Windows desktop VM licensing

Hi...
What's the licensing requirement to build the following test environment - 
For 10 users to access 20 Windows 7 or 8 Professional virtual machines. All the virtual machines are based on a server/hypervisor. All the user workstations are using Windows client OS, Windows 7 or 8.  Occasionally a user may 'check out' a VM to his/her
own computer for testing purpose (original VM on server will be shut down.)  
So here's my questions:
From my reading for a user to access Windows client OS VM, locally or in data center, he/she needs OEM + software assurance or VDA. So if all user workstations are licensed with SA/VDA, do I still need to purchase 20 Windows Client OS license? Some people
suggests Data Center edition which I don't quite understand, as data center edition is for Windows Server OS.
My second question is, since users are accessing those 20 VMs remotely via rdp, is remote desktop license needed?
Thank you in advance!

In addition...
"Occasionally a user may 'check out' a VM to his/her own computer for testing purpose (original VM on server will be shut down.)"
Make sure you use KMS, otherwise you may soon run out of MAK activations.
And clarification...
The reason that people recommended DataCenter edition is the cost. In the past it was cheaper to purchase Windows Server DataCenter edition than a number of Windows 7/8 licenses with VDI licenses + SA licenses. DataCenter license allows unlimited number
of VM's on a physical server, so a powerfull server could host tens, maybe hundred VM's (I've seen servers with 300 GB RAM). Server OS could be tweaked to resemble client OS (by adding desktop experience feature). In addition VDI and SA are subscription licenses,
while you coud buy Datacenter OEM license - one time purchase when you buy a server. I've seen customers using this option when they were using Citrix XenApp. XenApp would only present application window to the user, so (s)he was unaware what OS was running
in the background. Please be aware that prices and terms are changing constantly, so please check for the current costs and options.

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