Why can adobe reader open documents preview can't?

I recently came across a pdf here for a friend, and was shocked when preview couldn't open it, but adobe reader xi could. I had it in my head that PDF was a standard. Has adobe added something to it? Or did they just insert a script to force me to use their product? Would upgrading to mountain lion fix my problem? (newer Preview?)
Preview version 5.03

I have it on the computer and it worked fine, I just didn't prefer the interface. (Also, possibly slower. Hard to measure)
Maybe I wasn't clear. I had guessed that the program that could only be opened by Acrobat was made with Acrobat.
What I wanted to know was why preview couldn't open it. Does every document created with Acrobat prevent other programs from opening it? It seems unlikely, as this is the first I have found with something like that. Is it a new thing with reader xi? How do they accomplish this? A change of headers? Some sort of non-standard encryption? An imbedded script?
I suppose it is improbable that anyone actually knows...

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Hello Michael,
Thank you for your response. My operating system is XP. When I try to open a pfd document I just get a series of letters and symbols in a dialog box. The top of the box says "select the encoding that makes your document readable". I can choose Windows, MS-Dos, or other (there is a long list to choose from). None seem to make a difference. If I save the document to my desk top I can right click on it and choose an option "Open with AdobeReader 9" and it opens fine.
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New Edge Technologies
6525 Peninsula Dr.
Traverse City, MI 49686
231.620.2521
231.941.1284 (fax)
[email protected]
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2009 06:22:51 -0600
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Subject: I have loaded and reloaded Reader 9. I cannot open a pfd document.      I can save it to desk top then open it via a drop down box that has a "open with Adobe Reader 9". How can I avoid having to do this?
Hello:
What operating system does your computer use? What happens when you attempt to open a PDF document rather than saving it first? Please include any/all error messages. Also, have you tried opening documents from other locations or just one in particular?
Thanks,
     Michael
>

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I did enjoy your "milk" comment. A nurse spilled a cup of tea on my Air when I was in hospital and the "M" key stopped working. Kept using the computer then suddenly after about a month the key started to work again. Shows these Mac's are tough.
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Sorry for the long reply and as my wife always says "I talk to much" There I go again

Why can adobe reader open documents preview can't?

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