SOA real-time design question

Hi All,
We are currently working with SOA Suite 11.1.1.4. I have a SOA application requirement to receive real-time feed for six data tables from an external third party. The implementation consists of five one-way operations in the WSDL to populate the six database tables.
I have a design question. The organization plans to use this data across various departments which requires to replicate or supply the data to other internal databases.
In my understanding there are two options
1) Within the SOA application fork the data hitting the web-service to different databases.
My concern with this approach is what if organizations keep coming with such requests and I keep forking and supplying multiple internal databases with the same data. This feed has to be real-time, too much forking with impact the performance and create unwanted dependencies for this critical link for data supply.2) I could tell other internal projects to get the data from the populated main database.
My concern here is that firstly the data is pushed into this database flat without any constraints and it is difficult to query to get specific data. This design has been purposely put in place to facilitate real-time performance.Also asking every internal projects to get data from main database will affect its performance.
Please suggest which approach should I take (advantage/disadvantage. Apart from the above two solutions, is there any other recommended solution to mitigate the risks. This link between our organization and external party is somewhat like a lifeline for BAU, so certainly don't want to create more dependencies and overhead.
Thanks

I had tried implementing the JMS publisher/subscriber pattern before, unfortunately I experienced performance was not so good compared to the directly writing to the db adapter. I feel the organization SOA infrastructure is not setup correctly to cope with the number of messages coming through from external third party. Our current setup consists of three WebLogic Servers (Admin, SOA, BAM) all running on only 8GB physical RAM on one machine. Is there Oracle guideline for setting up infrastructure for a SOA application receiving roughly 600000 messages a day. I am using SOA 11.1.1.4. JMS publisher/subscriber pattern just does not cope and I see significant performance lag after few hours of running. The JMS server used was WebLogic JMS
Thanks
Edited by: user5108636 on Jun 13, 2011 4:19 PM
Edited by: user5108636 on Jun 13, 2011 7:03 PM

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regards,
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<
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VALUES(54321,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'TUE'),'DDD')+((1/24)*5)+((1/24/60)*15),'A',SYSDATE-4,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'MON'),'DDD')+((1/24)*18)+((1/24/60)*30),'A',SYSDATE-4,NULL,'N');
--all schedules related to equip_id = 98765
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'MON'),'DDD')+((1/24)*9)+((1/24/60)*45),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'TUE'),'DDD')+((1/24)*7)+((1/24/60)*30),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'WED'),'DDD')+((1/24)*7)+((1/24/60)*45),'I',SYSDATE-10,SYSDATE-3,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'THU'),'DDD')+((1/24)*7)+((1/24/60)*20),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'FRI'),'DDD')+((1/24)*6)+((1/24/60)*0),'A,SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'SAT'),'DDD')+((1/24)*11)+((1/24/60)*15),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'SUN'),'DDD')+((1/24)*9)+((1/24/60)*45),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'H');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'MON'),'DDD')+((1/24)*16)+((1/24/60)*30),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'TUE'),'DDD')+((1/24)*15)+((1/24/60)*15),'I',SYSDATE-10,SYSDATE-3,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'WED'),'DDD')+((1/24)*15)+((1/24/60)*30),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'THU'),'DDD')+((1/24)*15)+((1/24/60)*5),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'FRI'),'DDD')+((1/24)*14)+((1/24/60)*45),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'SAT'),'DDD')+((1/24)*15)+((1/24/60)*0),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'SUN'),'DDD')+((1/24)*15)+((1/24/60)*30),'A',SYSDATE-10,NULL,'H');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(98765,1,'I',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'WED'),'DDD')+((1/24)*10)+((1/24/60)*45),'A',SYSDATE-3,NULL,'N');
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES(54321,1,'O',TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-10,'TUE'),'DDD')+((1/24)*17)+((1/24/60)*15),'A',SYSDATE-3,NULL,'N');USER INTERFACE:
User chooses object, say from a drop-down menu populated by the query:
SELECT     obj_id || ' - ' || obj_desc     AS my_object
FROM     obj_table
MY_OBJECT
1 - some work area #1
2 - some work area #2
3 - some work area #3You will need to store just obj_id for use later..
User chooses equipment, again, possibly from a drop-down menu populated by the query:
SELECT     equip_id || ' - ' || equip_desc     AS my_equipment
FROM     equip_table
MY_EQUIPMENT
12345 - STARRETT micrometer, SN#12345
54321 - STARRETT calipers, SN#54321
98765 - STARRETT hole gauge, SN#98765You will need to store just equip_id for use later...
At this point, the next query will need to automatically run upon the user having chosen both criteria, or the user will need to press a 'Go' button or something, and you'll need to somehow (I'm not familiar with JDeveloper to tell you how) to feed over the values that the user selected for obj_id and equip_id, and the following query will pull up the current active schedule (I made the assumption that each day will only have one in and one out time):
SELECT     day_name
,     MIN(in_time)     AS in_time
,     MIN(out_time)     AS out_time
FROM     (
     SELECT     holiday_flag
     ,     CASE
               WHEN     holiday_flag     = 'H'
               THEN     'HOLIDAYS'
               ELSE     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'DAY')
          END                         AS day_name
     ,     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'D')          AS in_out_day
     ,     CASE
               WHEN     in_out_flag     = 'I'
               THEN     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'HH24:MI')
          END                         AS in_time
     ,     CASE
               WHEN     in_out_flag     = 'O'
               THEN     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'HH24:MI')
          END                         AS out_time
     FROM     work_table
     WHERE     active_flag     = 'A'
     AND     equip_id     = :equip_id     --bind variable containing chosen equip_id
     AND     obj_id          = :obj_id     --bind variable containing chosen obj_id
GROUP BY     day_name
,          in_out_day
,          holiday_flag
ORDER BY      CASE
               WHEN     holiday_flag     = 'H'
               THEN     '9'
               WHEN     in_out_day     ='1'
               THEN     '8'
               ELSE     in_out_day
          END
;Given the sample data I provided, this query returns the following results with equip_id=12345 and obj_id=1:
DAY_NAME                             IN_TI OUT_T
MONDAY                               08:30 16:30
TUESDAY                              08:15 14:15
WEDNESDAY                            08:30 14:30
THURSDAY                             08:05 14:05
FRIDAY                               07:45 13:45
SATURDAY                             12:00 14:00
HOLIDAYS                             10:30 14:30Now, the last bit is to allow the user to edit the schedule (however you want to do that, and you'll probably want to include a check to look for only values that have changed, so you don't submit queries for all values, whether they've changed or not) and then submit the following queries for each update to the schedule (a single in or out time that is changed is one update):
Notes:
I continue to use :equip_id and :obj_id in the following queries
I use :new_hr to represent the value (gotten from the user) for the new hour
I use :new_min to represent the value (gotten from the user) for the new minutes
I use :day_name to indicate the day of the week the time is for which you also need to get from the entry form and provide
in the format 'MON','TUE','WED','THU', etc. Please use 'SUN' for holidays.
Just in case you ever want to include Sundays in your schedules, I've also included the holiday_flag.
I use :holiday to indicate whether the schedule being edited is for holidays, please feed this as either 'H' for holiday or 'N' if not
I use :in_out to indicate whether the time being update is an 'in' time or an 'out' time, this value also needs to be fed from
the user form in the format of 'I' for in and 'O' for out.
UPDATE     work_table
SET     active_flag     = 'I'
,     dt_inactive     = SYSDATE
WHERE     active_flag               = 'A'
AND     equip_id               = :equip_id
AND     obj_id                    = :obj_id
AND     holiday_flag               = :holiday_flag
AND     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'DY')     = :day_name
AND     in_out_flag               = :in_out
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES     (     :equip_id
     ,     :obj_id
     ,     :in_out
     ,     TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-1,:day_name),'DDD')+((1/24)*:new_hr)+((1/24/60)*:new_min)
     ,     'A'
     ,     SYSDATE
     ,     NULL
     ,     :holiday
commit;I don't know if an expert can recommend a better way to do the update to the table, maybe using a trigger or something to update the old 'active' record once a new record is added, but this is how I'd do it.
Edited by: user11033437 on Dec 10, 2010 11:45 AM - fixed a typo in the SQL
Example of an update to the table:
UPDATE     work_table
SET     active_flag     = 'I'
,     dt_inactive     = SYSDATE
WHERE     active_flag               = 'A'
AND     equip_id               = 12345
AND     obj_id                    = 1
AND     holiday_flag               = 'N'
AND     TO_CHAR(in_out_time,'DY')     = 'MON'
AND     in_out_flag               = 'O'
;After running the above, the current schedule now looks like:
DAY_NAME                             IN_TI OUT_T
MONDAY                               08:30
TUESDAY                              08:15 14:15
WEDNESDAY                            08:30 14:30
THURSDAY                             08:05 14:05
FRIDAY                               07:45 13:45
SATURDAY                             12:00 14:00
HOLIDAYS                             10:30 14:30Then, inserting the new time:
INSERT INTO work_table
VALUES     (     12345
     ,     1
     ,     'O'
     ,     TRUNC(NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE-1,'MON'),'DDD')+((1/24)*19)+((1/24/60)*15)
     ,     'A'
     ,     SYSDATE
     ,     NULL
     ,     'N'
;And now the new schedule looks like:
DAY_NAME                             IN_TI OUT_T
MONDAY                               08:30 19:15
TUESDAY                              08:15 14:15
WEDNESDAY                            08:30 14:30
THURSDAY                             08:05 14:05
FRIDAY                               07:45 13:45
SATURDAY                             12:00 14:00
HOLIDAYS                             10:30 14:30Edited by: user11033437 on Dec 10, 2010 11:51 AM - Added example of updating table with new schedule time

Need ABAP real time questions

hello ABAP gurus,
i am a fresh ABAper, technically very sound, but not getting job as a fresh ABAPer. So i am showing +2 years fake exp.
I usually clear the ABAP tech round, but always being rejected because of the lack of real time ABAP questions those r usually put/asked by the interviewers to trap the fake candidates.
If anybody having such question and answers, plz open to the SAP community.
it will be really the most rewardable help to all ABAP freshers.

You'd think so, but in some countries it can be very messy and costly to get rid of someone even if they did get the job dishonestly or under false pretences.
It also means that the person who made the decision to hire them has to admit he was wrong ...
I once saw a guy who'd been on two projects with a consulting firm - kicked off both within a few weeks and spenmt a year on the bench - get hired as develpment manager. Now there were three guys from his ex-firm already on site and the dork who hired him didn't even think to informally ask them. When the penny dropped they tried demoting him and he threatined to sue.
You think Dilbert is fiction?

SAP-XI Real time questions

could you please provide me some real time questions on sap-xi,
thank you

1. What are the Three types of XI Cache? How are they used?
2. Where would you look to find Logical System in the SLD.
ANS Business system wizard
3. What 2 Data Types are automatically created when the Namespace is saved in the Integration Repository?
ANS. ExchangeFaultdata and Exchange log data.
4   Which Development Object in SAP XI forms the "ROOT NODE" of an XML document when an XI message is generated?
ANS MESSAGE TYPE
5. Describe the setting to "Permit Importing of SAP IDOCs or BAPI/ RFCs". Where is this configured?
ANS.
6. What are the valid types of Message Mappings? Which is configured with the Graphical User Interface and requires no coding?
ANS. MESSAGE MAPPING, XSLT MAPPING, ABAP MAPPING AND JAVA MAPPING, MESSAGE MAPPING REQUIRES no coding
7. What actions should you take if your Business System does not show when attempting to "Transfer from the SLD"?
8. What is the relationship between Product, Product Version, Software Component and Software Component Version? Give an example.
ANS. PRODUCT: Represents a collection of all versions of a product . In SAP environment , a product corresponds to an SAP technical Component, eg 4.6c,4.6d,4.7
COMPONENT: Represents a collection of all versions of a software components Examples of Software components are SAP_APPL,SAP_ABA,SAP_HR Software
9. Describe the Design Repository (DR) objects you created to configure a scenario.
10. What are the different design time components used by XI?
11. What monitoring service does the integration server provide?
12. Describe the alert functionality of the runtime workbench.
ANS Message alerting allows to set conditions for triggering Alerts. This allows notification of the correct parties for a specific classes of errors.
13. In BPM, if you have async-sync bridge, does the QOS change?
14. What is logging/ trace? List 4 ways to enable logging/ trace?
15. Properties of an async message?
16   Inbound XI message has problem, where do you look for solution?
17. Describe XI message format.
18. Describe end-to-end monitoring. What is it? How is it configured? What are the different   views?
ANS It is a tool for monitoring end to end technical processes involving multiple components.
to configure end to end monitoring :1. On initial screen of runtime work bench ,select configuration tab page.
2.enter the logon data for the monitoring server.
3.choose display.
4.system displays the components of the correct domain and the integration server is selected as default.
5.select the other components that you want to use and configure them as sender or receiver ,or both depending on the component type.
6.we can select monitorin level that we want to use for each of the selected component.
7.Choose save configuration .
          Processes overview and the instance view are the two different views
19. Different steps to make a Sender IDOC adapter work?
20. JMS adapter can talk with what type of systems? Give some examples...
ANS Messaging systems to the integration engine
21.What format can JDBC adapter communicate in? Should you use native SQL?
ANS. JDBC adapter converts data base content to XML messages and the other way around.
22.If communications with JDBC using XML format, what are 4 actions you could do?
ANS. SELECT, INSER, DELETE , UPDATE.
23. How does PCK and adapter framework engine differ?
ANS.
24. Can JDBC adapter query DB tables? Can it insert?
ANS. Yes
25. JMS adapter scenario messaging system provider needs to submit what?
26. List some properties of receiving IDOC adapter.
27. JDBC/ JMS required certain steps before they can work?
ANS vender specific JMS driver must be deployed on to the J2EE engine using SDM
        Appropriate JDBC driver must be deployed on the system
28. What is ALEAUDIT with respect to IDOCS? When will they use it?
29. Properties of the HTTP adapter, does it use or need a sender or receiver communications channel or agreement?
30. What does a RFC adapter support?
ANS sRFCs and tRFCs
31. Is EOIO supported by RFC?
ANS No
32. What are the advantages of using a decentralized adapter engine?
ANS.
33. What are the different monitoring statuses? Where do you find them?
ANS Different monitoring statuses are Message Monitoring, Component monitoring , performance Analysis and Alerting and we find this in Runtime Workbench.
34. What adapters are not in adapter engine? code you can type in,
ANS HTTP and IDOC adapters are not in adapterengine and we can type code in IDOC
A. Which ABAP proxy, in or outbound has Which one used classes with regards to Sync/ Async what is the method call?
36. With an optional node what would be the cardinality? How do you make sure the subordinate fields get mapped?
37. WSDL what is it? Where do you find it in Repository? Is it used in Java or ABAP proxy?
38. XI 3.0, what are the supported mapping types?
ANS Message mapping, ABAP mapping, JAVA mapping and XSLT mapping
39. What are the prerequisites for importing customer defined IDOC?
ANS
40. What are the three IDOC transactions in XI?
ANS SM59, IDX1and IDX2.
41. Context object replace what?
ANS Xpath
42. Two things can make up a collaboration agreement, what are they?
ANS Sender agreement and receiver agreement
43. What is a logical system, with respect to SLD? Where would you assign it?
ANS
44. What is the sender communications channel?
ANS specify the potential senders of messages and the technical communication path
45. If error during inbound or outbound binding, where do you look to solve?
46. URI, URL and URN what are they and what are their differences?
47. To perform content based (logical) routing, two places it can be done. What are the two places?
48. What is an integration process? Where is it executed? What stake?
49. In a message mapping you have advanced user defined function, can you test for context changes, if yes how?
50. What is multi-mapping? Where is it used? What are the advantages?
ANS Multimappping is any mapping that involves N messages either or source or target side   Multimapping can be used in ccBPM
         1.used to map abstract interfaces
         2. Development is same as message mappings.
         3.n:1 transformation
         4.1:n transformation
         5. n:m transformation
51. What are the two XSLT tags, previously that could not be used in XI?
ANS
52. Using a simple user defined function how can you send trace information to be monitored?
53. What is function "exists" in message mapping?
ANS We can handle the error by checking whet her the source tag exists and if it does not we can pass an empty value, which generates the required target field.
54. What Jar file is required to perform Java Mapping?
ANS
55. What is context in message mapping and how is it used?
56. What is remove context and splitby value?
ANS to remove parent context of an element and spliby value is counterpart of remove context.
57. Where can you use user defined function? What is its scope?
58. If you are building Java mapping class which class interface must it implement?
59. What is the scope of mapping template?
60. How does a Boolean function work in message mappings?
61. Source message occurs 3 times, target only once, what is wrong?
62. In simple mapping - one source results in 4 identical target messages, with regarding cardinality what is the problem?
63. What is a prerequisite to do ABAP mapping for a comple transformation?
64. What step can be inserted into an exception branch?
ANS
65. How do you get an error condition to generated an alert?
ANS
66. What actions can you perform in SXI_CACHE?
67. What is a wait step and why is it used?
ANS It is a process flow control relavent and is used toset start time for next step
68. What is a block step and why is it used?
ANS
69. Could multiple instances of an integration process be running at the same time? If so, how does a message find its way to the correct instance?
70. Which XI objects can be used in an integration process? Which ones from Repository?
71. Send message within an integration process to 8 receivers at the same time, how can you do this?
72. What is a correlation? What is a local correlation?
73. What is the relationship between an integration process and business workflow?

SOA design question

Hi All,
I want to design a SOA system (as per best practices) which receives XML files from a third party vendor.The system will be responsible for storing and distributing the xml metadata to a database and distribute the XML files as is, to different subsystems. Important requirement is the data send to subsystems has to be in real time (i.e. the XML files from the third party vendor needs to distributed and stored without any time lapse or minimal).
First approach is to have an external facing webservices to receive the data and forward it to a mediator which in turn uses DB adaptor to store data to database and file adaptor to write to filesystems of subsystems.
Second approach is to have JMS adaptor to receive the XML files from the third party, then into a JMS topic and have subsystems subscribe to it and have some ETL process to load the XML files to database in real time.
My Queries
1) I am just creating a pilot, any comments from experts about the implementations. I have never tried anything like this before and unsure about the results.
2) In the second approach, how will I be able to do ETL in real time without much latency.
3) I want to implement it as per best practices, is the any document or tutorial I can start with.
4) Which approach should be better, also is there any other better way to do it.
Help is much appreciated
Regards
Thomas

Hello,
I am using CAPS 6 u 1. I was wondering if it would be faster for an internal application to invoke a web service which was called within a BPEL process. The BPEL would be wrapped with a SOAP service. So the internal app would call the SOAP service to run the BPEL. I don't see the speed if the BPEL has to be accessed via a SOAP service. Wouldn't a web service in the same app server be just as fast (without the BPEL)? Or is there some other optimization that is done on the bus that makes it faster?
I guess if there was an existing BPEL that needed to use the log service it would be okay to call the log service from within that BPEL. But to have the log service be the only service called within a BPEL process doesn't seem worthwhile.
What do you think?
Thanks.
Paula

Can somebody give some real time questions for alv report

hi guru
can somebody give some real time questions for alv report.
answers also.
regards
subhasis.

hi,
The ALV is a set of function modules and classes and their methods which are added to program code. Developers can use the functionality of the ALV in creating new reports, saving time which might otherwise have been spent on report enhancement
The common features of report are column    alignment, sorting, filtering, subtotals, totals etc. <b>To implement these, a lot of coding and logic is to be put. To avoid that we can use a concept called ABAP List Viewer (ALV).</b>
Using ALV, we can have three types of reports:
   1. Simple Report
   2. Block Report
   3. Hierarchical Sequential Report
<b>Reward useful points</b>
Siva

Questions on working in real time

Hi. Just have a couple of questions about working in real time, actually on the swf.
Firstly, I want to create a sort of drag and drop interface. Is it possible to have one stage act as two seperate stages? By this, I mean is it possible to have the left hand side of my stage hold all the components, they get dragged to the right hand side of the stage and placed anywhere, the user can then click save, and only the right hand side of the stage is saved?
Secondly, I am testing a few things out. What would I do to get a type of free transform on an image on the stage in real time, in the swf? So once the movie is played, the user could then resize any image how they like by dragging a corner of the image..
Cheers for any advise.

What I would like is the movie to display to the user. When they see the movie, it looks like the screen is split in two. On the left hand side of the screen will be the components which can be dragged and dropped. The right hand side of the screen will be a birthday card, whereby the users can drop and drag components to personalise the card. I then want the user to be able to save the card, but a normal save will save the whole screen, including the components side of the screen. All I want is the right hand side of the screen saved, where their card has been created. Would this be done with two movies, and communication between the two. Or is this possible to do on just one stage?

BI 7.0 Question on RDA (Real Time Data Acquisition)

Those who have all implemented RDA (real Time Data Acquisition) in BI 7.0, could you please tell me if this is limited to only a few of the extractors or available to all the business content extractors. Reason I ask this question is I read that if you have PI_BASIS 2005.1 then RDA is possible, but when I go into ROOSOURCE table in R/3 I do not see the Real time flag checked for any of the transactional Businees content extractors!!
Also does this mean that we need to set this flag manually and if so is this supported by SAP? please throw in expert your responses...
Ram

Dinesh, thank you...after going throught the posts I am still more confsued and not sure if SAP supports any Business content data sources as RDA Capable yet...also if someone has successfully implemented RDA for any of the following applications please do reply back, thank you...
1. Plant maintenance
2. GL
3. EC-PCA
thank you

Abap-hr real time questions

hi friends
kindly send me ABAP-HR REAL TIME QUESTION to my mail [email protected]
Thanks&Regards
babasish

Hi
Logical database
A logical database is a special ABAP/4 program which combines the contents of certain database tables. Using logical databases facilitates the process of reading database tables.
HR Logical Database is PNP
Main Functions of the logical database PNP:
Standard Selection screen
Data Retrieval
Authorization check
To use logical database PNP in your program, specify in your program attributes.
Standard Selection Screen
Date selection
Date selection delimits the time period for which data is evaluated. GET PERNR retrieves all records of the relevant infotypes from the database. When you enter a date selection period, the PROVIDE loop retrieves the infotype records whose validity period overlaps with at least one day of this period.
Person selection
Person selection is the 'true' selection of choosing a group of employees for whom the report is to run.
Sorting Data
· The standard sort sequence lists personnel numbers in ascending order.
· SORT function allows you to sort the report data otherwise. All the sorting fields are from infotype 0001.
Report Class
· You can suppress input fields which are not used on the selection screen by assigning a report class to your program.
· If SAP standard delivered report classes do not satisfy your requirements, you can create your own report class through the IMG.
Data Retrieval from LDB
1. Create data structures for infotypes.
    INFOTYPES: 0001, "ORG ASSIGNMENT
                        0002, "PERSONAL DATA
                        0008. "BASIC PAY
2. Fill data structures with the infotype records.
    Start-of-selection.
         GET PERNR.
    End-0f-selection.
    Read Master Data
Infotype structures (after GET PERNR) are internal tables loaded with data.
The infotype records (selected within the period) are processed sequentially by the PROVIDE - ENDPROVIDE loop.
          GET PERNR.
             PROVIDE * FROM Pnnnn BETWEEN PN/BEGDA AND PN/ENDDA
                    If Pnnnn-XXXX = ' '. write:/ Pnnnn-XXXX. endif.
             ENDPROVIDE.
Period-Related Data
All infotype records are time stamped.
IT0006 (Address infotype)
01/01/1990   12/31/9999 present
          Which record to be read depends on the date selection period specified on the
          selection screen. PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
Current Data
IT0006 Address - 01/01/1990 12/31/9999   present
RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST retrieves the record which is valid in the data selection period.
For example, pn/begda = '19990931'    pn/endda = '99991231'
IT0006 subtype 1 is resident address
RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST P0006 1 PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
Process Infotypes
RMAC Modules - RMAC module as referred to Macro, is a special construct of ABAP/4 codes. Normally, the program code of these modules is stored in table 'TRMAC'. The table key combines the program code under a given name. It can also be defined in programs.The RMAC defined in the TRMAC can be used in all Reports. When an RMAC is changed, the report has to be regenerated manually to reflect the change.
Reading Infotypes - by using RMAC (macro) RP-READ-INFOTYPE
          REPORT ZHR00001.
          INFOTYPE: 0002.
          PARAMETERS: PERNR LIKE P0002-PERNR.
          RP-READ-INFOTYPE PERNR 0002 P0002 .
          PROVIDE * FROM P0002
              if ... then ...endif.
          ENDPROVIDE.
Changing Infotypes - by using RMAC (macro) RP-READ-INFOTYPE.
· Three steps are involved in changing infotypes:
1. Select the infotype records to be changed;
2. Make the required changes and store the records in an alternative table;
3. Save this table to the database;
The RP-UPDATE macro updates the database. The parameters of this macro are the OLD internal table containing the unchanged records and the NEW internal table containing the changed records. You cannot create or delete data. Only modification is possible.
INFOTYPES: Pnnnn NAME OLD,
Pnnnn NAME NEW.
GET PERNR.
    PROVIDE * FROM OLD
           WHERE .... = ... "Change old record
           *Save old record in alternate table
           NEW = OLD.
    ENDPROVIDE.
    RP-UPDATE OLD NEW. "Update changed record
Infotype with repeat structures
· How to identify repeat structures.
a. On infotype entry screen, data is entered in table form.
    IT0005, IT0008, IT0041, etc.
b. In the infotype structure, fields are grouped by the same name followed by sequence number.
    P0005-UARnn P0005-UANnn P0005-UBEnn
    P0005-UENnn P0005-UABnn
Repeat Structures
· Data is entered on the infotype screen in table format but stored on the database in a linear
structure.
· Each row of the table is stored in the same record on the database.
· When evaluating a repeat structure, you must define the starting point, the increment and the
work area which contains the complete field group definition.
Repeat Structures Evaluation (I)
· To evaluate the repeat structures
   a. Define work area.
       The work area is a field string. Its structure is identical to that of the field group.
   b. Use a DO LOOP to divide the repeat structure into segments and make it available for
       processing in the work area, one field group (block) at a time.
Repeat Structures Evaluation(II)
Define work area
DATA: BEGIN OF VACATION,
              UAR LIKE P0005-UAR01, "Leave type
              UAN LIKE P0005-UAN01, "Leave entitlement
              UBE LIKE P0005-UBE01, "Start date
              UEN LIKE P0005-UEN01, "End date
              UAB LIKE P0005-UAB01, "Leave accounted
           END OF VACATION.
GET PERNR.
     RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST P0005 SPACE PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
     DO 6 TIMES VARYING VACATION
             FROM P0005-UAR01 "Starting point
                 NEXT P0005-UAR02. "Increment
             If p0005-xyz then ... endif.
      ENDDO.
Processing 'Time Data'.
· Dependence of time data on validity period
· Importing time data
· Processing time data using internal tables
Time Data and Validity Period
· Time data always applies to a specific validity period.
· The validity periods of different types of time data are not always the same as the date selection period specified in the selection screen.
Date selection period |----
|
Leave |----
|
· PROVIDE in this case is therefore not used for time infotypes.
Importing Time Data
· GET PERNR reads all time infotypes from the lowest to highest system data, not only those within the date selection period.
· To prevent memory overload, add MODE N to the infotype declaration. This prevents the logical database from importing all data into infotype tables at GET PERNR.
· Use macro RP-READ-ALL-TIME-ITY to fill infotype table.
INFOTYPES: 2001 MODE N.
GET PERNR.
    RP-READ-ALL-TIME-ITY PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
    LOOP AT P0021.
         If P0021-XYZ = ' '. A=B. Endif.
    ENDLOOP.
Processing Time Data
· Once data is imported into infotype tables, you can use an internal table to process the interested data.
DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,
              BUKRS LIKE P0001-BUKRS, "COMPANY
              WERKS LIKE P0001-WERKS, "PERSONNEL AREA
              AWART LIKE P2001-AWART, "ABS./ATTEND. TYPE
              ASWTG LIKE P2001-ASWTG, "ABS./ATTEND. DAYS
           END OF ITAB.
GET PERNR.
RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST P0001 SAPCE PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
CLEAR ITAB.
ITAB-BUKRS = P0001-BURKS. ITAB-WERKS = P0001-WERKS.
RP-READ-ALL-TIME-ITY PN/BEGDA PN/ENDDA.
LOOP AT P2001.
      ITAB-AWART = P2001-AWART. ITAB-ASWTG = P2001-ASWTG.
      COLLECT ITAB. (OR: APPEND ITAB.)
ENDLOOP.
Database Tables in HR
· Personnel Administration (PA) - master and time data infotype tables (transparent tables).
   PAnnnn: e.g. PA0001 for infotype 0001
· Personnel Development (PD) - Org Unit, Job, Position, etc. (transparent tables).
   HRPnnnn: e.g. HRP1000 for infotype 1000
· Time/Travel expense/Payroll/Applicant Tracking data/HR work areas/Documents (cluster
   PCLn: e.g. PCL2 for time/payroll results.
Cluster Table
· Cluster tables combine the data from several tables with identical (or almost identical) keys
into one physical record on the database.
. Data is written to a database in compressed form.
· Retrieval of data is very fast if the primary key is known.
· Cluster tables are defined in the data dictionary as transparent tables.
· External programs can NOT interpret the data in a cluster table.
· Special language elements EXPORT TO DATABASE, IMPORT TO DATABASE and DELETE
FROM DATABASE are used to process data in the cluster tables.
PCL1 - Database for HR work area;
PCL2 - Accounting Results (time, travel expense and payroll);
PCL3 - Applicant tracking data;
PCL4 - Documents, Payroll year-end Tax data
Database Tables PCLn
· PCLn database tables are divided into subareas known as data clusters.
· Data Clusters are identified by a two-character code. e.g RU for US payroll result, B2 for
time evaluation result...
· Each HR subarea has its own cluster.
· Each subarea has its own key.
Database Table PCL1
· The database table PCL1 contains the following data areas:
B1 time events/PDC
G1 group incentive wages
L1 individual incentive wages
PC personal calendar
TE travel expenses/payroll results
TS travel expenses/master data
TX infotype texts
ZI PDC interface -> cost account
Database Table PCL2
· The database table PCL2 contains the following data areas:
B2 time accounting results
CD cluster directory of the CD manager
PS generated schemas
PT texts for generated schemas
RX payroll accounting results/international
Rn payroll accounting results/country-specific ( n = HR country indicator )
ZL personal work schedule
Database Table PCL3
· The database table PCL3 contains the following data areas:
AP action log / time schedule
TY texts for applicant data infotypes
Data Management of PCLn
· The ABAP commands IMPORT and EXPORT are used for management of read/write to
database tables PCLn.
· A unique key has to be used when reading data from or writing data to the PCLn.
Field Name KEY Length Text
MANDT X 3 Client
RELID X 2 Relation ID (RU,B2..)
SRTFD X 40 Work Area Key
SRTF2 X 4 Sort key for dup. key
Cluster Definition
· The data definition of a work area for PCLn is specified in separate programs which comply
   with fixed naming conventions.
· They are defined as INCLUDE programs (RPCnxxy0). The following naming convention applies:
   n = 1 or 2 (PCL1 or PCL2)
   xx = Relation ID (e.g. RX)
   y = 0 for international clusters or country indicator (T500L) for different country cluster
Exporting Data (I)
· The EXPORT command causes one or more 'xy' KEY data objects to be written to cluster xy.
· The cluster definition is integrated with the INCLUDE statement.
REPORT ZHREXPRT.
TABLES: PCLn.
INCLUDE: RPCnxxy0. "Cluster definition
Fill cluster KEY
xy-key-field = .
Fill data object
Export record
EXPORT TABLE1 TO DATABASE PCLn(xy) ID xy-KEY.
   IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
       WRITE: / 'Update successful'.
   ENDIF.
Exporting Data (II)
. Export data using macro RP-EXP-Cn-xy.
· When data records are exported using macro, they are not written to the database but to a
main memory buffer.
· To save data, use the PREPARE_UPDATE routine with the USING parameter 'V'.
REPORT ZHREXPRT.
*Buffer definition
INCLUDE RPPPXD00. INCLUDE RPPPXM00. "Buffer management
DATA: BEGIN OF COMMON PART 'BUFFER'.
INCLUDE RPPPXD10.
DATA: END OF COMMON PART 'BUFFER'.
RP-EXP-Cn-xy.
IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
    PERFORM PREPARE_UPDATE USING 'V'..
ENDIF.
Importing Data (I)
· The IMPORT command causes data objects with the specified key values to be read from
   PCLn.
· If the import is successful, SY-SUBRC is 0; if not, it is 4.
REPORT RPIMPORT.
TABLES: PCLn.
INCLUDE RPCnxxy0. "Cluster definition
Fill cluster Key
Import record
IMPORT TABLE1 FROM DATABASE PCLn(xy) ID xy-KEY.
   IF SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
Display data object
   ENDIF.
Importing data (II)
· Import data using macro RP-IMP-Cn-xy.
· Check return code SY-SUBRC. If 0, it is successful. If 4, error.
· Need include buffer management routines RPPPXM00
REPORT RPIMPORT.
*Buffer definition
INCLUDE RPPPXD00.
DATA: BEGIN OF COMMON PART 'BUFFER'.
INCLUDE RPPPXD10.
DATA: END OF COMMON PART 'BUFFER'.
*import data to buffer
RP-IMP-Cn-xy.
*Buffer management routines
INCLUDE RPPPXM00.
Cluster Authorization
· Simple EXPORT/IMPORT statement does not check for cluster authorization.
· Use EXPORT/IMPORT via buffer, the buffer management routines check for cluster
authorization.
Payroll Results (I)
· Payroll results are stored in cluster Rn of PCL2 as field string and internal tables.
n - country identifier.
· Standard reports read the results from cluster Rn. Report RPCLSTRn lists all payroll results;
report RPCEDTn0 lists the results on a payroll form.
Payroll Results (II)
· The cluster definition of payroll results is stored in two INLCUDE reports:
include: rpc2rx09. "Definition Cluster Ru (I)
include: rpc2ruu0. "Definition Cluster Ru (II)
The first INCLUDE defines the country-independent part; The second INCLUDE defines the country-specific part (US).
· The cluster key is stored in the field string RX-KEY.
Payroll Results (III)
· All the field string and internal tables stored in PCL2 are defined in the ABAP/4 dictionary. This
allows you to use the same structures in different definitions and nonetheless maintain data
consistency.
· The structures for cluster definition comply with the name convention PCnnn. Unfortunately,
   'nnn' can be any set of alphanumeric characters.
*Key definition
DATA: BEGIN OF RX-KEY.
     INCLUDE STRUCTURE PC200.
DATA: END OF RX-KEY.
*Payroll directory
DATA: BEGIN OF RGDIR OCCURS 100.
     INCLUDE STRUCTURE PC261.
DATA: END OF RGDIR.
Payroll Cluster Directory
· To read payroll results, you need two keys: pernr and seqno
. You can get SEQNO by importing the cluster directory (CD) first.
REPORT ZHRIMPRT.
TABLES: PERNR, PCL1, PCL2.
INLCUDE: rpc2cd09. "definition cluster CD
PARAMETERS: PERSON LIKE PERNR-PERNR.
RP-INIT-BUFFER.
*Import cluster Directory
   CD-KEY-PERNR = PERNR-PERNR.
RP-IMP-C2-CU.
   CHECK SY-SUBRC = 0.
LOOP AT RGDIR.
   RX-KEY-PERNR = PERSON.
   UNPACK RGDIR-SEQNR TO RX-KEY-SEQNO.
   *Import data from PCL2
   RP-IMP-C2-RU.
   INLCUDE: RPPPXM00. "PCL1/PCL2 BUFFER HANDLING
Function Module (I)
CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
· After importing the payroll directory, which record to read is up to the programmer.
· Each payroll result has a status.
'P' - previous result
'A' - current (actual) result
'O' - old result
· Function module CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS will restore the payroll result status for a period
   when that payroll is initially run. It also will select all the relevant periods to be evaluated.
Function Module (II)
CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS
call function 'CD_EVALUATION_PERIODS'
     exporting
          bonus_date = ref_periods-bondt
          inper_modif = pn-permo
          inper = ref_periods-inper
          pay_type = ref_periods-payty
          pay_ident = ref_periods-payid
     tables
          rgdir = rgdir
          evpdir = evp
          iabkrs = pnpabkrs
     exceptions
          no_record_found = 1.
Authorization Check
   Authorization for Persons
· In the authorization check for persons, the system determines whether the user has the
   authorizations required for the organizational features of the employees selected with
   GET PERNR.
· Employees for which the user has no authorization are skipped and appear in a list at the end
   of the report.
· Authorization object: 'HR: Master data'
Authorization for Data
· In the authorization check for data, the system determines whether the user is authorized to
read the infotypes specified in the report.
· If the authorization for a particular infotype is missing, the evaluation is terminated and an error
message is displayed.
Deactivating the Authorization Check
· In certain reports, it may be useful to deactivate the authorization check in order to improve
performance. (e.g. when running payroll)
· You can store this information in the object 'HR: Reporting'.
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