Where Does Lightroom Store  Catalogs, Previews, and Backups?

1.   By default, where does LR store:
a. Catalogs (.lrcat)
b. Previews (.lrdata)
c. Backups of Catalogs and Previews
2.  Can these locations be changed?
2a. If so, how does one specify where LR will store each of the above?
3. Is there a specific relationship of location the Catalog, the Preview, and the Backups, or any partial combination of those three,  must remain in?
3a. If so, what is/are that/those relationships?

a) By default in the Lightroom folder within My Pictures / Pictures
b) Always in the same folder as the catalogue
c) Wherever you tell it - which should be somewhere different. No backup of Previews.
Re 2, just move the catalogue in Explorer / Finder, double click it. If you didn't move the Previews, LR starts a new one in the same folder as the catalogue, following (b) above.
Re 3, answered above. Backups can / should be elsewhere and it's your choice where.
Notice that in Catalog Settings there's a Show button that reveals where your catalogue is.

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