3rd-party software to make RAID 1 (mirror) on a drive that already has data

Is there software which lets you simply add a 2nd drive to an already working Mac and make a RAID 1 mirror without waiting for the following:
- clone the internal drive to an external for backup
- add the 2nd internal drive
- erase both internal drives
- make the RAID 1 set out of both drives
- clone the data back to the RAID 1 from the external
This works just fine. It just takes a long time and requires extra external drives to boot from and do the cloning.
What I'm looking for is a utility that will reduce the process to:
- clone to external for just-in-case backup
- add the 2nd internal drive
- use the utility to mirror the 2nd (new) drive to the pre-existing data on the 1st drive and make a RAID 1 mirror set out of them (without erasing them)
- there is no step 4. there is no step 4! (ha ha ha)
in short: to make an OS X RAID 1 without having to erase a drive that already has customer data with the Disk Utility or some other software
I checked Made4Mac already - none of the listed partitioning tools seem to be able to make a RAID "in place". I'm assuming this is not easy or Disk Utility would already be able to do it.
It's too bad the Disk Utility can only make a RAID 1 using blank, virgin drives. Maybe they'll fix it in Leopard. Can anyone from Apple comment?
I know about SoftRAID - but it's $149 per seat. I'm looking for something I can use on customer machines over and over again, without having to sell them a software license - like Partition Magick or DiskWarrior.
Thanks!
    RAID 1

IKE-D-
Why not use the CLI and do it that way? i don't know it AppleScript hooks into the terminal and/or can run terminal commands but that may be worth looking into as well.
I would think that it would be a good idea to erase all your drives in the RAID at once and start fresh. Why not back up the internal to a pair of RAIDED external FW800 drives, add the second drive in the Mac, make the internal RAID by formatting both drives and then copy the external RAID back to the internal RAID? Oops, I know, now we have a step 4.
Nobody from Apple ever comments here. We are all users, just like yourself, that just want to help.
Luck-
-DaddyPaycheck

Similar Messages

  • Creating a mirrored raid set with a hard drive that already has data on it.

    I have a hard drive that I keep my photos on, and want to create a mirrored raid set that includes this drive, with its data, and another drive.  How can I do this without erasing the drive with my photos on them?  I am running 10.7.5 if that matters.
    Thanks for any help.

    Creating a Mirrored RAID reformats the drive and loads a substantial RAID driver and some tables onto it. When completed, the drive is inherently a member of a RAID set, and will continue to be so even if moved to another Mac.
    because of this, you cannot create a RAID directly on a standard drive that contains data already in any reasonable, risk-free way.
    To amplify what The Hatter has said above, Mirrored RAID is not Backup. Mirrored RAID only increases mean time to repair to keep a drive failure from becoming a Data Disaster. You still need a Backup. Mirrored RAID does not protect you from deletions from user error, crazy software, or "just because".
    I run a mirrored RAID in my Home Server, which contains all the Users files for everyone in the Household. And I also recognize (after being burned by it) that Mirrored RAID is helpful, but not a sufficient Backup by itself. I back up the Users Drive automatically to an External drive using Time Machine. [So what I am advising is not just theoretical, I am living what I am advising.]
    With WD Black 1TB  and other very good drives in the under US$100 range, there is really no reason NOT to invest in several drives for such an undertaking.

  • 3rd party software tools to automate Weblogic deployments/release process

    Folks,
    I'm currently evaluating few 3rd party software tools to automate Weblogic deployments/release process - software release automation.
    if someone has used products from Xepialabs , UC4 or Urbandeploy etc - can you advise how effective these are please?..
    We have around 25+ enterprise level release environments based on Oracle weblogic on solaris and it is manual deployments via wlst scripts etc.
    Also any ideas/suggestion on opensource projects would be great as well.
    I will be really grateful if you can respond.
    Regards,
    Saha

    IKE-D-
    Why not use the CLI and do it that way? i don't know it AppleScript hooks into the terminal and/or can run terminal commands but that may be worth looking into as well.
    I would think that it would be a good idea to erase all your drives in the RAID at once and start fresh. Why not back up the internal to a pair of RAIDED external FW800 drives, add the second drive in the Mac, make the internal RAID by formatting both drives and then copy the external RAID back to the internal RAID? Oops, I know, now we have a step 4.
    Nobody from Apple ever comments here. We are all users, just like yourself, that just want to help.
    Luck-
    -DaddyPaycheck

  • Automator - Loop through a text file and process data through a 3rd party software

    Just stumbled on Automator the other day (I am a mac n00b) and would like to automate the processing of a text file, line-by-line, using a third party tool.  I would like Automator to loop through the text file one line at a time, copy the string and keep as a variable.  Next, place the variable data (copied string) into the text field of the 3rd party software for processing.  Once the processing is complete, I would like Automator to fetch the next line/string for processing.  I see items like "copy from clipboard" and  "variables" within the menu but I am not finding much documentation on how to utilizle this tool.  Just hear how potentially powerful it is. 
    The 3rd party software is not a brand name, just something made for me to process text.  I may have to use mouse clicks or tabs + [return] to navigate with Automator.  A term I heard on Bn Walldie's itunes video series was "scriptable software" for which I don't think this 3rd party app would be. 
    Kind regards,
    jw

    Good news and bad news...
    The good news is that it should be entirely possible to automate your workflow.
    The bad news is that it will be a nightmare to implement via Automator, if it's even possible.
    Automator is, essentially a pretty interface on top of AppleScript/Apple Events, and with the pretty interface comes a certain stranglehold on features. Knowing how to boil rice might make you a cook, but understanding flavor profiles and ingredient combinations can make you a chef, and it's the same with AppleScript and Automator. Automator's good at getting you from points A to B but if there are any bumps in the road (e.g. the application you're using isn't scriptable) then it falls apart.
    What I'm getting at is that your requirements are pretty simple to implement in AppleScript because you can get 'under the hood' and do exactly what you want, as opposed to Automator's restricted interface.
    The tricky part is that if no one else can see this app it's going to be hard to tell you what to do.
    I can give you the basics on reading a file and iterating through the lines of text in it, and I can show you how to 'type' text in any given application, but it may be up to you to put the pieces together.
    Here's one way of reading a file and working through each line of text:
    -- ask the user for a file:
    set theFile to (choose file)
    -- read the file contents:
    set theFileContents to (read file theFile)
    -- break out the lines/paragraphs of text:
    set theLines to paragraphs of theFileContents
    -- now iterate through those lines, one by one:
    repeat with eachLine in theLines
      -- code to perform for eachLine goes here
    end repeat
    Once you have a line of text (eachLine in the above example) you can 'type' that into another application via something like:
    tell application "AppName" to activate
    tell application "System Events"
              tell process "AppName"
      keystroke eachLine
              end tell
    end tell
    Here the AppleScript is activating the application and using System Events to emulate typing the contents of the eachLine variable into the process. Put this inside your repeat loop and you're almost there.

  • Trouble getting java install wizard to work with 3rd party software

    Hi,
    I just installed Java 2 SDK version 1.4.2 under Solaris 8. The installation appears to be fine. I changed
    the links and PATH to make sure I'm pointing to the correct version. I am trying to install a 3rd party software called Powerchute Network Shutdown by APC, to be able to shut down our servers remotely, that are attached to our APC UPS. I get these error messages from the software:
    starting the wizard
    Exception in main calss "JExpressLoader"
    java wizard not started properly
    unable to start the install wizard
    Tech support at APC has been unable to help me. I am wondering if someone can tell me how to verify my java wizard is installed correctly. (I don't even know what a java wizard is by the way, so hopefully
    this question makes some sense to someone).
    Thanks.
    -Trish

    You need Xwindow System in your sun.

  • Backup and synching with a Windows Server, what 3rd party software do I need.

    I have a Macbook Air.  We just got a new Server, a Dell PowerEdge T420 running Windows Small Business Server 2011 CAL Suite.
    I am told my Macbook Air will not Snych to backup files from a defined folder (like My Documents) and e-mail in Outlook.  Mac's can't do that. 
    I don't believe that is true.  Can anyone give me direction.  Is there some 3rd party software that allows Mac to do this?

    Hello Charlene,
    And welcome to Apple Discussions!
    There are several ways you can pull the music off your iPod and onto iTunes. The first link below provides step-by-step instructions for the direct method if you have a PC as well as a few third party applications (for both the Mac and PC) if you choose to go that route instead. You can also do a simple Google search for "copy music from iPod to computer" and you should receive a number of sites that can help you out.
    Just make sure that when you have your iPod plugged into your computer, that you don't hit "Erase and Sync" before completing the task of copying your music over.
    Also, if you have any purchased music, you will probably have to re-authorize your computer by heading to the Store drop down menu and choosing "Authorize computer."
    [5 Ways to Copy Music OFF your iPod and onto iTunes|http://www.metaphoriclabs.com/articles/5-ways-to-copy-music-off-your-ipo d-windows-mac-os-x>
    Here are a few more helpful sites.
    [Copying Content from your iPod to your Computer - The Definitive Guide|http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/copying-music-from-ipo d-to-computer]
    Or
    [How to copy songs your iPod to your PC|http://lifehacker.com/software/ipod/how-to-copy-songs-from-your-ipod-to-your -pc-105256.php]
    Also, here is an article for the direct method that is for both Windows Vista and XP.
    http://ipodtips-tricks.blogspot.com/2008/10/howto-transfer-music-from-ipodto-itu nes.html
    Hope this helps.
    B-rock

  • E65 3rd party software

    Choose this phone with a view to run TomTom 6 and other software, but can't install any 3rd party software. I brought the phone from three and have spoken with them today. Apparently they modify the phone so you can't run any 3rd party software. Is there a way of getting round this?

    I read somewhere that you can put your phone back to the default factory settings - i.e you can de-Three it - by entering a reset code.
    This thread shows you how to enter the reset code:
    /discussions/board/message?board.id=communicators&message.id=2852
    Before you do that I would do a bit of research though just to make sure!

  • 3rd party software for Windows install

    I'm moving our current installation to a Windows 2003 server and the 3rd party software neeeded is MSC++, MKS Toolkit, GNU make and Perl 5.0053. We
    gonna have to buy the MKS Toolkit, anyone know what the minimum TK is
    needed.
    Mortice Kern now has 4 versions ranging from $359 to $5000 for
    single user/single box. The expensive one used to be called MKS Nutcracker,
    the $479 one used to be called plain old MKS Toolkit.
    Thanks in advance, joe

    Thanks to the readers, I found that MKS Toolkit Developer version, $479,
    is sufficient for installing Oracle Apps.
    joe

  • 3rd party software installed on the Palm

    I have a Palm Treo 755p. Which has three different 3rd party software install on it. The 3rd party software consist of UptoDate, Documents to Go, Intellsync. At any time one of these third party applications will reboot the just touching/clicking on anything within the 3rd party application. My short term solution has been to just reinstall the application but now I am wondering if its something bigger like the Palm cannot handle all three 3rd party applications.
    Post relates to: Treo 755p (Verizon)

    $phinx19 wrote:
    Ok, My bad!
    Here are the exact errors that I am facing:
    C:\Users\Appadmin>path
    PATH=D:\oraclient\product\11.2.0\client_1\bin;D:\oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\
    C:\Users\Appadmin>tnsping dpsecure
    TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 30-SEP-2013 17:48:07
    Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Used parameter files:
    D:\oraclient\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
    TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
    C:\Users\Appadmin>
    C:\Users\Appadmin>sqlplus
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 30 17:49:10 2013
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter user-name: system@dpsecure
    Enter password:
    ERROR:
    ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
    But when I change the path to my oracle home of database and not the client, I am able to connect to the database, which makes sense.
    D:\>cd D:\oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin
    D:\oracle\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\BIN>sqlplus
    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Sep 30 17:50:17 2013
    Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Enter user-name: system@dpsecure
    Enter password:
    Connected to:
    Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
    With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
    SQL>
    So, I need to know, why I am unable to connect to the database from the client home path.
    Hope I am EXACT this time
    Regards,
    Sphinx
    see: http://edstevensdba.wordpress.com/2011/02/26/ora-12154tns-03505/ (ora-12154 TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified)

  • 3rd party software to sync notes for iPod touch?

    Does anyone know of a 3rd party software that will sync notes for the iPod touch? I've done a search and can't find anything. There is one called iNote but that isn't for the touch.
    Thanks

    There is one called iNote but that isn't for the touch.
    iNote works fine on the iPod touch. What makes you think it doesn't?
    http://www.itunes.com/app/inote

  • Prevent shockwave player from trying to install 3rd party software?

    I am a sysadmin for a relatively small-ish enterprise (around 50-ish PCs).  We have scripts which push out shockwave player to all our systems but when a user loads a page which requires shockwave, they get a UAC prompt because the player is trying to install 3rd party software (usually Google Chrome browser).  How do I stop this from happening?  Is there a command line argument I can set (preferable method) or some other centrally-managed method for turning this off?  Thanks in advance.
    M

    I guess I am not explaining myself very well. 
    I am currently using the EXE full installer from the distribution page.  The installation works very well and I can get it to run in "silent" mode to avoid interaction with the user.  Once the installation finishes, and I load a web page which requires Shockwave player, I get prompted at that point to download/install Chrome.  That is the part I would like to know if it's possible to stop, because all our users are getting UAC prompts and it's always because Shockwave wants to run some installer after loading.  I had hoped that going to the distribution version (as opposed to the straight download from the Adobe.com home page) would resolve this but they seem to be the same version, which makes me wonder why I bothered to sign up for it in the first place.

  • Using stock apple apps, instead 3rd party software

    I was wondering what would be the best option for cleaning application cache, memory and doing regular computer maintenance, without installing 3rd party software, or if there is any?
    can CleanMyMac or DiskDoctor functions substituted with apple stock apps ?
    thanks

    How to maintain a Mac
    1. Make redundant backups, keeping at least one off site at all times. One backup is not enough. Don’t back up your backups; all should be made directly from the original data. Don’t rely completely on any single backup method, such as Time Machine. If you get an indication that a backup has failed, don't ignore it.
    2. Keep your software up to date. In the App Store or Software Update preference pane (depending on the OS version), you can configure automatic notifications of updates to OS X and other Mac App Store products. Some third-party applications from other sources have a similar feature, if you don’t mind letting them phone home. Otherwise you have to check yourself on a regular basis.
    Keeping up to date is especially important for complex software that modifies the operating system, such as device drivers. Before installing any Apple update, you must check that all such modifications that you use are compatible. Incompatibility with third-party software is by far the most common cause of trouble with system updates.
    3. Don't install crapware, such as “themes,” "haxies," “add-ons,” “toolbars,” “enhancers," “optimizers,” “accelerators,” "boosters," “extenders,” “cleaners,” "doctors," "tune-ups," “defragmenters,” “firewalls,” "barriers," “guardians,” “defenders,” “protectors,” most “plugins,” commercial "virus scanners,” "disk tools," or "utilities." With very few exceptions, such stuff is useless or worse than useless. Above all, avoid any software that purports to change the look and feel of the user interface.
    It's not much of an exaggeration to say that the whole "utility" software industry for the Mac is a fraud on consumers. The most extreme examples are the "CleanMyMac" and “MacKeeper” scams, but there are many others.
    As a rule, the only software you should install is that which directly enables you to do the things you use a computer for, and doesn't change the way other software works.
    Safari extensions, and perhaps the equivalent for other web browsers, are a partial exception to the above rule. Most are safe, and they're easy to get rid of if they don't work. Some may cause the browser to crash or otherwise malfunction.  Some are malicious. Use with caution, and install only well-known extensions from relatively trustworthy sources, such as the Safari Extensions Gallery.
    Never install any third-party software unless you know how to uninstall it. Otherwise you may create problems that are very hard to solve. Do not rely on "utilities" such as "AppCleaner" and the like that purport to remove software.
    4. Don't install bad, conflicting, or unnecessary fonts. Whenever you install new fonts, use the validation feature of the built-in Font Book application to make sure the fonts aren't defective and don't conflict with each other or with others that you already have. See the built-in help and this support article for instructions. Deactivate or remove fonts that you don't really need to speed up application launching.
    5. Avoid malware. Malware is malicious software that circulates on the Internet. This kind of attack on OS X was once so rare that it was hardly a concern, but malware is now increasingly common, and increasingly dangerous.
    There is some built-in protection against downloading malware, but you can’t rely on it — the attackers are always at least one day ahead of the defense. You can’t rely on third-party protection either. What you can rely on is common-sense awareness — not paranoia, which only makes you more vulnerable.
    Never install software from an untrustworthy or unknown source. If in doubt, do some research. Any website that prompts you to install a “codec” or “plugin” that comes from the same site, or an unknown site, is untrustworthy. Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, must come directly from the developer's website. No intermediary is acceptable, and don’t trust links unless you know how to parse them. Any file that is automatically downloaded from the web, without your having requested it, should go straight into the Trash. A web page that tells you that your computer has a “virus,” or that anything else is wrong with it, is a scam.
    In OS X 10.7.5 or later, downloaded applications and Installer packages that have not been digitally signed by a developer registered with Apple are blocked from loading by default. The block can be overridden, but think carefully before you do so.
    Because of recurring security issues in Java, it’s best to disable it in your web browsers, if it’s installed. Few websites have Java content nowadays, so you won’t be missing much. This action is mandatory if you’re running any version of OS X older than 10.6.8 with the latest Java update. Note: Java has nothing to do with JavaScript, despite the similar names. Don't install Java unless you're sure you need it. Most people don't.
    6. Don't fill up your boot volume. A common mistake is adding more and more large files to your home folder until you start to get warnings that you're out of space, which may be followed in short order by a boot failure. This is more prone to happen on the newer Macs that come with an internal SSD instead of the traditional hard drive. The drive can be very nearly full before you become aware of the problem.
    While it's not true that you should or must keep any particular percentage of space free, you should monitor your storage use and make sure you're not in immediate danger of using it up. According to Apple documentation, you need at least 9 GB of free space on the startup volume for normal operation.
    If storage space is running low, use a tool such as OmniDiskSweeper to explore the volume and find out what's taking up the most space. Move seldom-used large files to secondary storage.
    7. Relax, don’t do it. Besides the above, no routine maintenance is necessary or beneficial for the vast majority of users; specifically not “cleaning caches,” “zapping the PRAM,” "resetting the SMC," “rebuilding the directory,” "defragmenting the drive," “running periodic scripts,” “dumping logs,” "deleting temp files," “scanning for viruses,” "purging memory," "checking for bad blocks," "testing the hardware," or “repairing permissions.” Such measures are either completely pointless or are useful only for solving problems, not for prevention.
    To use a Mac effectively, you have to free yourself from the Windows mindset that every computer needs regular downtime maintenance such as "defragging" and "registry cleaning." Those concepts do not apply to the Mac platform. A computing device should not be a focus of your attention. It should be an almost invisible tool by means of which you communicate, work, and play. If you want a machine that is always whining for your attention like a neurotic dog, use a PC.
    The very height of futility is running an expensive third-party application called “Disk Warrior” when nothing is wrong, or even when something is wrong and you have backups, which you must have. Disk Warrior is a data-salvage tool, not a maintenance tool, and you will never need it if your backups are adequate. Don’t waste money on it or anything like it.

  • Issues with Form printing using a 3rd party software!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!11

    Hi All,
    We are printing our month end AR statements using Xerox DP100 printers. We are using a SAP Script as the layout form. Everything works perfectly alright when a direct print is issued to the printer. But the scenario here is the statements are sent to a 3rd party software so that the statements can be saved in their repository and made available to be viewed and printed whenever necessary. Now the issue is when this 3rd Party Software(TPS) reads the SAP generated PCL from its report store on the unix host and generates a PDF File that it presents to the web client user for (re)printing via his/her PC it appears that the TPS or Websphere or Adobe is performing a font substituion - replacing the Univers font(used in R/3) which is not loaded on the unix host with a different font(with different sizing and/or behavior).
    As a result the horizontal and vertical positioning generated by SAP(which is correct for the Univers font) is 'wrong' for the substituted font. The fixed size fields print OK but gradually move to the right. The varying size amount columns do not align correctly and fall off the right side of the page.
    Can anyone give me pointers on what can be done to arrest this error.
    Does the font need to be loaded on the unix host or the font used in the form be changed?
    Regards,
    Karthik

    Karthik,
              Sap script behaves differently for different printers. You will have to change margins when you change your printer/software accordingly.

  • Is 3rd party software required for auto creation of DIR for scanned copy,

    Hello SAP gurus.
    The current business process is there are 100s of service order, (IW31 creation TC) and each service order has its own 50-60 external documents attached to it.
    unfortunately there is no standard link from SAP DMS at Service order (lW31, TC) level.
    Here i tought of creating a document folder in EDMS or structure with the reference of service order No. And keeping this service order as reference we need some 50-60 documents (files) to be directly assigned to the main service order No, with out any manual intervention.
    Here is what the user does in the present system
    With our client in the present system they use a 3rd party software  for mail and scanner interface, here Any x, y, z user scans an document or Mails a document with attachments, just giving the subject line as the Service order already created.
    The document attachment directly comes and sits inside the predefined Service Order folder. Along with the user name who sent the document and the time he sent the document.
    Is the same thing possible in SAP ie.. Creating or attaching documents with out any manual interventions taking the reference of Mails sent having the subject line as the DIR
    Does this require 3rd party interference to do this,  will any BAPI  /BADI to do this for DMS with out 3rd party software.
    is there any upload programme that should be used which will avoid 3rd party software.
    please explain. points waiting.
    Thanks and warm regards
    Priya S
    Edited by: Priya S on Mar 16, 2009 4:32 PM

    Hi Priya
    Creation of New Object link is not so hard job.If any expert ABAP Consulatnt is available he can do in a week.But It all depend on his understanding of functionality clearly and quicky.
    For developement of new object link check this link.
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp60_sp/helpdata/en/b2/c043a66fab11d1949500a0c92f024a/content.htm
    They work fine if you develope it as per procedure in above link.You just need good ABAP'er.
    If you are trying  upload Proggramme to upload the files daily basis from folder you can do this .
    Just  create folder on desktop put some docuemnts and run BDC to upload the document to DIR.I had tried once. Get help of Good ABAP'er to do your job.
    If any help please get back.
    With regards
    Mangesh Pande

  • How do I transfer photo files from desktop to ipad without 3rd party software?

    how do I transfer photo and music files from my laptop to ipad2 without purchasing a 3rd party software?

    You can use iTunes which is free (http://www.apple.com/itunes) - and that is the only way to sync music from a computer to the iPad
    Syncing photos via iTunes : http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4236 . You need to sync all photos that you want on the iPad together in one go, as only the most recent remains on the iPad - not including photos in a subsequent sync is how you delete them from the iPad

Maybe you are looking for

  • How do I create a new administrator account?

    I want to create a new administrator account and then move everythng (files, etc.) over to the new account. Then I would delete the old account. How do I do that? I am running 10.7.5 on a Macbook Pro. Thanks, Catherine

  • Stop LIS Updating

    Hello friends, I don't know so much about LIS updates but I do know I want to stop them from happening. Can anyone tell me how to do it and whether those updates are nessecery for anythig( for example we have BW datasources, are they might be using t

  • Ipod touch 5th generation itunes wont load

    My 5th generation ipod touch will not load itunes

  • Bursting : printing using LPD protocol?

    Hi everyone, I am having trouble sending my .pdf output to a printer and wondered if anyone has used LPD protocol instead of IPP. I am on 5.6.3 and read that it may be supported on this version. If anyone is using this, an example from your control f

  • Database got too slow suddenly

    Hi All, I am new to DBA activities. Here, the development database suddenly got very slow after executing few update statements. Oracle Database version is 9.2.1.0 running on 32 bit windows. Its net size is around 5.5 GB. SGA allocation - 304 MB Netw