How can I back up a hard drive with another hard drive?

I don't even know what community to post this question.
I have a standard usb 3.0, 4TB hard drive that I store EVERYTHING on (pictures, music, movies, documents). I spent this past summer organizing all of my files from multiple old hard drives and compiling them onto this one. It's very nice and organized now however, after all of this work I don't want to lose my stuff if the hd fails or something happens. So I bought another exact hd to back it up.
Before I do so, I was contemplating if there is any software or a better way than me doing this manually. I can easily copy the contents over and it will be backed up, but what happens if I make a change to my main hard drive i.e. add something or delete something. I would have to keep record of every change I make and do that exact same thing on the backup hard drive.
I'm guessing there's probably a simpler option that I'm just not aware of so that's why I'm coming here. Is there any way to select a hard drive and designate it as a backup for another hard drive so it will do all of that process automatically? I know my iMac has time machine, but I don't really know how that works and that seems to want to backup my desktop computer, which I'm not really interested in doing since I don't really store much on it other than my main programs. I also don't know where it backs things up to. Does it just double up on your current hard drive or have cloud storage or what?
Thanks for any advice.

Time Machine will back up the internal drive by default and can be set to back up external ones formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled). It can put the data onto a drive formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled) or a network storage location, but not Apple's iCloud servers.
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