What is an Oracle Client and why is it needed

Hi,
I have an application that is using an Oracle database as data source. Application and database is located on two different servers. Now I will move application to a new server and to do this I need to install an Oracle client and install this on the new application server. From my understanding this Oracle client is needed to make it possible for the application server to communicate with the database server. I wonder if someone can tell me more about this Oracle client, functionality, role and why it is needed?
I have been recommended to install the Oracle client 10g version. Where can I download this together with instructions of installation process?
FYI - database used is Oracle 10g EE.

Third-party products (and Oracle's own too) need certain Oracle DLLs in order to connect to the database. This set of files is called the Oracle client. You may also want to learn about tnsnames.ora because you need to edit it in order to use Oracle client to Oracle database.

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