10053 lower cost bad plan

Hi all
I am wondering that in Metalink document "Case Study: Analyzing 10053 Trace Files" there is a sql that' considered has bad plan with cost 20762 and same sql with NO_INDEX hint considered has good plan with cost 58201.
Diffrence is more than %50 how it could be ?Cbo could choose a sql that has higher cost instead of lower cost one ? am I thinking wrong ? or misunderstood document ?
Best Regards

The optimizer calculated cost is based on a large number of statistics and parameters. If, according to the section "D) Calculate the multiblock read divisor", the "Mdivisor" (MBRC?) is 1.07 - which would suggest to the optimizer that when it requests a full table scan or fast full index scan, on average Oracle will be able to perform multiblock reads of an average 1.07 blocks. This will lead the optimizer to believe that a full table scan or fast full index scan will operate very slowly - possibly reading 8KB in each read request, rather than a more efficient 512KB to 1MB. The document also suggests that someone may have inappropriately changed other parameters, which would affect the calculated costs. Consider what might happen if someone adjusts the OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ parameter to a value of 1 - suddenly index access paths will have calculated costs that are 0.01 times their original value, making index access paths appear to the optimizer to be very cheap, yet such a change will not make index access paths complete 100 times faster than before.
In short, the optimizer is capable of being fooled by poorly set statistics and parameters.
Charles Hooper
Co-author of "Expert Oracle Practices: Oracle Database Administration from the Oak Table"
IT Manager/Oracle DBA
K&M Machine-Fabricating, Inc.

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