2gb file limit
Does anyone know if the linux 2gb file size limit also limits
the oracle table size.
I appriciate that the oracle datafiles must be limited to 2gb
since bount by the limits of linux but can it spread tables over
a number of datafiles. Either way i need to move some 6gb+
tables from a sizey as400 to the linux/oracle box and i want to
know how.
btw. does anyone know if the linux 2gb limit is due for
resolution in a forthcoming kernal release?
cheers
adam
null
Timothy Weaver (guest) wrote:
: You can create multiple files for a tablespace. I've only done
: it in Enterprise Manager's Storage Manager software.
: The 2GB file size limit isn't a kernel issue, it's a
limitation
: of the ext2 filesystem. A journaling filesystem donated by SGI
: is being ported to Linux and will probably be considered a
: replacement of the ext2 system.
: adam hawkins (guest) wrote:
: : Does anyone know if the linux 2gb file size limit also
limits
: : the oracle table size.
: : I appriciate that the oracle datafiles must be limited to
2gb
: : since bount by the limits of linux but can it spread tables
: over
: : a number of datafiles. Either way i need to move some 6gb+
: : tables from a sizey as400 to the linux/oracle box and i want
: to
: : know how.
: : btw. does anyone know if the linux 2gb limit is due for
: : resolution in a forthcoming kernal release?
: : cheers
: : adam
Yes, tables can be > 2gb in size, spread over a number of
datafiles.
regards
Simon
null
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Luis SequeiraTimothy Weaver (guest) wrote:
: You can create multiple files for a tablespace. I've only done
: it in Enterprise Manager's Storage Manager software.
: The 2GB file size limit isn't a kernel issue, it's a
limitation
: of the ext2 filesystem. A journaling filesystem donated by SGI
: is being ported to Linux and will probably be considered a
: replacement of the ext2 system.
: adam hawkins (guest) wrote:
: : Does anyone know if the linux 2gb file size limit also
limits
: : the oracle table size.
: : I appriciate that the oracle datafiles must be limited to
2gb
: : since bount by the limits of linux but can it spread tables
: over
: : a number of datafiles. Either way i need to move some 6gb+
: : tables from a sizey as400 to the linux/oracle box and i want
: to
: : know how.
: : btw. does anyone know if the linux 2gb limit is due for
: : resolution in a forthcoming kernal release?
: : cheers
: : adam
Yes, tables can be > 2gb in size, spread over a number of
datafiles.
regards
Simon
null -
2GB OR NOT 2GB - FILE LIMITS IN ORACLE
제품 : ORACLE SERVER
작성날짜 : 2002-04-11
2GB OR NOT 2GB - FILE LIMITS IN ORACLE
======================================
Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This article describes "2Gb" issues. It gives information on why 2Gb
is a magical number and outlines the issues you need to know about if
you are considering using Oracle with files larger than 2Gb in size.
It also
looks at some other file related limits and issues.
The article has a Unix bias as this is where most of the 2Gb issues
arise but there is information relevant to other (non-unix)
platforms.
Articles giving port specific limits are listed in the last section.
Topics covered include:
Why is 2Gb a Special Number ?
Why use 2Gb+ Datafiles ?
Export and 2Gb
SQL*Loader and 2Gb
Oracle and other 2Gb issues
Port Specific Information on "Large Files"
Why is 2Gb a Special Number ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Many CPU's and system call interfaces (API's) in use today use a word
size of 32 bits. This word size imposes limits on many operations.
In many cases the standard API's for file operations use a 32-bit signed
word to represent both file size and current position within a file (byte
displacement). A 'signed' 32bit word uses the top most bit as a sign
indicator leaving only 31 bits to represent the actual value (positive or
negative). In hexadecimal the largest positive number that can be
represented in in 31 bits is 0x7FFFFFFF , which is +2147483647 decimal.
This is ONE less than 2Gb.
Files of 2Gb or more are generally known as 'large files'. As one might
expect problems can start to surface once you try to use the number
2147483648 or higher in a 32bit environment. To overcome this problem
recent versions of operating systems have defined new system calls which
typically use 64-bit addressing for file sizes and offsets. Recent Oracle
releases make use of these new interfaces but there are a number of issues
one should be aware of before deciding to use 'large files'.
What does this mean when using Oracle ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The 32bit issue affects Oracle in a number of ways. In order to use large
files you need to have:
1. An operating system that supports 2Gb+ files or raw devices
2. An operating system which has an API to support I/O on 2Gb+ files
3. A version of Oracle which uses this API
Today most platforms support large files and have 64bit APIs for such
files.
Releases of Oracle from 7.3 onwards usually make use of these 64bit APIs
but the situation is very dependent on platform, operating system version
and the Oracle version. In some cases 'large file' support is present by
default, while in other cases a special patch may be required.
At the time of writing there are some tools within Oracle which have not
been updated to use the new API's, most notably tools like EXPORT and
SQL*LOADER, but again the exact situation is platform and version specific.
Why use 2Gb+ Datafiles ?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In this section we will try to summarise the advantages and disadvantages
of using "large" files / devices for Oracle datafiles:
Advantages of files larger than 2Gb:
On most platforms Oracle7 supports up to 1022 datafiles.
With files < 2Gb this limits the database size to less than 2044Gb.
This is not an issue with Oracle8 which supports many more files.
In reality the maximum database size would be less than 2044Gb due
to maintaining separate data in separate tablespaces. Some of these
may be much less than 2Gb in size.
Less files to manage for smaller databases.
Less file handle resources required
Disadvantages of files larger than 2Gb:
The unit of recovery is larger. A 2Gb file may take between 15 minutes
and 1 hour to backup / restore depending on the backup media and
disk speeds. An 8Gb file may take 4 times as long.
Parallelism of backup / recovery operations may be impacted.
There may be platform specific limitations - Eg: Asynchronous IO
operations may be serialised above the 2Gb mark.
As handling of files above 2Gb may need patches, special configuration
etc.. there is an increased risk involved as opposed to smaller files.
Eg: On certain AIX releases Asynchronous IO serialises above 2Gb.
Important points if using files >= 2Gb
Check with the OS Vendor to determine if large files are supported
and how to configure for them.
Check with the OS Vendor what the maximum file size actually is.
Check with Oracle support if any patches or limitations apply
on your platform , OS version and Oracle version.
Remember to check again if you are considering upgrading either
Oracle or the OS in case any patches are required in the release
you are moving to.
Make sure any operating system limits are set correctly to allow
access to large files for all users.
Make sure any backup scripts can also cope with large files.
Note that there is still a limit to the maximum file size you
can use for datafiles above 2Gb in size. The exact limit depends
on the DB_BLOCK_SIZE of the database and the platform. On most
platforms (Unix, NT, VMS) the limit on file size is around
4194302*DB_BLOCK_SIZE.
Important notes generally
Be careful when allowing files to automatically resize. It is
sensible to always limit the MAXSIZE for AUTOEXTEND files to less
than 2Gb if not using 'large files', and to a sensible limit
otherwise. Note that due to <Bug:568232> it is possible to specify
an value of MAXSIZE larger than Oracle can cope with which may
result in internal errors after the resize occurs. (Errors
typically include ORA-600 [3292])
On many platforms Oracle datafiles have an additional header
block at the start of the file so creating a file of 2Gb actually
requires slightly more than 2Gb of disk space. On Unix platforms
the additional header for datafiles is usually DB_BLOCK_SIZE bytes
but may be larger when creating datafiles on raw devices.
2Gb related Oracle Errors:
These are a few of the errors which may occur when a 2Gb limit
is present. They are not in any particular order.
ORA-01119 Error in creating datafile xxxx
ORA-27044 unable to write header block of file
SVR4 Error: 22: Invalid argument
ORA-19502 write error on file 'filename', blockno x (blocksize=nn)
ORA-27070 skgfdisp: async read/write failed
ORA-02237 invalid file size
KCF:write/open error dba=xxxxxx block=xxxx online=xxxx file=xxxxxxxx
file limit exceed.
Unix error 27, EFBIG
Export and 2Gb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2Gb Export File Size
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
At the time of writing most versions of export use the default file
open API when creating an export file. This means that on many platforms
it is impossible to export a file of 2Gb or larger to a file system file.
There are several options available to overcome 2Gb file limits with
export such as:
- It is generally possible to write an export > 2Gb to a raw device.
Obviously the raw device has to be large enough to fit the entire
export into it.
- By exporting to a named pipe (on Unix) one can compress, zip or
split up the output.
See: "Quick Reference to Exporting >2Gb on Unix" <Note:30528.1>
- One can export to tape (on most platforms)
See "Exporting to tape on Unix systems" <Note:30428.1>
(This article also describes in detail how to export to
a unix pipe, remote shell etc..)
Other 2Gb Export Issues
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Oracle has a maximum extent size of 2Gb. Unfortunately there is a problem
with EXPORT on many releases of Oracle such that if you export a large table
and specify COMPRESS=Y then it is possible for the NEXT storage clause
of the statement in the EXPORT file to contain a size above 2Gb. This
will cause import to fail even if IGNORE=Y is specified at import time.
This issue is reported in <Bug:708790> and is alerted in <Note:62436.1>
An export will typically report errors like this when it hits a 2Gb
limit:
. . exporting table BIGEXPORT
EXP-00015: error on row 10660 of table BIGEXPORT,
column MYCOL, datatype 96
EXP-00002: error in writing to export file
EXP-00002: error in writing to export file
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
There is a secondary issue reported in <Bug:185855> which indicates that
a full database export generates a CREATE TABLESPACE command with the
file size specified in BYTES. If the filesize is above 2Gb this may
cause an ORA-2237 error when attempting to create the file on IMPORT.
This issue can be worked around be creating the tablespace prior to
importing by specifying the file size in 'M' instead of in bytes.
<Bug:490837> indicates a similar problem.
Export to Tape
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The VOLSIZE parameter for export is limited to values less that 4Gb.
On some platforms may be only 2Gb.
This is corrected in Oracle 8i. <Bug:490190> describes this problem.
SQL*Loader and 2Gb
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Typically SQL*Loader will error when it attempts to open an input
file larger than 2Gb with an error of the form:
SQL*Loader-500: Unable to open file (bigfile.dat)
SVR4 Error: 79: Value too large for defined data type
The examples in <Note:30528.1> can be modified to for use with SQL*Loader
for large input data files.
Oracle 8.0.6 provides large file support for discard and log files in
SQL*Loader but the maximum input data file size still varies between
platforms. See <Bug:948460> for details of the input file limit.
<Bug:749600> covers the maximum discard file size.
Oracle and other 2Gb issues
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This sections lists miscellaneous 2Gb issues:
- From Oracle 8.0.5 onwards 64bit releases are available on most platforms.
An extract from the 8.0.5 README file introduces these - see <Note:62252.1>
- DBV (the database verification file program) may not be able to scan
datafiles larger than 2Gb reporting "DBV-100".
This is reported in <Bug:710888>
- "DATAFILE ... SIZE xxxxxx" clauses of SQL commands in Oracle must be
specified in 'M' or 'K' to create files larger than 2Gb otherwise the
error "ORA-02237: invalid file size" is reported. This is documented
in <Bug:185855>.
- Tablespace quotas cannot exceed 2Gb on releases before Oracle 7.3.4.
Eg: ALTER USER <username> QUOTA 2500M ON <tablespacename>
reports
ORA-2187: invalid quota specification.
This is documented in <Bug:425831>.
The workaround is to grant users UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege if they
need a quota above 2Gb.
- Tools which spool output may error if the spool file reaches 2Gb in size.
Eg: sqlplus spool output.
- Certain 'core' functions in Oracle tools do not support large files -
See <Bug:749600> which is fixed in Oracle 8.0.6 and 8.1.6.
Note that this fix is NOT in Oracle 8.1.5 nor in any patch set.
Even with this fix there may still be large file restrictions as not
all code uses these 'core' functions.
Note though that <Bug:749600> covers CORE functions - some areas of code
may still have problems.
Eg: CORE is not used for SQL*Loader input file I/O
- The UTL_FILE package uses the 'core' functions mentioned above and so is
limited by 2Gb restrictions Oracle releases which do not contain this fix.
<Package:UTL_FILE> is a PL/SQL package which allows file IO from within
PL/SQL.
Port Specific Information on "Large Files"
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Below are references to information on large file support for specific
platforms. Although every effort is made to keep the information in
these articles up-to-date it is still advisable to carefully test any
operation which reads or writes from / to large files:
Platform See
~~~~~~~~ ~~~
AIX (RS6000 / SP) <Note:60888.1>
HP <Note:62407.1>
Digital Unix <Note:62426.1>
Sequent PTX <Note:62415.1>
Sun Solaris <Note:62409.1>
Windows NT Maximum 4Gb files on FAT
Theoretical 16Tb on NTFS
** See <Note:67421.1> before using large files
on NT with Oracle8
*2 There is a problem with DBVERIFY on 8.1.6
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Step 1
Write a simple Java program like the one listed:
import java.io.File;
public class fileCheckUtl {
public static int fileExists(String FileName) {
File x = new File(FileName);
if (x.exists())
return 1;
else return 0;
public static void main (String args[]) {
fileCheckUtl f = new fileCheckUtl();
int i;
i = f.fileExists(args[0]);
System.out.println(i);
Step 2 Load this into the Oracle data using LoadJava
loadjava -verbose -resolve -user user/pw@db fileCheckUtl.java
The output should be something like this:
creating : source fileCheckUtl
loading : source fileCheckUtl
creating : fileCheckUtl
resolving: source fileCheckUtl
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION FILE_CHECK_UTL (file_name IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER AS
LANGUAGE JAVA
NAME 'fileCheckUtl.fileExists(java.lang.String) return int';
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SQL> select file_check_utl('f:\myjava\fileCheckUtl.java') from dual
2 /
FILE_CHECK_UTL('F:\MYJAVA\FILECHECKUTL.JAVA')
1 -
While reading in the release notes I notice the commit "Linux
does not support files > 2gb". Does this mean the maxium file
size for a database is 2gb? Does oracle have a way to connect
over that. Most databases won't be any bigger than this but
whats the sollution?
Jim
nullKai (guest) wrote:
: I made the experience, that the file limit for Oracle is not
: 2GB, it is 2000M instead. Take care of that limit, especially
: when using autoextend on files !
: Kai
: Pieter Holthuijsen (guest) wrote:
I've had the following experience with Oracle 8.0.5 and Linux.
At some point I created a data file with the max size of 2000M
(Oracle 8.0.5). Later my database grew larger than this limit and
I then added yet another data file and all seemed to work
perfectly. Much later when I had to do a maintenance shutdown of
the Oracle database, I ran into big problems on starting the
database again.
It failed to start because of a check that a data file must be a
multiple of 2Kb. This occurred because the maximum file size in
Linux is not 2Gb but (2Gb-1Kb), in other words no longer a
multiple of 2Kb. So it cannot be advised to use datafiles in
Oracle on 2000M, instead one should smaller e.g. 1500M or
similar.
I solved the problem by a little hack. Instead of deleting the
inconsistent data file and restore it from backup, I observed
that there where no data at the end of the file, it only
contained zeroes for the last several Kb. I guess that Oracle
extended the file but failed to place data in the file.
Well all I did was to truncate the last 1Kb of the file, so that
it now was a multiple of 2Kb and all was fine (Oracle started). I
then alter tablespace to resize the file so that I was sure that
it would not happen again.
In my ears it does sound as a bug in Oracle (or Linux), I guess
Oracle failed to test this condition.
-- Martin
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Last edited by Zygote (2014-07-17 10:04:43) -
System Check error : Actual open files limit:7000, needed 8000 nodes:
Hi,
System check showing up error 'Actual open files limit:7000, needed 8000 nodes:' in our BIA system.
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Srinivas.Hello Srinivas,
please see SAP Note <a href="http://service.sap.com/sap/support/notes/1273695">1273695</a>.
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I work on Oracle database Version 10 R 10.2.0.4.0
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JJ1604 wrote:
I work on Oracle database Version 10 R 10.2.0.4.0
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Any reply is truely appreciated.
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Any Apps for HP Deskjet 3520 e-all-in-o​ne
are there any apps on the eprint center that will work on my HP Deskjet 3520 e-all-in-one This question was solved. View Solution.
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Problem with Admin access to downloaded apps in Mountain Lion
I am using a full admin account on my MacBook, running Mountain Lion Version 10.8.2. I have downloaded 2 applications and installed them. When I try to open the applications, I keep getting the following message: Cannot install required resources. Yo
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Final Cut Pro to work on two computers simultaneously?
I have two iMac computers running the same version and serial number of Final Cut Pro. But, only one computer can work with Final Cut at a time. I have to log out from FCP to be able to open FCP on the second computer. This limits our ability to work
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OK, Is there a way to verify f a system is running in dual DDR? I have 2 512 Meg sticks in slots 1/3 and Sandra reports 1024 Meg avail, as well as XP Pro. I have not seen anything in the bios to enable/disable, so is it an automatic thing that i
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XML Publisher Enterprise 5.6.2 standalone + Bursting
Dear Gurus, Env details : XML Publisher Enterprise 5.6.2 standalone. In Xml publisher, created a report using datatemplate. which does create a XML file with right data. one of the tag in data file has email address of the Customer. How I can send em