64-bit Technical Question from Apple Insider

Hello Everyone,
I just posted a question in response to an article at Apple Insider:
http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/09/09/02/insidemac_os_x_snow_leopard_64bits.html
I thought that some people here might have either some insight to my question, or just might be interested in the article. Thanks!
Contents of post from Apple Insider:
I have a pretty extensive background with Windows and the x86 architecture, but still consider myself somewhat of a newbie when it comes to Macs. However, with Apple's switch to Intel CPUs, the basic architecture of Macs and PCS are largely the same now. Which leads me to my question. The x86 architecture was extended to 64-bit, similar to how the original 8086 was extended to 32-bit. The main point here is that to access the 32-bit features of the processor, the processor is switched to what is called "Protected Mode" to enable it. Similarly, to access the 64-bit mode of an x64 processor, it has to be switched to what is called "Long Mode." Long Mode is necessary to access the extra GPR (General Purpose Registers) and other features unique to x64. When running a 32-bit operating system, the x64 processor is switched to "Legacy Mode", which is unable to use the extra GPRs or other features of an x64 CPU. So, now on to my question.
32-bit versions of Windows have (as expected) a 32-bit kernel, and run in "Legacy Mode" on a 64-bit processor. 64-bit versions of WIndows have a 64-bit kernel, and run in "Long Mode", which allows 32-bit applications to run using a feature called "Compatibility Mode". So, does anyone here know how this applies to Snow Leopard? I mean, if you are using the 32-bit kernel in Snow Leopard, is the processor in Long Mode or is it in Legacy Mode? Does OS X boot the processor in Long Mode, but runs the kernel in Compatibility mode? That seems to be the best option, as it would allow exposure to the extra GPRs and stuff. However, I have been unable to find this information posted anywhere. Thanks!

Hi AppleMan1958,
The processor modes are not a fixture of BIOS or Windows, as they are a function of the x86 architecture. These modes (there are several, if you are interested check this wiki article
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86#Operating_modes) are how the architecture maintains binary compatibly with programs that date back to 1978 (at least from an ABI level, there are other things that may prevent them from running on modern computer). As an interesting side note, MS-DOS is a 16-bit operating system, but many of the popular games (like Doom and Duke Nukem 3D) are 32-bit, so how does a 32-bit program run on a 16-bit OS? By the use of the ever-so-popular DOS Extender (anyone remember DOS4G?). The DOS extender switches the processor into "Protected" Mode, which is the native 32-bit mode of Intel 80386 and newer processors. I am thinking that Snow Leopard either runs in "Long Mode" and just runs the kernel as a 32-bit process in "Compatibility Mode", or there may be some sort of "extender" similar to how we got 32-bit programs to run in DOS. Thanks!
Rich S.

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Biggles Lamb wrote:
Chill out guys, getting personal will never ever change another persons view, right or wrong, they are entitled to them .
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64-bit Technical Question from Apple Insider

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