread/Request.. But as per theory, because its not single
          threaded
          > > > model,
          > > > > > only one instance should be there AND testStr(instace variables)
          > > should
          > > > be
          > > > > > shared across the all threads. But i am not able see that
          behaviour
          > > > here.
          > > > > > But if declare instance variable as static, o am able to share
          it
          > > > across
          > > > > > all threads/requests.
          > > > > >
          > > > > > note:
          > > > > > From browser i am setting testStr to "abc" with URL like
          > > > > > "localhost/test1?testStr=abc"
          > > > > > And 2nd req from browser is like "localhost/test1" (on server
          > output
          > > i
          > > > am
          > > > > > getting null for testStr)
          > > > > >
          > > > > > Any ideas?
          > > > > >
          > > > > > thanks,
          > > > > > -ravi
          > > > > >
          > > > > > import java.io.*;
          > > > > > import javax.servlet.*;
          > > > > > import javax.servlet.http.*;
          > > > > >
          > > > > > public class test1 extends HttpServlet
          > > > > > {
          > > > > > public String testStr;
          > > > > >
          > > > > > public void doGet (HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
          res)
          > > > > > throws ServletException, IOException
          > > > > > {
          > > > > > doPost(req, res);
          > > > > > }
          > > > > >
          > > > > > public void doPost (HttpServletRequest req,
          HttpServletResponse
          > > res)
          > > > > > throws ServletException, IOException
          > > > > > {
          > > > > > try {
          > > > > > res.setContentType("text/html");
          > > > > > PrintWriter out = res.getWriter();
          > > > > > if(req.getParameter("testStr") != null)
          > > > > > {
          > > > > > testStr = req.getParameter("testStr");
          > > > > > System.out.println("set testStr = " + testStr);
          > > > > > }
          > > > > > else{
          > > > > > System.out.println("get testStr = " + testStr);
          > > > > > }
          > > > > >
          > > > > > }
          > > > > > catch(Exception e){
          > > > > > e.printStackTrace();
          > > > > > }
          > > > > >
          > > > > > }
          > > > > > }
          > > > > >
          > > > > > "Cameron Purdy" <[email protected]> wrote in message
          > > > > > news:[email protected]...
          > > > > > > Yes or no, depending on if your servlet implements
          > > SingleThreadModel.
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > > See the servlet 2.2 spec for documentation on how many instances
          > of
          > > a
          > > > > > > servlet will be created. See the doc for the SingleThreadModel
          > > > interface.
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > > Peace,
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > > --
          > > > > > > Cameron Purdy
          > > > > > > Tangosol, Inc.
          > > > > > > http://www.tangosol.com
          > > > > > > +1.617.623.5782
          > > > > > > WebLogic Consulting Available
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > > "Ramu" <[email protected]> wrote in message
          > > > > > > news:[email protected]...
          > > > > > > > Hi all,
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > > Sorry for asking a dumb question..
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > > What is the scope of instance variables in a servlet? Is the
          > scope
          > > > is
          > > > > > > > limited to thread?
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > > In other words, in the following example, i am setting
          > "testStr",
          > > in
          > > > one
          > > > > > > > request and when i tried to access the same instance variable
          > from
          > > > > > another
          > > > > > > > request, i am getting it as null. Does it mean instance
          variable
          > > is
          > > > > > > limited
          > > > > > > > to that particular thread/request?
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > > thanks in advance..
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > > -ramu
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > > >
          > > > > > >
          > > > > > >
          > > > >
          > > >
          > > >
          > > >
          > >
          > >
          >
          >

Scope of instance variables clarification requested

under the topic "Scope of instance variables" in the class notes for the course i'm doing it is stated:
inside the class definition, the name can be prefixed by the keyword "this".
e.g. available = this.balance + overdraft;
in simple words, please explain what it means
or:
what is a class definition? and what does using "this" mean?
i'll gladly take internet links on where i can find the answer to my own question if you don't have time.
thanks a million!

this can be regarded simply as a reference variable which points to the intance of the class it's used in.
So this.fieldOne referer to the instance field fieldOne withing the current instance just as theOther.fieldOne refers to the instance field in another object.

Stateless Bean - scope of instance variable in EJB Timer call back function

Hi,
I would like to know on the scope of an instance variable of a Stateless Bean object,
when used in a EJB Timer call back.Let me explain this in more detail below.
I have a requirement to use a EJB Timer.
For this, I have created a stateless object since Timer creation needs to be done
from a stateless bean. I have a member variable "count" of the stateless bean class.
In the timer call back(ejbTimeout), I am able to use this count variable during
each time of the call back, and the value of this variable is also updated properly.
I have a few queries with respect to the above behaviour:
1) Does stateless bean object not get destroyed once the Timer is created from the Bean?
2) If the Bean object is not destroyed, then when does the bean object get destroyed?
3) If both (1) and (2) are not true, then can anyone explain on how the above behaviour is possible?
Thanks in advance,
Ulrich

Hi Ulrich,
The ejb timer is associated with the stateless session bean component, not with a particular bean instance. There is no formal relationship between the bean instance that called createTimer() and the bean instance on which the timer callback happens. If they're the same in your test run that's just a coincidence and not something your application should be depending on.
In the stateless session bean model, the container can create and destroy stateless session bean instances at any time. The container is free to pick any stateless session bean instance to service any client invocation or timer callback. If you need to pass context into a timer callback, one way to do it is via the timer "info" object. However, the info object is immutable so it wouldn't be a good match for a counter. You could of course always just use a database for any necessary coordinated state.
--ken

Doubt about a null value assigned to a String variable

Hi,
I have a doubt about a behavior when assigning a null value to a string variable and then seeing the output, the code is the next one:
public static void main(String[] args) {
        String total = null;
        System.out.println(total);
        total = total+"one";
        System.out.println(total);
}the doubt comes when i see the output, the output i get is this:
null
nulloneA variable with null value means it does not contains a reference to an object in memory, so the question is why the null is printed when i concatenate the total variable which has a null value with the string "one".
Is the null value converted to string ??
Please clarify
Regards and thanks!
Carlos

null is a keyword to inform compiler that the reference contain nothingNo. 'null' is not a keyword, it is a literal. Beyond that the compiler doesn't care. It has a runtime value as well.
total contains null value means it does not have memory,No, it means it refers to nothing, as opposed to referring to an object.
for representation purpose it contain "null"No. println(String) has special behaviour if the argument is null. This is documented and has already been described above. Your handwaving about 'for representation purpose' is meaningless. The compiler and the JVM don't know the purpose of the code.
e.g. this keyword shows a hash value instead of memory addressNo it doesn't: it depends entirely on the actual class of the object referred to by 'this', and specifically what its toString() method does.
similarly "total" maps null as a literal.Completely meaningless. "total" doesn't 'map' anything, it is just a literal. The behaviour you describe is a property of the string concatenation operator, not of string literals.
I hope you can understand this.Nobody could understand it. It is compete nonsense. The correct answer has already been given. Please read the thread before you contribute.

Jdev11 complains about public instance variables, but not Jdev10

Hi all, if I fire up Jdeveloper10 I can declare a public instance variable. (OK, stylistically maybe not a good thing, but nothing in the java 'rules' that says I shouldn't be able to do this.) However in Jdeveloper11 it complains, it underlines it in red and grumbles "should not have greater than protected access."
Anyone know where to turn off this compiler hint?
thanks.
public class Thing() {
public String bob; // complains in jdev11, ok in jdev10.

Hi Kevin, thanks for the tip. It's taken me years just to remember where to turn on the line numbers in 'preferences' , so I would never have found that one about the instance variable checks ! Frank, thanks for the update, I agree it's useful as a stylistic hint, but I think that the Jdev floating code assist, rather than just hinting "declare this field protected" (as this will obviously fix it) would be more user-friendly if it also said "or disable under preferences - code assists." But Jdev11 is growing on me, tons of cool stuff :-)
thanks all.

About "method", "instance variable" and "constructor"

Does a method need to be initialise?? if yes, how to write the code?
for example,is it:
public String mymethod( String args[]); ?
public double mymethod2 (); ?
what is the meaning of "instance variable" and "constructor"?
Please help.....THANKS!

Previously posted to this OP:
Read the Java Tutorial: Learning the Java Language.
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/index.html
� {�

Servlet Instance Variable scope

Just want to clarify my understanding of instance variables in regards to Servlets.
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet
    public String instVariable = "";
public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      instVariable = request.getParameter("param");
      response.sendRedirect( instVariable ) ;
}If two users both enter the processRequest logic at the same time, is it possible that they will both get the same
result? My understanding of this was that if they each execute the first line, then each execute the second
line, each user would be redirected to the same instVariable that was set by the second request.
What would be the easiest way to stop this from happening? syncronized? ThreadSafe?
I just want a simple clarification.
Thanks for the insight.

If two users both enter the processRequest logic at
the same time, is it possible that they will both get
the same
result? My understanding of this was that if they
each execute the first line, then each execute the
second
line, each user would be redirected to the same
instVariable that was set by the second request. Yes, it is possible, since there is only one instVariable.
What would be the easiest way to stop this from
happening? syncronized? ThreadSafe? The easiest way to avoid that is to simply not use an instance variable. Use a local variable, declared within your processRequest method. Each thread (i.e. each user of the servlet) has its own set of local variables.

Question about final instance variables

Hi, I recently have come across a situation that I realized I did not understand and I could not find the answer after a bit of googling and searching the forum so I thought I would quickly pose the question to the crowd. Basically I want to know if declaring a final instance variable and assigning it to an existing Object will make an immutable copy of that Object. For example:
Dimension myDims;
public void someMethod()
myDims = new Dimension(320, 240);
doSomething();
public void doSomething()
final myFinalDims = myDims;
This is not real code (obviously) and I made it quickly just to get my point across. Basically my question is if I create an Anonymous Inner class within the doSomething() method that accesses the myFinalDims variable, will the inner class actually access the myDims variable (which could have its value changed before the inner class accesses the variable) or will it be accessing a copy of the myDims Object that will have the same value as when the final variable was declared and instantiated?

Basically I want to know if declaring
a final instance variable and assigning it to an
existing Object will make an immutable copy of that
Object. Big no. It will neither make a copy, nor will anything be immutable. Final just means that once the value or reference of the attribute or variable is set, it can't be altered.
final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("!");still works.
Your inner class will access the instance of Dimensions stored in myDims. There won't be any other instance.

Instance variables in Servlets.

Hi
Is it a good practice to use instance variable in servlet.
Please refer code snippet below.
public class ExcelAction extends HttpServlet {
private int var1 =0;
doGet () {
var1++;
fun1();
fun1 (){
var1++;
}Like in above code I have used an instance variable var1 because I wish the same to be accessible in all servlet functions.
I guess it is not a good practice, as different requests to this servlet at same time will result in multiple threads of this servlet. Which will make the state of var1 unsafe.
If this is correct then what are the alternates if I wish to share variables between functions in a servlet.
Thanks

money321 wrote:
Because in beginning I was not sure that Servlets instances are also actually threads.They are not not threads. Each call to doGet(), doPost() etc is called in a Thread and since there can be many simultaneous calls each having it's own thread a Servlet has to be thread safe.
My other question was specific to threads as I was trying to implement threads.Why?
>
But in this one I rather used servlets.
But apologies, as instance of servlet are also threads.As I said, they are not threads.
>
But still one last doubt.
Sabre if you could please clarify the same as well :How about you do some reading [http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Servlets/Fundamentals/|http://java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Servlets/Fundamentals/] and use Google.
>
in your option 2 and three I will have to pass request object to function fun().No. You will need access to the request object for 2 and the servlet context for 3. You need to pass something
If i am correct on this then is this too a better approach ?My preferred approach is 1 since it makes much of your code testable outside of a Servlet.

Question about scope!!

Hi ~
I have a question about scope.
for example
primitive character variable ("char")
what is principle upon which it is based?
How can scope implemented?
Please explain at low level in detail..
thanks

Scopes are related to braces (and the for+catch-statements).
Inside a function nested scopes of the same name are forbidden {int x; {int x; ... } ...}, as misunderstanding could arise.
You may mention a name (method name, class name, var name), before its declaration, like:
int f() {x = 3;} int x;Implementation issues address variable locations on the stack and heap management (garbage collection), and exceptions (stack unwinding).
If you are interested in compiler construction try the javap tool, and try out the JVM, by for instance writing a compiler to JVM byte code.
To answer your question on variable clean-up: I'm afraid while playing compiler you need to calculate var addresses/frame sizes, and calls/stack frames are a bit confusing, but the rest is easy.

How can I use evaluate to get the instance variable in customized tag

1.
At first , I create a class called bean,and declared several params in it and do not define any getter function for the param.
class bean{
String param = "test";
SomeClass scObj = new SomeClass();
2.
The second ,I use
request.setAttribute("beanObj",new bean());
3.
And then I wanna use the customized tag to show a text box , then initialize it's value.
<salt:text name="param" value="beanObj.param">
<salt:text name="obj" value="beanObj.scObj.func()">
4.
I tried the evaluator provided by JexlContext ,Struts, JSTL and it seems that if I do not define the getter for the variable ,I can not get the bean's instance variable's value.
Expression e = ExpressionFactory.createExpression( value );
JexlContext jc = JexlHelper.createContext();
jc.getVars().put(strInitBeanName, request.getAttribute("beanObj"));
Object obj = e.evaluate(jc);
the result of the obj is null....
Can anybody recommand some other evaluator can get the value of a instance variable from an object?

do you have any other suggestion ? Nops, somebody else may have though. AFAIK, all lookups of the type
beanName.propertyNameuse reflection on the getXXX() methods to access the property.
Having said that, I guess you could write one though in a custom tag, using the same - reflection (you will ahve to rely on the java.lang.reflect.Field class quite heavily) - but that would be reinventing the wheel for most other functionality that you would have to include (like looking up the bean in scope etc)
cheers,
ram.

Not able to access parent instance variable in outside of methods in child

Hi,
I am not getting why i am not able to access parent class instance variable outside the child class intance methods.
class Parent
     int a;
class Child extends Parent
     a = 1; // Here i am getting a compilation error that Syntax error on token "a", VariableDeclaratorId expected after this token
     void someMethod()
          a = 1; // Here i am not getting any compilation error while accessing parent class variable
}Can any one please let me know exact reason for this and what is the error talks about?
Thanks,
Uday
Edited by: Udaya Shankara Gandhi on Jun 13, 2012 3:30 AM

You can only put assignments or expressions inside methods, constructors or class initializors, or when declaring a variable.
It has nothing to the with Child extending Parent.
class Parent {
    int a = 1;
    { a = 1; }
    public Parent() {
        a = 1;
   public void method() {
       a = 1;
}

Binding: Instance variable loses value.

Hi all,
Just making my first steps into Objective-C, I've done a lot of C, C++ and C# on win & linux. Anyhow, I've been hacking away happily and discovered a peculiar behaviour, and I'm not sure if it's my code or some obscure bug in Xcode.
1. I have a Check Box(NSButton) directly bound to a BOOL instance variable called "checkValue" using KVC. The containing class is a custom NSView subclass.
2. I manually implemented the setter according to KVC naming rules "setCheckValue".
3. When debugging the UI (check box) calls the setter perfectly with the correct value, which shows up in the NSLog output.
4. I hooked up the action for the check box as well, and inside the action handler the instance variable reports the value correctly. Everything looks fine.
5. Now here's the rub. I put a mousedown event handler into the class as well, and it is called flawlessly when I click on the custom view. However, "checkValue" does not report the correctly set value.
So, how can a class instance variable, which is set and reports correctly elsewhere in the same scope, all of the sudden take on a nonsense value in a event handler? If a variable has a value set, it should be the same everywhere within the same scope!
Below is simplified code extracted from the original project for clarity. It produces exactly the same behaviour as the more complex project without the distracting code.
#import "CheckBoxHandler.h"
@implementation CheckBoxHandler
@synthesize checkValue;
//Apparently this is required for binding in NSView based classes
//The same behaviour occurs even if you remove this.
+(void)initialize
[self exposeBinding:@"checkValue"];
-(id)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect
self = [super initWithFrame:frameRect];
if(!self)
return nil;
[self setCheckValue:YES];
return self;
//manual impelementation of KVC setter
-(void)setCheckValue:(BOOL)v
checkValue = v;
NSLog(@"Setter Called: checkValue is %d", checkValue);
//The action works fine as evidenced by Log output
//Check and uncheck the box a few times.
-(IBAction)checkBoxAction:(id)sender
NSLog(@"UI State:%d Ivar State: %d", [checkBox state], checkValue);
//Mouse clicking on the view calls into this event.
//The problem is the value reported by [self checkValue] OR checkValue directly
//do not match the UI state. In fact it always reports some nonsense value.
-(void)mouseDown:(NSEvent *)event
NSLog(@"Inside Mousedown: checkValue is: %d", [self checkValue]);
@end
I have a workaround, but it really bends my head when something doesn't behave as expected!

I have synthesized against "checkValue", although I manually implemented the setter so I could set a breakpoint and observe the value. I thought [self checkValue] and self.checkValue both simply call the same getter, just different syntax.
The setting of the value using the UI checkbox happens outside of the event call chain. I can check and uncheck the checkbox and the value changes correctly. The checkbox is in a separate space on the window, so clicking it does not activate mousedown on the view, this is correct behaviour. Clicking on the view does activate the mousedown event, this is done after I've set the checkbox so the value has been set well before the mousedown event. Thus it should already have the correct value in the event.
For completeness this is the interface file:
#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
@interface CheckBoxHandler : NSView {
IBOutlet NSButton *checkBox;
BOOL checkValue;
-(IBAction)checkBoxAction:(id)sender;
@property (assign, readwrite) BOOL checkValue;
@end
I'll change everything to self.checkValue just for the excercise. Ok, done. checkValue still reports a value of 1 in the mousedown event regardless of the value set elsewhere.

JSP and Instance Variables

I have some questions about JSP presentation (Interactive Component Call in Screenflow):
- Only BPM Objects are possible to be mapped in JSP?
- Is possible to map two or more BPM Objects to the JSP?
- What is the difference of mapping using the variable "attributes" in argument mapping and the option "Select BPM object variable" in main task of Interactive Component Call activity?

I seem to be having a similar problem.
If I include this fragment, for an instance variable called "contacts" which is a BPMObject of type "ITSSContactRequest".
<%
Object r = request.getAttribute("contacts");
Class cl = r.getClass();
out.println(cl.getName());
%>
I get the following output:
xobject.ITSSContactManagement.ITSSContactRequest
and I can access the object via reflection:
<%
Object r = request.getAttribute("contacts");
Class cl = r.getClass();
out.println(cl.getName());
Method getGeneralContacts = cl.getMethod("getGeneralContacts", null);
Object rv = getGeneralContacts.invoke(r);
%>
and access the rv variable accordingly.
However, if I try and cast the variable directly:
<%
Object r = request.getAttribute("contacts");
Class cl = r.getClass();
out.println(cl.getName());
xobject.ITSSContactManagement.ITSSContactRequest rq = (xobject.ITSSContactManagement.ITSSContactRequest)r;
%>
I get the following error message:
"The task could not be successfully executed. Reason: 'fuego.web.execution.exception.InternalForwardException: UnExpected error during internal forward process.'.
See log file for more information [Error code: workspace-1258985548580] "
The same error occurs if I try and import the object via
<%@ page import="xobject.ITSSContactManagement.ITSSContactRequest" %>
Thanks for any help.

Doubt about scope of instance variable

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