How many of the codd's rules are supported by oracle?

hai any body of you please tell me how many of the codd's rules are supported by oracle.....?

as far as i remember
oracle follows 11 of the 12 rulesCare to name the one you think is missing?
Taking the Wikipedia definition of Codd's 12 Rules (there are of course thirteen of them), this is what we find:
Rule 0: The system must qualify as relational, as a database, and as a management system.
This is a little circular, and there are people who argue over whether Oracle (or any other existing RDBMS) is truly relational
Rule 1: The information rule
Oracle stores its information as values in column positions within rows of tables.
Rule 2 : The guaranteed access rule
Oracle has primary keys.
Rule 3: Systematic treatment of null values
Many view this rule as Codd's biggest mistake but undeniably Oracle does treat nulls systematically.
Rule 4: Active online catalog based on the relational model
SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES; QED
Rule 5: The comprehensive data sublanguage rule
Oracle's implementation of ANSI SQL satisifies this one.
Rule 6: The view updating rule
Oracle allows us to update key-preserved views.
Rule 7: High-level insert, update, and delete
Oracle has set-based insert, update, and delete.
Rule 8: Physical data independence
Tick in the box.
Rule 9: Logical data independence
Tick in the box (we can argue about LOB storage as a special case).
Rule 10: Integrity independence
Well of course Oracle does this, much to the annoyance of our chums in the OO application building world.
Rule 11: Distribution independence
yep, unless we are so boorish as to expose our database links in the FROM clause instead of using synonyms...
Rule 12: The nonsubversion rule
Oracle does this alright (This is why it's a bad idea to use triggers to enforce relational integrity instead of foreign key constraints).
Cheers, APC

Similar Messages

  • How many scripts (as in writing systems) are supported by InDesign?

    I am trying to find a definitive list of scripts (as in writing systems) supported by InDesign. Is that available somewhere? These are the scripts I am interested in:
    Arabic
    Armenian
    Bengali
    Braille
    Canadian Syllabics
    Chinese
    Cherokee
    Cyrillic
    Devanagari
    Ethiopic
    Georgian
    Greek
    Gujarati
    Gurmukhi
    Hebrew
    Japanese
    Kannada
    Khmer
    Korean
    Lao
    Latin
    Malayalam
    Mongolian
    Myanmar
    Oriya
    Sinhala
    Tamil
    Telugu
    Thai
    Tibetan

    Yeah, I do understand that Ge'ez/Ethiopic script covers many languages - but quite a few East African minority languages written in Ge'ez that are not Amharic or Tigrinya use forms/"houses"/etc. not in the Unicode spec. The same is true of minority languages in Myanmar - don't assume you can typeset Karen once you have "Myanmar" in your list of supported languages!
    When you say "out of the box" do you really mean that? Most of the languages in that list that will work without plugins etc. require specialized fonts. The glyph coverage of the fonts that Adobe gives away with ID or the Creative Suite is extensive, but won't include most of your required languges. But, assuming you already have the fonts, and assuming that you know where to find the World-Ready Composer, then anything in that list that is not right-to-left (or vertical) should at least render correctly in ID. Mind you, "render correctly" doesn't help you if your Burmese translator doesn't key in zero-width spaces, for example.
    I think that this may well be why there is no Adobe master-list of supported languages that is easy to find; it's because It Is A Very Complicated Issue. I've been doing typesetting in a list of languages much like yours for the last decade, and even if Adobe's type rendering engine handles fonts-built-according-to-Unicode-spec (e.g. Lao), there is significant variation in font development techniques, font modification by people writing in minority languages, keying order, and personal translator keying preferences. But if you find that list, post it! I will be surprised, but not shocked, if it exists somewhere.

  • ?? About how many downloads the apps are getting

    If anyone can help, it would be appreciated. Either first hand knowledge or information you have heard or read would be fine.
    I am doing market research and wonder how many application/game downloads are really occuring in the App Store/iTunes for iPhones/iPod Touch devices. I know how many total downloads they have (200 million), but any only concerned with Paid Apps/Games. So if anyone can answer these questions or share some light, thanks
    1) How many of the 200 million downloads are from paid apps
    2) Does anyone know how many paid downloads it takes to take the #1 spot daily, #10 spot, #25 spot, and #50 spot
    3) How many apps/games have you paid for, and how many free ones have you downloaded.
    Thanks again.

    jdawson1960
    Your posting is clearly outside the stated purpose of these forums and your user account is being blocked on that account.
    This is a Java forum, not a market research site.
    db

  • How to delete the orphaned Expected Rule Entries exist in the FIM portal

    Hi,
    How to delete the orphaned Expected Rule Entries exist in the FIM portal.
    A large number of orphaned Expected Rule Entries exist in the FIM portal (originally 140000k+ objects, currently 75000+ objects). They consume the a lot of FIM database space and slows down the identity lifecycle management synchronization processes.
    Regards
    Anil Kumar

    Hello,
    in my environments i use this approach:
    https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/1af6cf77-4c55-4a3e-93cc-0baae80bc88f/expiration-workflow-cannot-delete-ere?forum=ilm2
    This sets up a compination of Sets, Workflow and MPR to let the "Expiration Workflow" delete EREs as soon as they get orphaned.
    This works fine since 3 years now, even if there are comming SQL-Jobs within a FIM update, but I implemented this before this was done.
    I would suggest to clear the current orphaned EREs with PowerShell to avoid request flooding when implementing the above solution. Then implement that housecleening above.
    Regards
    Peter
    Peter Stapf - ExpertCircle GmbH - My blog:
    JustIDM.wordpress.com

  • Find out how many times the application was touched by a particular user

    Hello,
    can anyone please help me out with this issue.
    I want to find out how many times the application was accessed by a particular user,their session IDs for each of the applications in a particular workspace. I am using a role based authorization scheme for my application. I am using Oracle APEX 3.2 version. Are their any underlying APEX tables/Views to find out the above details.
    thanks,
    Orton

    Hi,
    Have you check views APEX_WORKSPACE_ACCESS_LOG and APEX_WORKSPACE_ACTIVITY_LOG
    Regards,
    Jari
    Edited by: jarola on Oct 20, 2010 7:37 AM
    This might help also
    http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E14373_01/appdev.32/e11838/advnc.htm#CHDDHGJI

  • How many types of user defined functions are there?

    how many types of user defined functions are there?

    Hi Ramakrishna,
    A user-defined function is only visible in the message mapping in which you created it. You can insert the function in the data-flow editor as a standard function by using the User-Defined function category.
    You can use the following user-defined functions:
    1.Simple functions, which can process individual field input values for each function call. Simple functions therefore expect strings as input values and return a string.
    2.Advanced functions, which can process several field input values for each function call. You can import either all field values of a context or the whole queue for the field in an array before calling the function. For more information, see Advanced User-Defined Functions.
        go through :
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/22/e127f28b572243b4324879c6bf05a0/content.htm
         Advanced user-defined functions, which can process more than just individual field values.Instead, you can import a complete context or an entire queue for a field as an array before your function is called
        go through :
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/f8/2857cbc374da48993c8eb7d3c8c87a/content.htm
    *Pls: Reward points if helpful*
    Regards,
    Jyoti

  • How many of the transactions woill be Roll backed?

    Hi friends,
    Could you please clarify That How many of the transactions will be rollbacked when we say ROLLBACK....?
    (For e.g., As a first transaction i used delete command to delete one row from a table of 10 rows....As a second transaction i used update command two times to update two records in the same table....Now i created one table ...after that i said rollback....So how many of the transactions will be rollbacked?)

    I'm sure blushadow has heard of all of those, but what does it have to do with the original question?
    SQL> CREATE TABLE t AS
      2  SELECT rownum id, TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(rownum, 'J'), 'Jsp') descr
      3  FROM all_objects WHERE rownum < 10;
    Table created.
    SQL> SELECT * FROM t;
            ID DESCR
             1 One
             2 Two
             3 Three
             4 Four
             5 Five
             6 Six
             7 Seven
             8 Eight
             9 Nine
    SQL> DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;
    1 row deleted.
    SQL> SAVEPOINT a;
    Savepoint created.
    SQL> UPDATE t SET descr = 'Deux'
      2  WHERE id = 2;
    1 row updated.
    SQL> SAVEPOINT b;
    Savepoint created.
    SQL> UPDATE t SET descr = 'Trois'
      2  WHERE id = 3;
    1 row updated.
    SQL> SELECT * FROM t;
            ID DESCR
             2 Deux
             3 Trois
             4 Four
             5 Five
             6 Six
             7 Seven
             8 Eight
             9 NineI agree that at this point, I can rollback to any point in these three statements, however, as soon as I do:
    SQL> CREATE TABLE t1 (id NUMBER);
    Table created.then the savepoints are gone
    SQL> ROLLBACK TO b;
    ROLLBACK TO b
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-01086: savepoint 'B' never establishedNow, the documentation says "If you use a SET TRANSACTION statement, then it must be the first statement in your transaction.", and the very first DELETE starts a transaction. and the fact that:
    SQL> SET TRANSACTION AUTONOMOUS;
    SET TRANSACTION AUTONOMOUS
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-00900: invalid SQL statementis invalid, even if you could use SET TRANSACTION within an already started transaction. I suppose you could do:
    SQL> DROP TABLE t1;
    Table dropped.
    SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE t;
    Table truncated.
    SQL> INSERT INTO T
      2  SELECT rownum id, TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(rownum, 'J'), 'Jsp') descr
      3  FROM all_objects WHERE rownum < 10;
    9 rows created.
    SQL> COMMIT;
    Commit complete.
    SQL> DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;
    1 row deleted.
    SQL> SAVEPOINT a;
    Savepoint created.
    SQL> UPDATE t SET descr = 'Deux'
      2  WHERE id = 2;
    1 row updated.
    SQL> SAVEPOINT b;
    Savepoint created.
    SQL> UPDATE t SET descr = 'Trois'
      2  WHERE id = 3;
    1 row updated.
    SQL> DECLARE
      2  PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
      3  BEGIN
      4     EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE t1 (id NUMBER)';
      5  END;
      6  /
    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
    SQL> ROLLBACK to b;
    Rollback complete.but it seems like a lot of effort to get around something that you shouldn't be doing in the first place.
    John

  • How to count how many times the caller calls by using UCCX script?

    Hi there,
    My customer wants to do a few changes for their script as below:
    At the beginning of the script they are planning to add a new menu item, it will announce their new privacy policies and to continue the user must press the number one to continue to the Welcome.  If they do not press 1 then the message should repeat itself and if they again do not press 1 they should be transferred over to a live operator who will explain things and then be able to transfer them back to the message so that they can press 1 and continue.
    I modified their script as attached file, but i don't know how to count how many times the caller calls in "Get Reporting Statistic".
    Any helps would be appreciated.
    Thanks.

    Hi Aaron,
    At beginning, i want to use a variable to get number of mistake for the same caller, then we will send the call to right place to fulfill the customers' needs. 
    Do you have any suggestion for the new posted script?
    Thanks.

  • Does anybody know how many seconds the Cross Fade is on an iPod Nano 4/5th Generation?

    In Settings > Playback > Audio Crossfade - when you turn this to 'On' does anyone know how many seconds the crossfade is for?
    I can't find anything online, it's not in the iPod manual and no-one at my local Apple Store knows!

    It depends on how long the song(s) is.
    For example: I listen to On My Level by Wiz Khalifa and the song last for 4:35 so at the last 6-3 seconds it will crossfade to the next song and you'll missout of the first few seconds of the next song.
    Message was edited by: keeferaf

  • How to get the  Checked box which are clicked

    for(int k=0;.....
    jsp code
    <input type=checkbox name=checkbox value='<%=k%>' >
    how to get the particular Checkbox which are checked???

    String[] checkedValues = request.getParameterValues("checkbox");You'll get an array filled with the values only for the checked boxes. In other words, if no boxes are checked, checkedValues will be null or checkedValues.length == 0, not sure, going from memory.
    Hope this helps!
    Patrick

  • Can someone tell me how many seconds the cross fade is when running your nano in that mode? I teach spin class and want to know how much time I'm losing in that mode.

    can someone tell me how many seconds the cross fade is when running your Ipod 6th Gen nano in that mode? I teach spin class and want to know how much time I'm losing in that mode.

    You aren't losing any time in that mode, but I believe it is a 10 second fade out/fade in.

  • How to set the default settment rule for the same kind project.

    hi experts:
       the project of the same kind of the project profile have the same settment rule to one account (G/L).
    how to set the default settment rule for the project of  this kind of the project profile.
    regards

    Hi,
      You need to define the settlement profile and allocation structure.
    next you need to define the  Strategy for settlement rule.
    navigation-PS> costs> automatic and periodic allocations> settlement> Settlement rule for WBS
    --> Define strategy for settlement rule.
    Select the strategy and click on settings. in that new entries, check the Acc Assg element, enter Settlement profile and mention accass category as reposnsible cost center.
    Save this transaction.
    Now create a project assgin responsible costcenter for the WBS element in the project buider and save the transaction.
    Now run CJB2 transaction for the project, settlement rule will generated automatically.
    even you can configure the same for profitability segment.
    Rgds
    Sudhir Reddy

  • How to Disable the Process Header, collapsible Area, and Process Warning Bar from Contacts Form of CRM 2013

    Folks,
    How to Disable the Process Header, collapsible Area, and Process Warning Bar from Contacts Form of CRM 2013
    Thank you.

    Hi,
    You can deactivate the business process itself if you do not want at all. So that the header will not available for the entity.
    Regards,
    Priya

  • HT201386 many of the functions of iPhoto are lost in Photos. Why delete it? its better to remove Photos than iPhotos.

    many of the functions of iPhoto are lost in Photos. Why delete it? its better to remove Photos than iPhotos.

    Please use the feedback form to let the Apple developers know:
    Apple - iPhoto - Feedback
    Brushes, tags, captions, info panels are all essential for a photo library.

  • How Many times the report has run

    Dear All,
    I am trying to find out if there is any standard report which shows me as to how many times the Z or Y repor has been used.
    This is really needed for me decide.
    with regards
    Ranjith Singh

    we created a solution that reads the information from STAT and stores it in a custom table for later retreival. we can then more closely monitor the amount of statistics kept without basis involvement. the function module to read the STAT information is:
      call function 'SAPWL_STATREC_READ_FILE'
           destination servers-rfcdest
           exporting
                read_client                 = sy-mandt
                read_end_date               = pstop
                read_end_time               = pstopt
                read_exclude_username       = 'SAPSYS'
                read_start_date             = pstart
                read_start_time             = pstartt
           tables
                v2_normal_records           = stats
           exceptions
                wrong_parameter_combination = 1
                others                      = 2.
    it takes some time to develop history, but we can now go back over a year to look at run time and execution trends by program, both ours and SAPs.
    HTH

Maybe you are looking for

  • How can I check my icloud emails using windows xp?

    My MacBook Pro crashed and I am currently using an old laptop on windows xp. When I go to enter online in Icloud.com my emails it does not allow me to see my emails unless I install icloud on my laptop. The problem is that when I follw the directions

  • Replacing or swapping a layer

    Is there a way like in After Effects to replace or swap a layer in a template for daily News Premix. I know how to do it with new layers, copy my alpha ... etc. Just wondering if there was an easy way ? Does this make sense ? thanks JR

  • Unable to hear recordings on internet all of a sudden. Checked Sound and all is good. Where else do I need to check?

    All of a sudden, I am unable to play from YouTube or other online recordings. I've checked sound on System Preferences and all is as it should be. Please direct me to anything else I need to check. Thank you for your time in answering.

  • AME Messes up videos audio in conversion

    Hi, I'm using Adobe Media Encoder CS6 and Ive been having a problem. Usually when I use it It's to convert around 20 videos from usually AVI to MP4 so that I can use them with iTunes and Quicktime. My problem is that the audio in the output file will

  • Heading in forum

    can you make the forum heading apply to all? because it is about some chelsea girl and im like /?? so do i hve to change everytime or apply all possilbe?