Oracle VM and storage network
I am running Oracle VM 3.1.1 on a server with 4 ethernet interfaces.
bond0 is setup with eth0 and eth1 and bond mode is active/backup. This bond is used by the managed network.
bond1 is setup with eth2 and eth3 and bond mode is dynamic link aggregation. This bond is used by public network.
Managed network channels: Server Management, Cluster Meartbeat and Live Migration
Public network channels: Storage and Virtual Machine
All my 7 virtual machines are installed on separte physical disk using iSCSI.
95% of my network traffic on dom0 is going though eth0, so I belive that iSCSI is not using the public network.
How can I make my VM use bond1 / public network for iSCSI traffic?
The managed nework did have storage assigned when I created the storage connection, but I have rebooted dom0 after applying the settings above. Can this be the problem?
Thanks in advance.
Regards,
Thomas
It matters if the traffic is routed or not. "Routing" traffic and "switching" traffic are two different things and the "bandiwidth" rating on "routing" traffic versus "switching" traffic are considerably lower. More takes place when a "packet" is routed than when it just uses layer 2 traffic. This must be taken in consideration when planning traffic between your VM servers and its respective "storage, VMs and etc. Personally, I would never have that traffic "routed". Never. Do it if you like. I wouldn't recommend it. Any time your "hop" to a target... you introduce latency. Maybe your network fabric can handle it now... But what will happen when you start adding to your environment?
Remember the maximumn throughput on a 1 GB connection is 125mbs. Even creating a 2 member bond just gives you 250/mbs. Throw a "hop" in the mix....... I just don't like the numbers. Especially if you're going to run several VM guests on one server.
I feel your pain. Oracle VM can be a complicated product to use if you don't understand its full functionality. If you don't have your system in production.... then change it. Go through the headache now. Oracle VM works very well when it is setup properly. Very well. I just implemented a RAC environment running Oracle's ERP systems for several hundred users. It works great. Haven't had one problem since the migration. Performance is spectacular...
Similar Messages
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Oracle hardware and storage solution configuration questions
Hi all,
I am configuring hardware and the storage solution for a project and am hoping to have some questions answered about using Oracle as the storage solution.
The current setup will have 2 Dell NX3100 NAS gateways each with dual quad core processors, 24GB of RAM, 12x2TB data disks, and running Windows Storage Server 2008 64bit as the OS.
Will also have direct attached storage of 2 Dell PowerVault MD1200 disk arrays, each disk array with 12 x 2Terabyte SAS disk drives giving a total of 36TB of storage space for each NAS Gateway.
Based on this information, is there any problem with two Oracle Standard Edition installation (1 per NAS) holding up to 36TB of data (mostly high res images) in this hardware configuration?
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Thanks in advance for any insight.Hi,
Does Oracle have a built in solution for replicating data between the 2 NAS heads and down to the disk arrays? Where the application sever will write to one of the NAS+disk arrays and then that data is written from the first NAS to the 2nd NAS+disk array? Currently I've used DoubleTake in other projects but am wondering if Oracle has something similar that is built in.NAS - I still doubt during the network issues (In case of RAC - all nodes would get afftected), I would not suggest certainly for this. Let the other experts reply back.
- Pavan Kumar N -
Compliance and Storage Network Isolation
I have two tenants in a multitenant environment that access the same iSCSI array. The iSCSI array has a limitation in that can only use one IP address on one vLAN. the result of this is that using this array means sharing a vLAN between two tenants, even though it is a non-routed vLAN dedicated to iSCSI. (ESXi vmkernel adapters from HA clusters in both tenants connect to the same iSCSI array). Tenant A has no special compliance requirements, but Tenant B does. The LUNs in the storage array are mapped only to the appropriate IPs for the appropriate ESXi servers in the respective environments to access. But will sharing this vLAN among iSCSI vmkernel ports in both tenants mean that Tenant B will be non-compliant with respect to a standard such as HIPAA? The vmkernel ports would be in the same broadcast domain.
It matters if the traffic is routed or not. "Routing" traffic and "switching" traffic are two different things and the "bandiwidth" rating on "routing" traffic versus "switching" traffic are considerably lower. More takes place when a "packet" is routed than when it just uses layer 2 traffic. This must be taken in consideration when planning traffic between your VM servers and its respective "storage, VMs and etc. Personally, I would never have that traffic "routed". Never. Do it if you like. I wouldn't recommend it. Any time your "hop" to a target... you introduce latency. Maybe your network fabric can handle it now... But what will happen when you start adding to your environment?
Remember the maximumn throughput on a 1 GB connection is 125mbs. Even creating a 2 member bond just gives you 250/mbs. Throw a "hop" in the mix....... I just don't like the numbers. Especially if you're going to run several VM guests on one server.
I feel your pain. Oracle VM can be a complicated product to use if you don't understand its full functionality. If you don't have your system in production.... then change it. Go through the headache now. Oracle VM works very well when it is setup properly. Very well. I just implemented a RAC environment running Oracle's ERP systems for several hundred users. It works great. Haven't had one problem since the migration. Performance is spectacular... -
Oracle SELECT and storage technique
Hi,
I have 2 questions please. First of all, what kind of storage mechanism is used in Oracle e.g Oracle 11g, is it HEAP BASED or some other?
Actually I am not able to search how Oracle stores the data into tables as I've heard that heap based storage is a mechanism in which the data is saved in the same order as it is being inserted?
What is the Linear Search?
I've performed test on more than 40 tables with simple SELECT and Elapsed time is always favoring 16k block size when compared to 4k and 8k data block size.
Just thinking the reason that why SELECT is favoring 16k in all the tests, because the data is saved in hundreds and thousands of data blocks and if it is in the smaller data block, it has to go and search more and more data blocks, is it true?
Please help me with your expert opinions and if possible please suggest me some book or paper which explains the ORACLE STORAGE MECHANISM AND SEARCHING MECHANISM i.e. LINEAR search or what?
I'll appreciate the suggestions.
Thanks a lot.
Best Regards,
JohnJohn-M wrote:
I see you've also re-opened an older question which overlaps with this topic - so I'll be making some comments there as well: Re: single col v/s multi col table elapsed time comparison
I have 2 questions please. First of all, what kind of storage mechanism is used in Oracle e.g Oracle 11g, is it HEAP BASED or some other?
The most commonly used mechanism is heap-based - rows are put wherever the next convenient space happens to be.
Actually I am not able to search how Oracle stores the data into tables as I've heard that heap based storage is a mechanism in which the data is saved in the same order as it is being inserted?
Not quite - but see other post.
What is the Linear Search? Depends how technical you want to be - the implication is that you "start at the beginning, work through to the end and then stop". The search it linear because the time it takes to complete it proportional with the volume of data available.
>
Please help me with your expert opinions and if possible please suggest me some book or paper which explains the ORACLE STORAGE MECHANISM AND SEARCHING MECHANISM i.e. LINEAR search or what?
The Concepts manual is pretty good on storage.
Regards
Jonathan Lewis -
Oracle Databases and Storage Systems like HP EVA
Hi everybody,
are there generel advantages or disadvantages using such storage systems?
I would be happy if somebody could talk about his experience using such systems.
Is there better/less performance with Oracle Databases? Better/less Security for my Data instead of using a local raid 5/1+0 for example? Or anything else I should now before using such a storage system.
What type of storage are you using? What type of disks would be the best (scsi/fata) ?
Please talk with me a little bit about your experience with storage systems and Oracle Databases ;-)
Thank you
scratchAbhi
Greate to meet another DBA in forum.The big problem we will face is SQL Tune.
Nothing much Diffnt supporting SAP.SAP PRovided some ready made tools to monitor and to solve.Reg tuning still we can follow same methoda but with approval from SAP or by ref SAP notes.Which u can find at service market place.
You can find some PDfs in sap market place and sdn.Which are ex'ly for DBas.
Reg Growth rate you can have a look on sap transactions and there are some notes also.I dont think there is specific Book or Doc which will say Dos and donts.
Performance we used to follow same methoda as a Dbas with ref of sap notes and support for any side effects.
let me know if are in need of any specific info
Regards
Vinod -
Does OVM 3 support network I/O management and storage I/O prioritization
Does OVM 3 support any QoS setting for networking and/or storage? If so how are they set? I have been looking and can't seem to locate these settings.
In OVM 2.2 network I/O traffic management and storage I/O prioritization could be set as described in this 2.2 blog posting.
http://blogs.oracle.com/virtualization/entry/oracle_vm_22_new_feature_cpu_s
ThanksIt is not manageable through the GUI but can be changed in the vm.cfg file. Example:
vif_other_config = [['00:16:3e:31:d5:4b', 'tbf', 'rate=8mbit,latency=50ms'], ['00:16:3e:52:c4:03', 'tbf', 'rate=10mbit']]
- ingress
vif = ['mac=00:16:3e:31:d5:4b,bridge=xenbr0,rate=10Mb/s@50ms'] - egress -
Oledb and path length - Oracle client and networking components ...
Hello,
I've been suddenly getting the
"Oracle client and networking components were not found. These components are supplied by Oracle Corporation and are part of the Oracle Version 7.3.3 or later client software installation."
error when trying to connect to an oracle 9.2 database using the msdaora oledb provider.
"..ora92/bin" is in my PATH environoment variable and the hints about setting read and execute permissions on the ..ora92/bin direction didn't work for me. However, what did do the trick, was reducing the length the PATH environement variable to under 182 characters.
Anybody else seen this that can explain what's gonig on here?
ErikHello Kamal,
Thanks for your reply
My system looks like this:
OS: MS Windows XP Professional Service Pack 2
msdaora version: 2.81.1117.0
This problem has only recently surfaced, but has now appeared on at least two other systems as well as my own. Any system changes must have happened on all three systems. I have "automatic updates" setup on my computer and they maybe setup on the other computers - could the be responsible for breaking oledb?
Other things I have tried:
The Oracle Oledb provider is also not working. It gives me the error:
"OraOLEDBpus.dll: the specified module could not be found"
When I reduce the size of the PATH variable it works too.
I am always able to run executables from the ../ora92/bin directory. So the path is only being wrongly interpreted by the Oledb providers.
Erik -
Oracle client and networking components were not found.
Hello, I've installed the oracle 9i Enterprise Edition, IIS, .NET framework 2.0 on a server, but when I want to open an aspx file i have this error:
Server Error in '/kinepolis' Application.
Oracle client and networking components were not found. These components are supplied by Oracle Corporation and are part of the Oracle Version 7.3.3 or later client software installation.
Provider is unable to function until these components are installed.
Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
Exception Details: System.Data.OleDb.OleDbException: Oracle client and networking components were not found. These components are supplied by Oracle Corporation and are part of the Oracle Version 7.3.3 or later client software installation.
Provider is unable to function until these components are installed.
Source Error:
An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below.
Stack Trace:
[OleDbException (0x80004005): Oracle client and networking components were not found. These components are supplied by Oracle Corporation and are part of the Oracle Version 7.3.3 or later client software installation.
Provider is unable to function until these components are installed.]
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnectionInternal..ctor(OleDbConnectionString constr, OleDbConnection connection) +1054593
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningObject) +53
System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreateNonPooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPoolGroup poolGroup) +27
System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) +47
System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) +105
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection.Open() +37
System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.FillInternal(DataSet dataset, DataTable[] datatables, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) +121
System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, Int32 startRecord, Int32 maxRecords, String srcTable, IDbCommand command, CommandBehavior behavior) +137
System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter.Fill(DataSet dataSet, String srcTable) +83
System.Web.UI.WebControls.SqlDataSourceView.ExecuteSelect(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments) +1770
System.Web.UI.DataSourceView.Select(DataSourceSelectArguments arguments, DataSourceViewSelectCallback callback) +17
System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataBoundControl.PerformSelect() +149
System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.DataBind() +70
System.Web.UI.WebControls.GridView.DataBind() +4
System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataBoundControl.EnsureDataBound() +82
System.Web.UI.WebControls.CompositeDataBoundControl.CreateChildControls() +69
System.Web.UI.Control.EnsureChildControls() +87
System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() +41
System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() +161
System.Web.UI.Control.PreRenderRecursiveInternal() +161
System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +1360
Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.42; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.42
Do i really also need to install the client 6i on that server?
Can somebody help me?
thanksHi Guys,
I am wondering about this error as while I am using the same code to connect to the Oracle database server in my Windows program with Win Forms, the connection to the Oracle server is established and working fine.
But when I have tried to use it with Web Forms for my ASP.NET Application, it throws me out with these exceptions :
?ex.Message
"Oracle client and networking components were not found. These components are supplied by Oracle Corporation and are part of the Oracle Version 7.3.3 or later client software installation.
Provider is unable to function until these components are installed."
?ex.StackTrace
" at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection.ProcessResults(Int32 hr)
at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection.InitializeProvider()
at System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection.Open()
at PMlitDocs_NET.checkMe.Button1_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\PMlitDocs_NET\checkMe.aspx.vb:line 32"
Can anyone help?
Trush. -
Am I charged for storage and virtual networks?
I just finished this hands on lab:
http://blogs.technet.com/b/keithmayer/archive/2013/01/07/step-by-step-build-a-free-sharepoint-2013-lab-in-the-cloud-with-windows-azure-31-days-of-servers-in-the-cloud-part-7-of-31.aspx#.Uv82evldVS4
I already stopped all the virtual machines.
However I see online, Default Directory, Storage Account and Virtual Network.
Will I be charged for those?
Follow me on Twitter <<<
levalencia Blog <<<Hi
Storage account is free, Azure charge for storage, if you never store any thing associated to the storage account, that's free.
So does Vitual network
Please refer to this:
Storage
www.windowsazure.com/en-us/pricing/details/storage/
Vitrual Network
http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/pricing/details/virtual-network/
The Default Directory is the Azure Active Directory tied to your Azure account It's free
Please mark post as answered if it helped! -
Welcome to the Storage Networking Discussion
Welcome to the Cisco Networking Professionals Connection Emerging Technologies Forum. This conversation will provide you the opportunity to discuss issues surrounding Storage Networking. We encourage everyone to share their knowledge and start conversations on issues such as storage consolidation, disaster recovery, data replication and any other topic concerning Storage Networking.
Remember, just like in the workplace, be courteous to your fellow forum participants. Please refrain from using disparaging or obscene language or posting advertisements.
We encourage you to tell your fellow networking professionals about the site!
If you would like us to send them a personal invitation simply send their names and e-mail addresses along with your name to us at [email protected]Hi guys,
I am new to Oracle so I have 2 basic Technology&Software questions for an RFI, which I wasn't able to find answered for EBS R12:
8.1 Please list any specific hardware requirements/prerequisites your company’s product may have with regards to the application & database servers, clients/workstations…
8.2 Please list any specific software requirements/prerequisites your company’s products may have with regards to the operating system, database….
I know it is pretty basic stuff, but would appreciate any kind of information on these topics.
Thanks a lot!
Denisa -
Oracle DB and File system backup configuration
Hi,
As I understand from the help documents and guides, brbackup, brarchive and brrestore are the tools which are used for backing up and restoring the oracle database and the file system. We have TSM (Trivoli Storage manager) in our infrastructure for managing the backup centrally. Before configuring the backup with TSM, I want to test the backup/restore configuration locally i.e. storing the backup to local file system and then restoring from there. Our backup strategy is to have full online backup on the weekends and incremental backup on the weekdays. Given this, following are the things, I want to test.
1. Full online backup (to local file system)
2. Incremental online backup (to local file system)
3. Restore (from local file system)
I found help documents to be very generic and couldn't get any specific information for the comprehensive configuration to achieve this. Can someone help with end to end configuration?
We are using SAP Portal 7.0 (NW2004s) with Oracle 10g database hosted on AIX server.
Helpful answers will be rewarded
Regards,
ChandraThanks for your feedback. I am almost clear about this issue now, except one point need to be confirmed: do you mean that on linux or unix, if required, we can set "direct to disk" from OS level, but for windows, it's default "direct to disk", we do not need to set it manually.
And I have a further question: If a database is stored on a SAN disk, say, a volume from disk array, the disk array could take snapshot for a disk on block level, we need to implement online backup of database. The steps are: alter tablespace begin backup, alter system suspend, take a snapshot of the volume which store all database files, including datafiles, redo logs, archived redo logs, controll file, service parameter file, network parameter files, password file. Do you think this backup is integrity or not. please note, we do not flush the fs cache before all these steps. Let's assume the SAN cache could be flushed automatically. Can I think it's integrity because the redo writes are synchronous. -
Storage Network Role - Is it implemented in 3.2?
The following link states that the Storage Networking Role is not functional and is for future use... this article is dated Nov. 2012. Can somone please confirm if this role is functional in Oracle VM Server 3.2?
The reason for asking is that I want to separate the storage traffic (iSCSI) from the network traffic.
[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/servers-storage-admin/networking-ovm-x86-1873548.html]
Edited by: 995366 on 21-Mar-2013 07:47I am using ths with 3.2.2: one network for storage and one for everything else. works fine. I even just confirmed with tcpdump that the proper networks are being used
cheers
bjoern -
Exporting database from oracle 11g and then importing it in oracle 10g
Hi! there every one...
please tell me the way to export the data and my data structures i.e the complete database from Oracle 11g to older version(oracle 10g) and how to import it there..
i'm moving the database from one machine to another without lan, preferably via storage device...EXPORT FROM 11G to 10G.
1) log on to 11G box.
2) cd /<>/product/app/oracle/product/10.2/network/admin/
3) Get the connection string from tnsnames.ora for the respective instances
4) export ORACLE_HOME=/<>/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
5) export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
6) cd /<>/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/bin
7) #>./exp file= test.dmp ......
Username: user1@<connection_string>
Password:*******
8) Import as usual -
ORACLE SERVER AND UNIX TP MONITOR-1
제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 2002-05-17
====================================================================
Subject: Oracle Server and UNIX Transaction Processing Monitors - 1
=====================================================================
PURPOSE
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
o What is a Transaction Processing Monitor (TPM)?
o What is the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model?
o How does the Oracle Server works with TPMs?
o How should I position TPMs with my customer?
o What Oracle products must a customer purchase?
o Where can my customer purchase a TPM?
o Availability and packaging
Explanation & Example
What is a Transaction Processing Monitor?
=========================================
Under UNIX, a Transaction Processing Monitor (TPM) is a tool that coordinates
the flow of transaction requests between front-end client processes that issue
requests and back-end servers that process them. A TPM is used as
the "glue" to coordinate transactions that require the services of several
different types of back-end processes, such as application servers and
resource managers, possibly distributed over a network.
In a typical TPM environment, front-end client processes perform screen
handling and ask for services from back-end server processes via calls to the
TPM. The TPM then routes the requests to the appropriate back-end server
process or server processes, wherever they are located on the network. Through
configuration information, the TPM knows what services are available and where
they are located. Generally, the back-end server processes are specialized so
that each one handles one type of requested service. The TPM provides
location transparency as well and can send messages through the network
utilizing lower-level transport services such as TCP/IP or OSF DCE.
The back-end servers process the requests as necessary and
return the results back to the TP monitor. The TP monitor then routes
these results back to the original front-end client process.
A TPM is instrumental in the implementation of truly distributed processing.
Front-end clients and back-end processes have no knowledge of each
other. They operate as separate entities, and it is this concept that provides
flexibility in application development. Front-end and back-end processes are
developed in the UNIX client-server style, with each side optimized for its
particular task. Server functionality can be deployed in stages, which makes
it easy to add functionality as needed later in the product cycle. It also
makes it easy to distribute both the front-end and back-end processes
throughout the network on the most appropriate hardware for the job. In
addition, multiple back-end server processes of the same type might be
activated to handle increasing numbers of users.
What is the X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing Model?
============================================================
The X/Open Transaction Processing working group has been working
for several years to establish a standard architecture to implement
distributed transaction processing on open systems. In late 1991,
X/Open published the initial Distributed Transaction Processing (DTP)
model specification and defined the first of several interfaces that
exist between the components of the model. Subsequently, other publications
and a revised model specification have been published.
An important function of the TPM in the X/Open DTP model is the
synchronization of any commits and rollbacks that are required to complete
a distributed transaction request. The Transaction Manager (TM) portion
of the TPM is the entity responsible for ordering when distributed commits
and rollbacks will take place. Thus, if a distributed application program
is written to take advantage of the TM portion of the TPM, then it,
and not the DBMS, becomes responsible for enabling the two-phase commit
process. Article 2 has more detail on this model.
How does the Oracle Server work with TPMs?
==========================================
When a TPM is used without invoking an X/Open TM component to manage the
transactions, Oracle Server needs no special functionality. The transaction
will be managed by Oracle itself. However, when the TPM X/Open TM component
is used to manage the transaction, the Oracle Server, that is the Oracle DBMS,
acts as a Resource Manager--a type of back-end process. In the case of
TPM-managed transactions, the TM needs a way to tell the RMs about the stages
of the transaction. This is done by a standard, X/Open defined interface
called XA. Article 2 of of this document gives more information about both
the X/Open model and Oracle7's use of XA.
Because the XA interface provides a standard interface between the TM and the
resource manager, it follows that the TM can communicate with any XA-compliant
resource manager (e.g., RDBMS), and, conversely, that a resource manager can
communicate with any XA-compliant TM. Thus, the Oracle Server, beginning with
Oracle7, works with any XA-compliant TM.
How should I position TPMs with my customer?
============================================
There's been a great deal of confusion about the need for TPM technology. Some
software suppliers, most notably IBM, will assert that a TPM like CICS is a
necessary requirement for high volume OLTP. Other vendors will assert that
there is seldom a need for such technology. And yet others promote TPMs as
providers of higher transaction throughput.
From Oracle's standpoint, customers might choose TPM technology under any of
the following conditions:
1. For heterogeneous database access, especially for 2PC capability
This means that a TPM can be used to coordinate 2PC between Oracle
DBMS and any other XA-compliant database, such as Informix. This
does NOT provide SQL heterogeneity - SQL calls to Oracle DBMS may be
different than SQL calls to Informix. The TPM handles the routing,
communication, and two-phase commit portion of the transaction, but
does not translate one type of SQL call into another.
2. For transaction monitoring and workload control
The leading TPMs supply tools to actively manage the flow of
transactions between clients and servers and to load balance the work
load across all available processors on a network, not just on a
single multi-processor system. Some TPMs also have the ability to
dynamically bring up additional back-end services during peak work
hours.
3. For more flexible application development and installation
One of the key features of the DTP model is application modularity.
Modularity, that is, the decomposition of a large program into small,
easily defined, coded and maintained "mini-programs" makes it easy to
add new functionality as needed. Modularity also makes it much easier
to distribute the front-end and back-end processes and the resource
managers across hardware throughout a network.
4. For isolating the client from details of the data model
By using the service oriented programming model, the client program
is unaware of the data model. The service can be recoded to use a
different one with no change to the client. To get this advantage,
the application developer must explicitly code the server and client
to fit the service model.
5. For connection of thousands of users
TP Monitors, because of their three-tier architecture, can be used
to connect users to an intermediate machine or machines, removing
the overhead of handling terminal connections from the machine
actually running the database. See Article 4 for more information.
There are also several cases where TPM technology is not the right answer.
These include:
1. If the customer is simply looking for a performance improvement
The customer may have heard a theory that "higher performance
is possible for large scale applications only if they use a
TP monitor". First, no performance gain can be achieved for
existing applications; in fact, they won't even run under a TP
Monitor without recoding. Second, performance improvements have
only been documented for large numbers of users, and "large"
means many hundreds or thousands. Without a TP Monitor,
Oracle Server can handle several hundred users with its normal
two-task architecture and several times that using the Multi
Threaded Server. For more on performance, see Article 4.
2. If the customer has made large investment in his existing Oracle
applications
TP monitor applications must be designed from the ground up to take
advantage of TP monitor technology. Current Oracle customers will find
it difficult to "retrofit" a TP monitor to their existing applications.
The Multi Threaded Server, on the other hand, allows the use of
existing Oracle applications without change.
3. If the customer is committed to the Oracle tool set
Currently, none of Oracle's front-end tools (Oracle Forms, etc.) is
designed to work with TP monitors. It is possible to invoke a
TP Monitor by using user exits. However, the fact that the TP
Monitor model hides the data model from the client means that only
the screen display parts of Forms can be used, not the automatic
mapping from screen blocks to tables.
4. If the customer does not have a staff of experienced software engineers
This is still very young technology for UNIX. There is not a lot of
knowledge in the industry on how to build TP monitor applications or
what techniques are most useful and which are not. Furthermore,
integrating products from different vendors, even with the support
of standard interfaces, is more complex than deploying an integrated
all-Oracle solution. Because TP monitor technology is fairly
complex, we recommend that you let the TP monitor supplier promote
the virtues of their technology and differentiate themselves from
their competitors.
What Oracle products must a customer purchase?
==============================================
If your customer is only interested in building Oracle-managed TP Monitor
transactions, the only Oracle products required are the Oracle Server
and the appropriate Oracle precompiler for whatever language the
application is being written in--most likely C or Cobol. If TPM-managed
transactions are required, the Oracle7 Server with the distributed option
is also required. SQL*Net is optional because the TPM takes care of the
network services. Article 2 describes when you would choose to have the TP
Monitor manage the transactions.
Where can my customer purchase a TPM?
=====================================
There are many vendors offering the UNIX TPM products. (Oracle does not
relicense TPMs.) Information on the most well known products is provided
below:
The following support XA:
Product & Vendor FCS Known OS/Platform Ports
"TUXEDO System/T" 1986 UNIX SVR4 & SVR3: Amdahl, AT&T,
UNIX System Laboratories Bull, Compaq, Dell, Fujitsu, ICL,
190 River Road Motorola, Olivetti, Pyramid,Sequent,
Summit, NJ 07901 Sun, Toshiba, Unisys, NCR, Stratus
Other: IBM AIX, HP/UX, DEC Ultrix
"TOP END" 1992 UNIX SVR4: NCR
NCR Corporation
1334 S. Patterson Blvd.
Dayton, OH 45479
"ENCINA" 1992 IBM AIX, HP, Sun (SunOS and Solaris)
Transarc Corporation Other: OS/2, DOS, HP-UX, STRATUS
707 Grant Street (Depends on DCE)
Pittsburgh, PA 15219
"CICS/6000" 1993 AIX: IBM
IBM Corporation (Depends on DCE)
"CICS 9000" 1994 HP-UX
HP
The following do not currently support XA:
Product & Vendor FCS Known OS/Platform Ports
"VIS/TP" unknown unknown
VISystems, Inc.
11910 Greenville Avenue
Dallas, TX 75243
"UniKix" 1990 UNIX: ARIX, AT&T, NCR, Pyramid,
UniKix Sequent, Sun, Unisys
"MicroFocus 1993 SCO Unix, AIX
Transaction System"
Micro Focus
26 West Street
Newbury RG13 1JT
UK
There are also several third parties who are reselling the products listed
above.
In addition, Groupe Bull, Digital, Siemens-Nixdorf, and several other hardware
vendors are planning to redesign their proprietary TPMs to be XA-compliant and
suitable for use on UNIX systems.
Availability and Packaging
==========================
On what platforms is the XA Library available?
Oracle provides the XA interface with Oracle7 Server on all platforms that
support an XA-compliant TPM. Support for XA is included as part of the
Oracle7 Server distributed option and has no extra charge in and of itself.
Which version of XA does Oracle Server support?
Oracle7 Server supports the Common Application Environment (CAE) version of
XA, based on the specification published by X/Open in late 1991. It will
require that the TM also be at that level. This means Tuxedo /T version 4.2,
for example.
Oracle Server supports all required XA functions. There are some optional
features Oracle Server does not support, such as asynchronous operation.
None of those options affect application programming.
Page (2/4)
This file contains commonly asked questions about Oracle Server and UNIX
Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs). The topics covered in this article are
o Oracle Server Working with UNIX TPMs
o TPM Application Architecture
The questions answered in part 2 provide additional detail to the information
provided in part 1.
Oracle Server Working with UNIX TP Monitors
===========================================
Do I need XA to use Oracle Server with TPMs? If I don't use it, what are
the consequences?
There are a number of real applications running today with Oracle Server and
TPMs but not using XA. To use a TPM with Oracle without using XA, the user
would write an "application server" program which could handle one or more
"services". For example, a server program might handle a service called
"debit_credit". The key requirement is that the entire transaction,
including the "commit work", must be executed within a single service. This
is the restriction which XA will remove, as we'll see later. Each
server process can serially handle requests on behalf of different clients.
Because a server process can handle many client processes, this can
reduce the total number of active processes on the server system,
thereby reducing resource requirements and possibly increasing overall
throughput.
When Oracle is used with a TPM in this mode, we call it an Oracle-managed
transaction since the transaction commit or rollback is done with a SQL
statement.
What is XA? How does XA help Oracle7 work with UNIX TPMs?
XA is an industry standard interface between a Transaction Manager and a
Resource Manager. A Resource Manager (RM) is an agent which
controls a shared, recoverable resource; such a resource can be
returned to a consistent state after a failure. For example, Oracle7 Server
is an RM and uses its redo log and undo segments to be able to do this.
A Transaction Manager (TM) manages a transaction including the
commitment protocol and, when necessary, the recovery after a failure.
Normally, Oracle Server acts as its own TM and manages its own commitment
and recovery. However, using a standards-based TM allows Oracle7 to
cooperate with other heterogeneous RMs in a single transaction.
The commonly used TPMs include a TM component for this purpose. In order to
use the TM capability of the TPM rather than Oracle7's own transaction
management, the application uses a transaction demarcation API (called TX)
provided by the TPM rather than the SQL transaction control statements (e.g.
"commit work"). For each TX call, the TM then instructs all RMs, by the
appropriate XA commands, to follow the two-phase commit protocol. We
call this a TPM-managed transaction.
The following picture shows these interfaces within a monolithic application
program model. This is the model most commonly described in the
DTP literature. We'll see later what the picture looks like when we add
Oracle7 and when we switch to a modularized client-server application
program model.
| |
| |
| Application Program (AP) |
| |
| |
| | | |
Resource Manager API | | | |
(e.g. SQL) -----|--|------------- | TX API
| | v | |
--------|------------- | |
| v | | v
---------------------- | | --------------------
| | | | | |
| Resource | | |<----->| Transaction |
| Managers | |--- | Manager |
| (RMs) | |<-------->| (TM) |
| |--- | |
| |<----------->| |
---------------------- XA --------------------
Interface
The XA interface is an interface between two system components, not
an application program interface; the application program does
not write XA calls nor need to know the details of this interface.
The TM cannot do transaction coordination without the assistance of
the RM; the XA interface is used to get that assistance.
How does the DTP Model support client-server?
The above picture was actually simplified to make it easier to explain
the role of XA. In a true distributed transaction architecture, there
are multiple applications, each with an Application Program, a Resource
Manager, and a Transaction Manager. The applications communicate by
using a Communication Resource Manager. The CRM is generally provided
as a component of the TPM. It includes the transaction information when
it sends messages between applications, so that both applications can
act of behalf of the same transaction. The following picture
illustrates this:
Client Application
| AP |
||| | |
SQL ||| | TX | CRM
||V V | API
-||-- ----- |
| |V | | | V
--|-- |<---| | -----
| V || | | | |
----- |<----| TM |<-->| CRM |
| || | |XA+ | |
| RMs |<-----| | -----
| | XA | | A
----- ----- | Server Application
| -----------------------------
| | AP |
| -----------------------------
| ||| | |
| SQL ||| | TX | CRM
| ||V V | API
| -||-- ----- |
| | |V | | | V
| --|-- |<---| | -----
| | V || | | | |
| ----- |<----| TM |<-->| CRM |
| | || | |XA+ | |
| | RMs |<-----| | -----
| | | XA | | A
| ----- ----- |
| |
| |
-------- |
/ |
/ |
/ |
Most TP Monitor products include both a TM and a CRM, and also provide
additional functions such as task scheduling and workload monitoring.
What is XA+? What does Oracle need to do to comply with it?
XA+ is an interface that lets the X/Open model actually be distributed
because it allows a communication resource manager to tell a TM on the
server that a message from a client just came in for a particular
transaction. Oracle is not currently planning to provide an X/Open
communication resource manager, so we don't have any plans right now
to do XA+. Version 2 of the DTP model paper from X/Open describes it.
The status of the current XA+ specification is "snapshot".
When would I choose an Oracle-managed transaction vs a TPM-managed
transaction?
Oracle Server is very efficient at managing its own transactions. If
the TPM manages the transaction, in general some additional overhead
will be incurred.
The two main reasons a customer might prefer to use a TPM-managed
transaction are as follows:
(1) He may need to update RMs from different vendors. Experience so far
has been that the most common case is wanting to update both Oracle and
a TP Monitor managed resource such as a transactional queuing service
in the same transaction (see Article 3).
(2) He may want to use the model of having several different services in
a transaction, even to the same database. For example, the
"debit_credit" service could be split into a "debit" service and a
"credit" service. This is a very attractive model, but this type of
modularity does exact a performance penalty (see Article 4).
Can I get a version of XA to run on Oracle Server version 6?
No, the XA functionality uses two underlying mechanisms in the Oracle
Server which are not available in version 6: two-phase commit and
session switching. The upi calls for these functions do not not exist
in version 6.
When would I use XA vs Oracle7 to coordinate all-Oracle distributed
transactions?
Generally speaking, Oracle Server should be used to coordinate all-Oracle
distributed transactions. The main reason for using XA to coordinate
transactions would be that you want to use the TP Monitor service-oriented
architecture. That is, you would like to construct an application built of
services and service requests in order to benefit from the modularity and
workload control such an environment provides.
TP Monitor Application Architecture
===================================
What might a TP Monitor application look like?
Most TPM applications will consist of two more more programs, where
there are front-end client programs which request services and back-end
server programs which provide services. In this case, the TPM supplies an
additional capability which is transactional communication. The client
describes the boundaries of the transaction, through the use of the TX API,
and the TPM relays that transaction information to each requested service.
The overall application structure generally looks like the following in the
client-server model. The "TP Monitor Services" box is not necessarily a
process. It could be one or more processes, or just libraries coordinating
through shared memory. Each client process and server process could be on
a different machine. Normally, the application server processes would be
connected to their Oracle Server processes using the IPC driver; the TPM
would be used to deliver messages between application client processes on
one machine and application server processes on another. However, the
application server processes could also be connected with the standard
Oracle SQL*Net to shadow processes on different machines. This might be
useful if one of the databases was on a machine which did not support TPMs.
|Application| |Application| |Application|
| Client 1 | | Client 2 | | Client 3 |
| | | | | |
\ TPM API | TPM API / TPM API
| |
| TP Monitor Services |
| |
| --------------------- |
| | Transaction Manager | |
---------------|---------------|---------------------
TPM API | | XA | XA | TPM API
| | inter- | inter- |
| | face | face |
| | | |
----------- | | -----------
|Application| | | |Application|
| Server 1 |--- ---| Server 2 |
| (Pro*C) | | | | (Pro*C) |
| SQL | SQL
| | | |
| Resource ----------- ----------- |
| Manager | | | | |
| | Oracle7 | | Oracle7 | |
| | Server | | Server | |
| | Process | | Process | |
| | | | | |
| ----------- ----------- |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | SGA | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------------------------- |
| |
Application client programs might be written in C and be linked with
TPM libraries. Alternatively, they could use a screen painter product.
Application server programs would be written in Pro*C or Pro*COBOL and
be linked with TPM libraries, the normal Oracle7 user-side libraries
and libxa.a. The Oracle7 Server process is the regular Oracle7 executable.
More complicated application architectures can also be constructed. Most of
the TPMs allow a server to become a client of another service, so you can
involve additional servers.
Could I use Oracle7's Multi Threaded Server as the SQL*Net connection in the
previous picture?
Yes, but that will not be needed in many cases. For example, both
application server processes in the previous picture could talk to a
single Oracle7 Server process through the Multi Threaded Server in the
previous picture. However, since the TPM architecture typically reduces
the number of server processes, the reduction in processes using Multi
Threaded Server may be less significant than in an architecture without
TPMs. If the application will use database links, however, then MTS will
be required.
How do I write an Oracle TP Monitor application?
The actual API used to talk to the TPM varies between vendors, so you need
to get the documentation from the vendor. However, all have a way to
indicate where a transaction begins and ends and a way to send a request
and receive a response from a client to a server. Some use an RPC model,
some use a pseudo-RPC model, and some use a send/receive model. The TX API
described earlier is a subset of the TPM API as defined by each of
the TPM providers.
The client program and server program might look something like the
following examples. We h (such as Tuxedo's
"tpacall
Reference Ducumment
---------------------hello,
the role is the same on all plattforms. the reports server takes requests for running reports, spawns an engine that executes the request. in addition to that, the server also provides scheduling services and security features for the reports environment.
regards,
the oracle reports team -
Live Migration and private network
Is it a best practice to put up a Private Network beetween the nodes in a pool (reserving a few network cards and switch ports for it), to have a dedicated network for the traffic generated e.g. by live migration and/or ocfs2 heartbeat? I was wondering why such setup is generally recommended in other virtualization solutions, but apparently it's not considered strictly necessary in OVM... Why? Are there any docs regarding this? I couldn't find any.
Thanks!Hi Roynor,
regarding the physical separation beetween management+hypervisor and the guest VMs, it's now implemented and working...
My next doubt on the list of doubts :-) at this point is:
I could easily set up ONE MORE dedicated bond, create a Bridge with a private IP on it on each server (e.g. 10.xxx.xxx.xxx), and then create a Private VLAN completely insulated from the rest of the world.
I'd be putting the physical switch ports where the Private Bonds/Bridges belong to on the same VLAN ID.
But:
- How can I be sure that this network WILL be actually used by the relevant traffic? If I'm not wrong, when you set up e.g. a physical RAC cluster, at a certain point you are prompted to choose what network to use for the Heartbeat (and it will be marked as PRIVATE), and what network will be used by clients traffic (PUBLIC).
In Oracle VM such setting does not exist... Neither during installation, nor in VM Manager, nowhere.
- Apart from Security, I'm doubting that during heavy VMs migration problems could arise, because if the network gets saturated, there are chances that the OCFS2 heartbeat would be somehow "lost", therefore messing up HA etc. This is at least the reason why in a RAC setup a private network is highly recommended.
- I finally found that doc you mention from IBM (thanks for pointing it out!) but my opinion is that THEIR INTENTION was to separate the traffic at the same way I'd like to, but there is simply NO PROOF that such setup would work... They do not mention where you can specify what traffic you want to be on what network...
This is a very important point... I'm wondering why this lack of information.
Thanks for your feedback, btw
Edited by: rlomba on Dec 17, 2009 6:16 AM
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