Something went wrong. To try again, reload the page and then start the workflow

Question

We have a SP 2013 farm with Aug 2013 CU. While trying to start an SPD 2013 platform workflow from browser I get an error "Something went wrong. To try again, reload the page and then start the workflow."
I could also see the following in ULS:
System.NotSupportedException: Not supported in Windows authentication mode.
at Microsoft.SharePoint.IdentityModel.SPIdentityContext.Create(SPUserToken token, Boolean
isShareByLinkGuestUser)
at Microsoft.SharePoint.WorkflowServices.WorkflowServiceContextExtensions.GetApplicationUserCredentials
(WorkflowServicesContext context) StackTrace:
at Microsoft.Office.Server.Native.dll: (sig=35339f9c-8871-4ef1-9118-9c1bd0cb6598|2|
microsoft.office.server.native.pdb, offset=131CE)
at Microsoft.Office.Server.Native.dll
This seems to be a bug and is solved in Mar 2013 PU but I have Aug CU. The web where I have this workflow has classic mode auth. Has anyone come across this error before?
I have checked the following:
1. Service
Bus Gateway and Service
Bus Manager Broker services are started
2. Authentication for this web application is Windows NTLM
-- The opinions expressed here represent my own and not those of anybody else -- http://manojvnair.blogspot.com

Answer 1

Thank you for the steps.
I have checked User Profile service and it is started and running fine. The user who is trying to start the workflow (me) has a profile created. I'm not starting wf as system account and my account is not added to web application user policy. Workflow isn't
even firing when I try to edit list item.
I tried to edit the list item as system account and workflow started this time. But it does to suspended state with the following message:
RequestorId: 54f4a912-ab0b-a1f2-0000-000000000000. Details: RequestorId: 54f4a912-ab0b-a1f2-0000-000000000000. Details: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the workflow instance. Exception details: System.ApplicationException: HTTP 401
{"SPRequestGuid":["54f4a912-ab0b-a1f2-be58-305dd8b6eab4"],"request-id":["54f4a912-ab0b-a1f2-be58-305dd8b6eab4"],"X-FRAME-OPTIONS":["SAMEORIGIN"],"SPRequestDuration":["2"],"SPIisLatency":["1"],"MicrosoftSharePointTeamServices":["15.0.0.4535"],"X-Content-Type-Options":["nosniff"],"X-MS-InvokeApp":["1;
RequireReadOnly"],"Date":["Thu, 24 Apr 2014 15:32:05 GMT"],"Server":["Microsoft-IIS\/8.0"],"WWW-Authenticate":["NTLM"],"X-Powered-By":["ASP.NET"]} at Microsoft.Activities.Hosting.Runtime.Subroutine.SubroutineChild.Execute(CodeActivityContext context) at System.Activities.CodeActivity.InternalExecute(ActivityInstance
instance, ActivityExecutor executor, BookmarkManager bookmarkManager) at System.Activities.Runtime.ActivityExecutor.ExecuteActivityWorkItem.ExecuteBody(ActivityExecutor executor, BookmarkManager bookmarkManager, Location resultLocation)
WhenI try to start wf I can see the first error:
System.NotSupportedException: Not supported in Windows authentication mode.    
 at Microsoft.SharePoint.IdentityModel.SPIdentityContext.Create(SPUserToken token, Boolean isShareByLinkGuestUser)    
 at Microsoft.SharePoint.WorkflowServices.WorkflowServiceContextExtensions.GetApplicationUserCredentials(WorkflowServicesContext context) StackTrace: 
 at Microsoft.Office.Server.Native.dll: (sig=35339f9c-8871-4ef1-9118-9c1bd0cb6598|2|microsoft.office.server.native.pdb, offset=131CE)
 at Microsoft.Office.Server.Native.dll: (offset=21B4D
-- The opinions expressed here represent my own and not those of anybody else -- http://manojvnair.blogspot.com