How To Extend Adobe Audition CS5.5

I've received a number of questions on how to extend Adobe Audition with questions similar to:
How do I import file format X?
How do I import a project from application Y?
Will there be an SDK available?
How do I add plug-ins to Audition?
I had made a post similar to this in the public beta of Audition for Mac, but I can no longer find the thread. So I'll reiterate some stuff here:
Area
Info
Adding VST Plug-Ins
Most of you have found this already, but the best place to start is in the Audio Plug-In Manager
If you want to "write" new plug-ins for Audition, writing a VST plug-in will be the best option as it will allow you to write something that will work on Windows as well as OSX.  Info on writing a VST plug-in may be found here (http://www.steinberg.net/en/company/developer.html)
Adding Audio Unit Plug-Ins (Mac OSX)
Same as Above.   Note that OSX ships with some built-in AU plug-ins that Audition can utilize for free if you just scan at least once.   We don't scan on startup because there's several plug-ins out there in the world that don't behave well.  Info on Audio Unit plug-in development can be found here (http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MusicAudio/Conceptual/AudioUnitProgr ammingGuide/TheAudioUnit/TheAudioUnit.html)
Adding more import formats via libsndfile
libsndfile is an open-source C library for reading and writing audio files (http://www.mega-nerd.com/libsndfile/)   Ambitious people could download the source, write support for another format, and create their own custom-rolled library of libsndfile.  You would then replace the version of libsndfile with which Audition CS5.5 ships, with the one you rolled.   Due to the way we use libsndfile, any format you add would show up in Audition.   This is also true if there's an official update to libsndfile that comes out in the future, you could just plop it in and it should work. 
If you're interested in exporting or writing formats that libnsdfile supports, please tell us which formats are the most important to you and in what way you use them in your workflow.
Adding more import formats via QuickTime components
QuickTime has the ability to be extended via QuickTime Components.   There's several examples out there, but here are some websites to check out:
QuickTime Components (http://www.apple.com/quicktime/resources/components.html)
Learn about even more QuickTime capabilities (http://www.apple.com/quicktime/extending/components.html)
Flip4Mac for Windows Media support on OSX (http://www.telestream.net/flip4mac-wmv/overview.htm)
Perian -- the swiss-army knife for QuickTime (http://perian.org/)
Calibrated Software (http://www.calibratedsoftware.com/products.asp)
In most cases, just adding the various QuickTime components will automatically add the import functionality to Audition.
Importing project formats from other applications
As seen on other threads in this forum, Ses2sesx (http://www.aatranslator.com.au/ses2sesx.html) and AATranslator (http://www.aatranslator.com.au/) seem to add quite a bit of support.
SDK
At this time, we haven't released an SDK for Audition.   If you're interested in one, however, please tell us what you would want from an SDK for Audition and we'll take it into consideration.
Message was edited by: Charles VW
Added links to AU and VST development info

Charles,
could you please also advise what PC users can do to make common avi files useable in AA CS5.5? The obvious problem is, no matter how many exotic video formats a PC can play by way of video-for-windows codecs, these are useless for Quicktime, because Quicktime on the PC needs codecs specifically written for "Quicktime for Windows", which are, as I've come to find, EXTREMELY rare. So far I've only found ONE, sold by 3ivx, but this costs as much as the AA CS5.5 update itself. Without them, Quicktime on the PC will only handle mov files, which are not too popular on the PC. Is there any other way out of this?

Similar Messages

  • How to activate Adobe Audition CS5.5 I bought 2 yrs ago, on my new iMAC from trial - ser. # not work

    Hi I purchased Adobe Audition CS5.5  about 2 years ago and now I want to load it onto my new iMAC so I downloaded the trial version and tried to activate it with my serial number from my disc but it says that the serial number is invalid.
    thanks
    Bonnie

    Hi BonniePH ,
    Welcome to Adobe Forums .
    You can use the below mentioned link for the solution -
    http://helpx.adobe.com/x-productkb/policy-pricing/activation-deactivation-products.html
    Let us know if that helps !
    Thanks
    Garima

  • Repair AGC (automatic gain control) Clipping Artifacts from DSLR in Adobe Audition CS5.5 | Short and Suite | Adobe TV

    In this tutorial, Principal Worldwide Evangelist for Adobe, Jason Levine demonstrates how to detect, analyze and repair digitally clipped samples and distortions caused by AGC on your DSLR and other video cameras and audio-capture devices. Adobe Audition CS5.5's incredible tools for audio analysis and repair continue the application's legacy of fast, transparent, high-quality restoration.
    http://adobe.ly/xPpEb2

    Nope - doesn't work. Clipped samples show up in "Amplitude Statistics" but when I go to the Diag panel - select "DeClipper" and "Scan" - NO problems are detected.

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 with Premiere Pro CS5

    Hello everybody.
    I am considering downgrading from Master Collection CS5 to Adobe Production Premium CS5.5
    But quite frankly it's just because of one application.
    Though, i am in doubt if i'll actually going to make the downgrade.
    And as you could and might have guessed it is the Adobe Audition CS5.5 Application.
    Though really the whole pack has a GREAT improvement overall, I just actaully want to mix SEAMLESSLY with Premiere Pro and sound editing application (Audition).
    Which leads me to my next question.
    Now with Adobe Soundbooth CS5 closed off (by April 24th), and an UPGRADE for Soundbooth CS5 users to Audition CS5. Does this mean that Audition CS5.5 works SEAMLESSLY with Premiere Pro CS5?
    Is there a dynamic link between the two applications? (Audition CS5.5 and Premiere Pro CS5)
    AM i able to send mixes between the two? I really don't want to loose any Audio data, such as 5.1 channel mapping, volume mixing, denoising, general mixing etc.
    All i really need is some good quality sound editing which works seamless, as After Effects and Premiere Pro has proved to me can be done.
    Just want to know if it is possible. Or if I REALLY have to upgrade in order to get the sweet apples.
    Best
    Lucas

    Hi _durin_
    Thanks for your quick response.
    But I didn't quite understand your answer.
    I have seen Jason Levine's video earlier, as CS5.5 was announced and it looks natively good. I understand the mixdown attributes etc.
    Please correct me if im wrong HOWEVER this workflow and settings applies still to ONLY the new CS5.5 Version?
    Im currently using Master Collection CS5.
    Instead of getting either the Production Premium, or Master Collection I am strongly considering updating Soundbooth CS5 to Audition CS5.5 (the option is there as i can tell by SoundBooth's website, though i get a weird error message when I click the update link...)
    However I need to know, IF Audition CS5.5 works well with the PREVIOUS version (that'll be CS5 not 5.5), of Premiere Pro.
    Are there an option to render the reference video, and generate a interchange session from WITHIN Premiere Pro CS5 to Audition CS5.5?
    Im sorry if I either sound harsh or "willingly" misunderstanding. But I have only documentation on how the integration works between the current versions (meaning 5.5).
    Im as you can guess VERY confused over the move from Adobe to make a .5 version instead of a full-fledged CS6 solution. It causes a stir, cause I then don't know much of the integration between the previous applications.
    I have seen as an example that Photoshop CS5 have gotten the update to receive paintings/files made with their new touch API. So I wonder whether integrational features will be a part of the CS5 pack since, as i've mentioned, an application like Soundbooth gets replaced with Audition, with an upgrade option for the Soundbooth owners.
    Im confused and hope you can help me clear my mind up, whether to upgrade or not. I will download the trial eventually, but not onto my current CS5 system since I already use this in my daily video work and want to AVOID confusion.
    Best
    Lucas

  • Como cambiar el idioma de Adobe Audition CS5.5

    Hola a todos. Recientemente conseguí la versión de Adobe Audition CS5.5 y al ejecutarlo me aparece todo en alemán. Y me preguntaba si alguien me pordría enseñar a cambiar de alemána a inglés. Gracias.
    Hi there. Recently I get the new version of Adobe Audition CS5.5 and when a run it, it is in german. And I was wondering if someone could teach me how to change de leguaje to English instead of german. Thank you.

    Hola Cool Dising
    me puse a desmenuzar el programa y no encontre ningun boton o pestaña con la funcion directa para cambiar el idioma
    directamente
    trate de buscar por medio de las carpetas de archivos de programa
    Y metiendome a la carpeta de AMT ahi estas todas las carpetas con las diferentes opciones de idioma
    trate de activar o cambiar  desde ahi y te soy sincero "no pude"
    creo que la opcion mas sana para no afectar tu programa con alguna futura falla
    es desinstalar el programa  y re-instalalo para que desde el inicio  elijas el Idioma con el que te sientas mas comodo
    al trabajar en adobe Audition
    Suerte y excelente Grabaciones
    saludos.
    Enrique Arista/Creativox Pro Studio

  • Slow Playback Adobe Audition CS5.5 - not sample rate setting error!

    I'm currently using Windows 7 and Adobe Audition CS5.5 build 1815. Soundcard is RME Digi96 Pad. Ok its an old card and the drivers date from 2005. In Adobe 3.1 and CS5.5  I get slow, around half speed, playback at 44k and 96k sample rates. YES the project sample rates and sound card sample rates are set correctly, clock is set to master on the soundcard.
    However, in using Cockos Reaper 3 or 4 on exactly the same computer, same soundcard, same OS, I can play 44k and 96k wav files perfectly.
    This suggests to me there is an error in the way Adobe Audition 3 / CS5.5 is handling the ASIO drivers in Windows 7 with some soundcards.
    If it was a driver problem, or indeed a soundcard hardware issue, then Reaper would not perform properly.
    So what's going on with the ASIO drivers in Adobe Audition with Windows 7?

    I have two XLR wireless mics, which are great for my video work, but I need to do audio recordings for podcasts and wanted a mic that would be able to do just audio podcasts, as well as video podcasts, live via my laptop. So while I do agree that the audio recording from my XLR mics is great, I am not happy with the audio quality of standard computer mics I've tried and the only way I can get my XLR mics into the computer directly is through a USB connector (which I also have, I'm getting the Yeti set-up for my business partner to use).
    Maybe Audition just isn't the best software option for this, but since we have CS6 Premium I had hoped I could utilize software I already had. (And for the live video casts I'm looking at starting out with Google hangouts...)
    With that being said, I appreciate your reply and thought I had already set-up the hardware correctly in Windows & Audition. Here is a screenshot that shows the settings I have - my question at this point is whether the master clock needs to be changed (the audio channel mapping tab shows the left and right speaker of the default Realtek speaker):
    I just double checked the properties of both the speakers and mic and they are both set to 48,000/16/stereo, as is the audio file in Audition.
    I'm a journalist, not an audio pro, and I fully accept that the sound device must not be properly connected. The problem is that I cannot figure out why that is the case.
    Since I need to use the USB mic and I want to be able to use the power of Audition to put together podcasts, using other software for the livecasts, I would really like to sort through this. Any and all help is greatly appreciated!

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 Upsell from Soundbooth...?

    Please, excuse any apparent ignorance on my part, but I've learned the hard way not to assume anything.
    "Adobe Audition CS5.5 Upsell from Soundbooth" is $99. Am I to understand that if I own Soundbooth CS5, I can buy the "upsell" of Audtion for $99. Or am I misunderstanding something here?
    TIA!

    Hi Jay,
    Yes.  If you have a license for Soundbooth CS5, you can upgrade/crossgrade to Audition CS5.5 for $99.  The Adobe.com FAQ for Audition goes into more detail, but the general upgrade path goes like this:
    Audition 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 - > Audition CS 5.5
    Soundbooth CS3, CS4, CS5 -> Audition CS 5.5
    Production Premium & Master Collection CS 3, CS 4, CS 5 - > Production Premium & Master Collection CS 5.5
    At least for the single products, you can cross request a license from Mac even if your old installation was for Windows.  I am not certain about the suites, but I'll look into it or you could call the Sales line directly as they may be easier to convince than a heartless, emotionless web page.

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5

    Adobe Audition CS5.5
    After putting the install cd in the cd rom drive the “Adobe Installer” load bar appears. The load bar builds to about 15 percent and then an error message appears stating “Installer failed to initialize. Please download Adobe Support Advisor to detect the problem”. I downloaded Adobe Support Advisor and it didn’t detect a problem.

    follow the steps in the
    http://helpx.adobe.com/creative-suite/kb/troubleshoot-error-messages-bootstrapper-cs5.html
    If this doesn't help then restart the machine
    On windows :- Selective startup (http://helpx.adobe.com/x-productkb/global/disable-startup-items-services-windows.html)
    On Mac :- Safe Mode (http://helpx.adobe.com/x-productkb/global/start-safe-boot-mode-mac.html)
    and then check

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 English user's guide

    Adobe Audition CS5.5 English user's guide
    I have the spanish version but I am trying download from Adobe and receive error.
    Can you put a direct link to download this user's guide ?
    Best Regards

    Here's a page with links to all of the documents:
    http://blogs.adobe.com/premiereprotraining/2010/08/help-documents-for-creative-suite-5-pdf -and-html.html

  • How i use adobe audition 6 as a plugin?

    how i use adobe audition 6 as a plugin?

    ...and exactly what you do mean by "plug in" in this context.  I have several items of software (mainly live sound playback) that allow me to specify what I want to use for audio editing and, of course, I have Audition specified in that box.

  • How To Deactivate Adobe Audition From Old PC Online

    How To Deactivate Adobe Audition From Old PC Online. Couz I Have sold The Old PC and Forgot To Unistall

    Hi Vicky,
    Here you go: Contact Customer Care
    Thanks,
    Kevin

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 is now Available for Purchase

    http://www.adobe.com/products/audition.html
    Attention all you existing Audition users, Mac Public Beta users, and other early adopters: I encourage everyone to download the 30 day trial of Audition CS5.5 and/or purchase it.
    As always, we appreciate your feedback (positive and negative), and as you can see on the forums, we are listening.
    If you're simply reporting a bug, please use the form here:
    https://www.adobe.com/cfusion/mmform/index.cfm?name=wishform
    If you're making a request for a new feature, or an improvement on an existing feature, also use the form here:
    https://www.adobe.com/cfusion/mmform/index.cfm?name=wishform
    If you're simply alerting us that there was something in a previous version that isn't in this version, please see this:
    http://kb2.adobe.com/cps/895/cpsid_89588.html
    Also, feel free to search in the forum as we may have already addressed the question for another user.

    I, like the vast majority of consumers, am not a regular forum user. Anything Durin wrote would have been outside my scope of vision. I'm quite certain that the forum community is contributed to and read by only a VERY small portion of Audition users. I personally only came to these forums after I bought and returned CS5.5 in hopes that I could get across to the Adobe team the reason why I felt the need to get my money back. I've been using Audition (and CEP) for over a decade, and this is the first time there's been a release called an upgrade even though it has far less features than the previous version. Due diligence is great. That's why I read EVERYTHING on the product page, which calls this release an upgrade (despite it having less features than a downgrade to 1.5) and fails to mention the huge decrease in features. You'd think that'd be pertinent information to put up front and center on the product page.
    I actually found that feature comparison chart after I had returned the purchase. I couldn't find it through on links on the actual product page though. It took a Google search. A feature comparison chart is standard on the product pages of most software. but Adobe had good reason to not make it readily available. In fact, there's not even a link to it in the ONE AND ONLY faq that mentions a feature reduction here: http://www.adobe.com/products/audition/faq.html. Faq stands for frequently asked questions. A quick look in the forum shows that there are certain other questions that are far more frequently asked than the ones that are currently posted in that faq.
    Likewise, the FEATURES page mentions nothing of the missing features. http://www.adobe.com/products/audition/features.html
    I value authentic and transparent companies. I should be able to expect an upgrade to be an upgrade and for any reputable company to inform me on the product page if otherwise. I practiced the amount of diligence appropriately due for such a purchase. Avoiding this would not have required due diligence, but excessive diligence, especially back in mid April, when I first pre-ordered the product.
    My suggestions:
    Make it clear on the product page that this version is missing  A LOT of the features that are in prior versions and that have been a staple of the product line. This version may be quite good as a product of it's own, but not when it's billed as an upgrade to a product that had far more features. Explain more clearly that it's a rebuild and that it lacks many features.
    Make the "feature comparison chart" a tab on the product page. It's more important than the current features tab, and more revealing than the reviews and faq tabs combined. Marketing teams should help people find what they want, not mislead them - through withheld information - into buying something they don't want. If the product is good, there's no reason to hide anything. A comprehensive reading of the product page will show anyone who's experienced this version that much of the relevant info about it is hidden.
    Update the faq to address the questions that are actually most frequently asked, and not just questions that you want people to ask so you can give the happiest sugar coated answer you have up your sleeve. These questions should include:
    What features are missing?
    When will the features be re-implemented? Update, or future version? CS6? When's that expected?
    How do I open Audition 3.0 sessions in CS5.5 (while preserving settings)?
    What members of the Audition clientele is this best suited for, and which users would be better off waiting for the next upgrade?
    Durin has definitely been great in clearing things up for us. Of course, that took people asking! I think if Durin was in charge of marketing there'd be happier customers (and probably less money wasted on the poor customer service system). It's not that difficult to just tell about the product as it is, warts and all. If the product has value, then there's no reason to hide the facts about it deep in the site. Just tell your costumers, in bold writing on the front of the product page, who amongst them the product is actually best suited for - and don't try to mislead the rest!!

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 - ReWire?

    Simple question - where ReWire in that new version, are ReWire exist in that new version?
    I'm using trial version & can't find ReWire like I'm found it in Audition 3!
    Anyway guys, how to ReWire Reason???

    I agree. Adobe already has SoundBooth. Upgrade that if you will and send the A/V guys there. But don't mess with the features I came to expect from AA3.0. No grouping of clips? Really????!!! Have you ever tried recording drums with more than one mic? Yeah, so has everyone else in the universe. And it sucks I have to edit those 8-10 tracks individually when I want to do the same edits and fades to the whole group. No MIDI... and no ReWire? Seriously? Pretty much every project I record uses a combination of MIDI and audio tracks these days. I mean, music is moving that direction. Most everyone uses virtual instruments sometime or another in their workflow, if for no other purpose than to easily set up and "audition" possibilities to be recorded later with session musicians. I can do without CD Burning and all that. It was nice, but whatever. I have used this program since it was Cool Edit Pro. I have loved it and was so excited about this performance upgrade. I had no idea that the price I was going to pay for a performance upgrade was $99 and the prospect of waiting until some time next year before I could migrate from Audition 3.0. That's IF they even get it right next year. I hope you guys up there are listening. Audition is for musicians. Always has been. Give us what we want, or we'll go to ProTools, which by the way no longer requires a DigiDesign interface. I hated them for their monopolistic practices and the fact that they obviously cared more about a dollar than serving the music community (proprietary plug-in format?... you suck). Now Adobe seems to have sold us a long-awaited "upgrade" while it was still, feature-wise, half-baked. I agree that the performance is greatly improved. But Adobe pulled a Vista on us. Windows 7.0, I hear, is as good as XP was and some may argue it is better. But Vista is a piece of poo. It was prematurely released to make some more money for Microsoft (since they have so little). I figured Adobe to be a little different. I have always loved Adobe. I have the Master Collection and use most everything on it. I upgraded to Audition CS5.5 without even a trial or much inquiry because I trusted that the upgrade would be at least as functional as what I already had. I can't even open my old sessions without a third-party program workaround (Ses2SesX). Michael at Suite Spot is awesome for making that happen, but without MIDI, this transition just isn't happening for me. I spent $99 dollars on an upgrade I might use for some mastering tasks. It is prohibitively retarded feature-wise for me to use it instead of AA3.0. Hope you invest my money well, Adobe. If you don't fix this by the next release, you're not getting any more of mine on this program... and I'm pretty sure alot of other musicians feel the same way. To recap this rant, here are some suggestions for 6.0:
    1) MIDI or ReWire... whichever is most convenient for you. I assume the metronome and grid would be included if AA6.0 comprises MIDI, so I won't include that as a separate number.
    2) Make everything backwards compatible. A real no-brainer there.
    3) Clip grouping. This is, again, just ridiculously obvious.
    4) Bring back manual pitch correction and clip time stretching in multi-track. These were really useful tools.
    5) Give users who bought an upgrade to 5.5 a free or greatly discounted upgrade to 6.0. First, because this would restore my trust in your organization a little. Second, because this upgrade isn't an upgrade for me... I can't use this program for the projects I work on, and must continue for the time being with 3.0 (which I think, conceptually, is about as nearly perfect a DAW as has ever been).
    Bottom line: Upgrade 3.0. Don't recreate it.

  • How to get Adobe Bridge CS5 to open an FLV file in another program?

    Hello Folks,
    How do I get Adobe Bridge CS5 to open an FLV file in another program other than Flash CS5?
    When I double click on an FLV video, it always opens Flash CS5.  I want to be able to use one of my other FLV player apps instead.
    Thanks

    How do I get Adobe Bridge CS5 to open an FLV file in another program other
    than Flash CS5?
    When I double click on an FLV video, it always opens Flash CS5.  I want to be
    able to use one of my other FLV player apps instead.
    For single use when having pointed the cursor on that file with right mouse
    click choose open with and choose the wished application from the fly out
    menu.
    For permanent use go to Bridge Preferences File Type Association section and
    from the list find the .flv file extension. In this line you can select the
    little triangle next to Adobe flash and from the list select the one you
    prefer, now the all open in this chosen app.

  • Adobe Audition CS5.5 Installtion Error

    Exit Code: 7
    -------------------------------------- Summary --------------------------------------
    - 0 fatal error(s), 11 error(s), 10 warning(s)
    WARNING: DW065: Display requirements not met for {D5B1535A-FDFC-4B40-B2E2-21DA83D9CB57}
    WARNING: DW065: Display requirements not met for {AD60EB24-4CEE-4CA0-A6AA-526EAF41F2DB}
    ----------- Payload: {08D2E121-7F6A-43EB-97FD-629B44903403} Microsoft_VC90_CRT_x86 1.0.0.0 -----------
    ERROR: Install MSI payload failed with error: 1618 - Another installation is already in progress. Complete that installation before proceeding with this install.
    MSI Error message:
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    WARNING: DW036: Payload cannot be installed due to dependent operation failure
    ERROR: DW050: The following payload errors were found during install:
    ERROR: DW050:  - Microsoft_VC90_ATL_x86: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Microsoft_VC90_CRT_x86: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Microsoft_VC90_MFC_x86: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - AdobeHelp: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Adobe Audition_AdobeAudition4en_USLanguagePack: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Microsoft_VC90_MFCLOC_x86: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Adobe Player for Embedding 3.1: Install failed
    ERROR: DW050:  - Adobe Audition: Failed due to Language Pack installation failure
    ERROR: DW050:  - Suite Shared Configuration CS5.5: Install failed

    I suggest that you contact Adobe customer support - we can't deal with installation issues like that at all, and they provide a free service to cover that.

Maybe you are looking for

  • Making http connection

    hi.. i try to make a connection to servlet when i press the submit button from midlet. the submit button getting the value from the textfield to query data from database. the db connection is ok, but im still confuse about the http connection code to

  • Late 2012 iMac does't see the thunderbolt ports

    late 2012 imac 3.4 i7 v10.8.5 doesn't see the thunderbolt ports in system report. both ports were working previously ( 2 wd mybookTB duos with raid 1 ). now neither port works. TB port does work with TB to FW adapter. help.

  • Modifying field lenght for an  external table via OWB

    Hi folks, After, I would like to thanks everyone that helps to improve the level of quality of this forum with questions and answers! I am having a problem with flat files and external tables: I can't specify the field length in the ORACLE_LOADER par

  • My account has been split, can't fix it.

    My account has been split exactly as as described in the thread titled "Why has my account spawned a similar identity?". My original account screen name set up ages ago is "gatorjim2000". The split account name is "gatorjim2000-ehBrrD". The gatorjim2

  • RMA for Configurations

    We are using PTO/ATO Models and want to ensure we only issue a credit note if the complete model was returned. Somehow Oracle interfaces each component/option directly to receivables interface. Do you know a way to ensure complete credit notes ? (oth