A simple question about parameters to functions

Question

hello,
Passing parameters between functions in java suppose to be "by reference".
I have a simple test case that it doesn't work.
I'll be happy if someone will tell me what is wrong:
public class Test
String text ;
public static void main(String[] args)
Test test = new Test();
test.poo() ;
public void poo ()
text=new String(" bbb") ;
foo (text) ;
System.out.println ("final text= " +text) ;
private void foo(String text)
System.out.println ("text before update= " +text) ;
text="aaa" ;
System.out.println ("text after update= " +text) ;
The output here is:
text before update= bbb
text after update= aaa
final text= bbb
How can you explain that?
thank you,
Moran

Answer 1

> Passing parameters between functions in java suppose to be "by reference".
Nope. First, we call them "methods" rather than "functions". Second, everything in Java is passed "by value". Everything.
Pass-by-value
- When an argument is passed to a function, the invoked function gets a copy of the original value.
- The local variable inside the method declaration is not connected to the caller's argument; any changes made to the values of the local variables inside the body of the method will have no effect on the values of the arguments in the method call.
- If the copied value in the local variable happens to be a reference (or "pointer") to an object, the variable can be used to modify the object to which the reference points.
Some people will say incorrectly that objects are passed "by reference." In programming language design, the term [i]pass by reference properly means that when an argument is passed to a function, the invoked function gets a reference to the original value, not a copy of its value. If the function modifies its parameter, the value in the calling code will be changed because the argument and parameter use the same slot in memory.... The Java programming language does not pass objects by reference; it passes object references by value. Because two copies of the same reference refer to the same actual object, changes made through one reference variable are visible through the other. There is exactly one parameter passing mode -- pass by value -- and that helps keep things simple.
-- James Gosling, et al., The Java Programming Language, 4th Edition