10g Agent Memory utilization

Hi
How can I determine the amount of memory the 10g Agent is using up on my database server ? Seems like , it is using up too much
Thanks
Shamik

Hello,
I'm not sure whether you are talking about grid control's agents - if so, have a look at the agent's metrics, especially process statistics. There you'll find five metrics concerned with memory usage.
Best regards
Andreas

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    From: SMTP%"[email protected]" 3-SEP-1996 16:52:00.72
    To: [email protected]
    CC:
    Subj: Re: memory utilization
    As a general rule, I would agree that memory utilzation problems tend to be
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    the heap and never take them out (I.E. forgot to take them out). Since
    service objects are always live, everything in the heap is also live.
    Have an exception handler that catches exceptions and doesn't do
    anything
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    Actually, the implementation of the advanced features supported by the Forte
    product
    results in some complications in areas that can be hard to explain. Memory
    management
    happens to be one of the areas most effected. A precise explanation to a
    non-deterministic process is not possible, but the following attempts to
    explain the
    source of the non-determinism.
    o The ability to call from compiled C++ to interpreted TOOL and back
    to compiled C++.
    This single ability causes most of the strange effects mentioned in
    this thread.
    For C++ code the location of all variables local to a method is not
    know
    (I.E. C++ compilers can't tell you at run-time what is a variable
    and what
    isn't.) We use the pessimistic assumption that anything that looks
    like a
    reference to a memory object is a reference to a memory object. For
    interpreted
    TOOL code the interpreter has exact knowledge of what is a reference
    and what
    isn't. But the TOOL interpreter is itself a C++ method. This means
    that any
    any memory objects referenced by the interpreter during the
    execution of TOOL
    code could be stored in local variables in the interpreter. The TOOL
    interpreter
    runs until the TOOL code returns or the TOOL code calls into C++.
    This means
    that many levels of nested TOOL code can be the source of values
    assigned to
    local variables in the TOOL interpreter.
    This is the complicated reason that answers the question: Why doesn't a
    variable that is created and only used in a TOOL method that has
    returned
    get freed? It is likely that the variable is referenced by local
    variables
    in the TOOL interpreter method. This is also why setting the
    variable to NIL
    before returning doesn't seem to help. If the variable in question is a
    Array than invoke Clear() on the Array seems to help, because even
    though the
    Array is still live the objects referenced by the Array have less
    references.
    The other common occurrence of this effect is in a TextData that
    contains a
    large string. In this case, invoking SetAllocatedSize(0) can be used
    to NIL
    the reference to the memory object that actually holds the sequence of
    characters. Compositions of Arrays and TextData's (I.E. a Array of
    TextData's
    that all have large TextDatas.) can lead to even more problems.
    When the TOOL code is turned into a compiled partition this effect
    is not
    noticed because the TOOL interpreter doesn't come into play and
    things execute
    the way most people expect. This is one area that we try to improve
    upon, but it is complicated by the 15 different platforms, and thus
    C++ compilers,
    that we support. Changes that work on some machines behave
    differently on other
    machines. At this point in time, it occasionally still requires that
    a TOOL
    programmer actively address problems. Obviously we try to reduce
    this need over
    time.
    o Automatic memory management for C++ with support for multi-processor
    threads.
    Supporting automatic memory management for C++ is something that is
    not a very
    common feature. It requires a coding standard that defines what is
    acceptable and
    what isn't. Additionally, supporting multi-processor threads adds
    its own set of
    complications. Luckily TOOL users are insulated from this because
    the TOOL to C++
    code generator knows the coding standard. In the end you are
    impacted by the C++
    compiler and possibly the differences that occur between different
    compilers and/or
    different processors (I.E. Intel X86 versus Alpha.) We have seen
    applications that
    had memory utilization differences of up to 2:1.
    There are two primary sources of differences.
    The first source is how compilers deal with dead assignments. The
    typical TOOL
    fragment that is being memory manager friendly might perform the
    following:
    temp : SomeObject = new;
    ... // Use someObject
    temp = NIL;
    return;
    When this is translated to C++ it looks very similar in that temp
    will be assigned the
    value NULL. Most compilers are smart enough to notice that 'temp' is
    never used again
    because the method is going to return immediately. So they skip
    setting 'temp' to NULL.
    In this case it should be harmless that the statement was ignored
    (see next example for a different variation.) In more
    complicated examples that involve loops (especially long
    lived event loops) a missed NIL assignment can lead to leaking the
    memory object whose
    reference didn't get set to NIL (incidentally this is the type of
    problem that causes
    the TOOL interpreter to leak references.)
    The second source is a complicated interaction caused by history of
    method invocations.
    Consider the following:
    Method A() invokes method B() which invokes method C().
    Method C() allocates a temporary TextData, invokes
    SetAllocatedSize(1000000)
    does some more work and then returns.
    Method B() returns.
    Method A() now invokes method D().
    Method D() allocates something that cause the memory manager to look
    for memory objects to free.
    Now, even though we have returned out of method C() we have starting
    invoking
    methods. This causes us to use re-use portions of the C++ stack used to
    maintain the history of method invocation and space for local variables.
    There is some probability that the reference to the 'temporary' TextData
    will now be visible to the memory manager because it was not overwritten
    by the invocation of D() or anything invoked by method D().
    This example answers questions of the form: Why does setting a local
    variable to
    NIL and returning and then invoking task.Part.Os.RecoverMemory not
    cause the
    object referenced by the local variable to be freed?
    In most cases these effects cause memory utilization to be slightly
    higher
    than expected (in well behaved cases it's less than 5%.) This is a small
    price to pay for the advantages of automatic memory management.
    An object-oriented programming style supported by automatic memory
    management makes it
    easy to extended existing objects or sets of objects by composition.
    For example:
    Method A() calls method B() to get the next record from the
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    is used because we always get records, objects, of a certain
    type from
    method B() so that we can reuse code.
    Method A() enters each row into a hash table so that it can
    implement a cache
    of the last N records seen.
    Method A() returns the record to its caller.
    With manual memory management there would have to be some interface
    that allows
    Method A() and/or the caller of A() to free the record. This
    requires
    that the programmer have a lot more knowledge about the
    various projects
    and classes that make up the application. If freeing doesn'
    happen you
    have a memory leak, if you free something while its still
    being used the
    results are unpredictable and most often fatal.
    With automatic memory management, method A() can 'free' its
    reference by removing
    the reference from the hash table. The caller can 'free' its
    reference by
    either setting the reference to NIL or getting another
    record and referring
    to the new record instead of the old record.
    Unfortunately, this convenience and power doesn't come for free. Consider
    the following,
    which comes from the Forte' run-time system:
    A Window-class object is a very complex beast. It is composed of two
    primary parts:
    the UserWindow object which contains the variables declared by the
    user, and the
    Window object which contains the object representation of the window
    created in
    the window workshop. The UserWindow and the Window reference each
    other. The Window
    references the Menu and each Widget placed on the Window directly. A
    compound Window
    object, like a Panel, can also have objects place in itself. These
    are typically
    called the children. Each of the children also has to know the
    identity of it's
    Mom so they refer to there parent object. It should be reasonably
    obvious that
    starting from any object that make up the window any other object
    can be found.
    This means that if the memory manager finds a reference to any
    object in the Window
    it can also find all other objects in the window. Now if a reference
    to any object
    in the Window can be found on the program stack, all objects in the
    window can
    also be found. Since there are so many objects and the work involved
    in displaying
    a window can be very complicated (I.E. the automatic geometry
    management that
    layouts the window when it is first opened or resized.) there are
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    a higher than
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    set of Window
    objects to not be freed.
    We solved this problem in the following fashion:
    Added a new Method called RecycleMemory() on UserWindow.
    Documented that when a window is not going to be used again
    that it is
    preferably that RecycleMemory() is invoked instead
    of Close().
    The RecycleMemory() method basically sets all references
    from parent to
    child to NIL and sets all references from child to
    parent to NIL.
    Thus all objects are isolated from other objects
    that make up
    the window.
    Changed a few methods on UserWindow, like Open(), to check
    if the caller
    is trying to open a recycled window and throw an
    exception.
    This was feasible because the code to traverse the parent/child
    relationship
    ready existed and was being used at close time to perform other
    bookkeeping
    operations on each of the Widgets.
    To summarize:
    Automatic memory management is less error prone and more productive but
    doesn't come totally for free.
    There are things that the programmer can do that assists the memory
    manager:
    o Set object reference to NIL when known to be correct (this
    is the
    way the memory is deallocated in an automatic system.)
    o Use methods like Clear() on Array and SetAllocatedSize()
    on TextData to
    that allow these objects to set their internal
    references to NIL
    when known to be correct.
    o Use the RecycleMemory() method on windows, especially very
    complicated
    windows.
    o Build similar type of methods into your own objects when
    needed.
    o If you build highly connected structures that are very
    large in the
    number of object involved think that how it might be
    broken
    apart gracefully (it defeats some of the purpose of
    automatic
    management to go to great lengths to deal with the
    problem.)
    o Since program stacks are the source of the 'noise'
    references, try
    and do things with less tasks (this was one of the
    reasons that
    we implemented event handlers so that a single task
    can control
    many different windows.)
    Even after doing all this its easy to still have a problem.
    Internally we have
    access to special tools that can help point at the problem so that
    it can be
    solved. We are attempting to give users UNSUPPORTED access to these
    tools for
    Release 3. This should allow users to more easily diagnose problems.
    It also
    tends to enlighten one about how things are structured and/or point out
    inconsistencies that are the source of known/unknown bugs.
    Derek
    Derek Frankforth [email protected]
    Forte Software Inc. [email protected]
    1800 Harrison St. +510.869.3407
    Oakland CA, 94612

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