Urgent Situation Itune's Ability To Sync While In Locked Mode.

Question

Salutations to all members of the apple community, i am the owner of an Iphone 5 which i recieved as a magnificent christmas gift in 2012-2013.
I have always been very satisfied with it, using it on a daily basis for everything from simple communications and more.
I am a musician and writer and having discovered the astounding quality of the microphone I began using it extensively for musical creation, my notes section is an archive of full chapters of the things i write, notes that are completely and utterly essential to me.
I have hundreds of hours(a years worth of music) on this telephone that is not backed up in any way.
The other night, while my girlfriend hosted an art show i left my cellular phone to charge with a group of friends, as a precaution i added a passcode, as i have done very often when leaving my phone to charge in a populated place, despite knowing the people I prefer keep the intimacies of my virtual palace to myself.
Here comes the part youve all been waiting for, I must have typed the code in too quickly, and upon returning was denied access, Initially, i didnt panic, i retried the code many times, after having been locked out a couple times i was starting to get stressed. I looked it up on the internet and discovered that after a certain amount of attempts all of my data would be deleted. Now i started to freak out, I called TELUS, my phone providers and they obviously couldnt help me out on the issue.
I take extremely good care of my phone and assure myself it is always in a safe spot, when it is not on me, deep in a pocket it is being watched out for, and i very rarely add music from itunes, when i do connect it to my computer i go directly into the harddrive to transfer photos, I never saw any reason for synchronising or backing it up, after all, I am the legitimate owner of the device, if ever i were to be locked out all Id need to do is prove it is INDEED mine.
I did some researching on the internet and found this page on your websites: http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1212
HALLELUJIA!
All I have to do is connect it to a computer I have synced with before and It will create a backup before restoring and resetting the the device.(in the use ITunes Section)
When I try this my computer asks me if I wish to allow the iphone to access the computer, i click yes and i arrive at a window that says i have to confirm access on my Iphone, that just loads and loads. How am I to do this if my Iphone is locked. I returned to the page i reread:
Connect the device to the computer you normally sync with.
Open iTunes. If iTunes asks you to enter the passcode, try another computer that you've synced with. Otherwise, follow the "Use recovery mode" section below.
iTunes will automatically sync your device and create a backup. If it doesn't, sync the device with iTunes.
It seems something has changed because what this help page describes is impossible.
I went into technical support with someone from Montreals Istore and didnt get any more help, I am perfectly capable of proving I am the legitimate owner of this device, when I go into Itunes my phone appears in the list of devices, so i dont understand why suddenly my computer is asking for persmission to access my phone, should it not be immediately recognised since there are earlier backups in the system.
Is it because my last backup was in 2013, because trust me if i had known that time affected itunes ability to detect something that clearly appears in its records of previous synchronisations, like an old person, i would have been backing it up all the time. Is it an iOS update that has negated the functionality of the steps you give on the page i linked you to below.
I absolutely refuse to lose a years worth of work because of an IOS update that has outdated the solutions given by technicians.
I am willing to provide any documentation to prove this is my device, i could even confirm the contents without having access, in great detail, I cannot believe there is not way of accessing my data by means of apple proffessionals with all of this new forensic technology being used by law enforcement to do exactly that. My last backup was the 28th of september 2013, I CANNOT lose everything I have created since then. If it means performing a massive system restore on my computer so my bloody itunes recognises my cell as a device it has already synchronised with i will, I must.
Please Please Please help me.
Have a beautiful day.

Answer 1

No. Even with proof that it's yours, they can't bypass the passcode. All they could do is what you can do yourself, which is restore the phone in recovery mode, which will wipe all of the information.
There is no magical hidden backup. An earlier version of iTunes won't do you any good at all.
If you didn't back it up, the data is going to be lost.
Unless you can convince the NSA or FBI that you're a terrorist and you have recorded plans for an attack in the voice memo app... you'll probably have to wait a while to actually get the data back though.