ABAP Object (Up cast, Down Cast)
Someone should let me know.
Version 4.70 Enterprise was as follows.
" Up Cast (Narrowing-Cast)
superclass = subclass.
" Down Cast (Widening-Cast)
subclass ?= superclass.
It is why the help of F1 is changed as follows from the version ECC 6.0.
(Widening-Cast and Narrowing-Cast became reverse.)
" Up Cast (Widening-Cast)
superclass = subclass.
" Down Cast (Narrowing-Cast)
subclass ?= superclass.
Hello Tayori,
You are referring to the link: [ABAP Objects: Narrowing Cast (Upcasting) |http://help-abap.blogspot.com/2008/09/abap-objects-narrowing-cast-upcasting.html], than you must have read the discussion between me and Christian.
I am not clear why SAP has changed the definition.
I am on ECC 5.0 and in my F1 defintion it says Narrowing Cast = Upcasting.
It is better not to use Upcasting or Downcasting terms, as they are with the reference of the your view of Inheritence Tree. So, we can stick to the standard terms like Narrowing and Widening Cast.
Narrowing: "More Specific view of an object" to "less specific view".
Like: BMW to CAR
Widening: "Less Specific View of an ojbect" to "More Specific view"
Like: CAR to BMW
Regards,
Naimesh Patel
Similar Messages
-
How important it is to understand Concept of Narrow & Wide casting in ABAP Objects
Hi Friends,
I Understood that, it is very important to understand the concept of "Casting ( Narrow Casting & Wide Casting )" properly.
Let us see the following cases where the concept of "Casting ( Narrow Casting & Wide Casting )" comes into the picture in various practices of Abap, Webdynpro abap and FPM.
1. ABAP:-
When we are working with RTTS in abap it is very much important we must know the Casting Techniques. Without knowledge of the Casting of objects, there will be a lot of trouble we may faces.
Mainly RTTS offers Runtime Type Services, means RTTS Programming enables us to find the type of the particular data obejct or data type or data reference in the run time.
RTTS also enables us to create the data in the run time very dynamically.
So, in the run time when we finding the type of the data objects or creation of data objects in the run time, We must do the Wide casting and Narrow casting also some times on the references provided by SAP Dynamically.
So, here we go to have knowledge on Casting is mandatory.
2. WEBDYNPRO ABAP:-
The another point where the concept of casting comes into picture is , When we working with the ALV Reports and Dynamic programming of WEBDYNPRO. Here also we should posses good casting skills.
3. FPM:-
The major use of casting comes in hand is none other than FPM. When we working with certain Floor Plans or when we woking with Feeder Class concept of FPM, Casting comes into picture again.
Along with Casting ( Narrow casting & Wide casting ), We must have the knowledge of 'Field Symbols' and 'Data References (known & Unknown)' to work with our all complex scenarios of Webdynpro and FPM and all.
So guys, please have Knowledge on the following, befor you master on advanced techniques of WEBDYNPRO and FPM etc.
1. Field Symbols
2. Data References (known & unknown)
3. Casting (Narrow casting & Wide casting)
4. Brief Idea about RTTS
All the above 4 concepts will definitely make our life easy when dig more into WEBDYNPRO ABAP and FPM.
Thank You.
Please share your comments on the same.Hi Shankar,
It's really good to know.
It could be great if you can share few technicalities for the concepts explained.
Regards,
Rafi -
Object casting: confusion in ABAP Objects: Complete Reference book
Hi,
During Object Assignments using casting, is a Type Test carried out during the syntax check or at runtime?
A.5.2.2 (page 1008) of 'ABAP Objects: The Complete Reference' says about Widening Cast: "...you must check at runtime...". However on the next page under A.5.3.2 it says of Widening Cast in Data References: "The syntax check precludes...".
A.5.4 (page 1010) concerns Assignments between Object Reference Variables, but makes no mention of whether checks are carried out by a syntax check or at runtime.
Also nowhere does it mention when Type Tests for Narrow casting takes place. Can anyone clear my confusion please? Unfortunatly I don't know enough about this stuff to test by writing some code.
Thanks.William,
Your questions can be answered by the following rule for object references, which I found in the book "ABAP Objects" by Horst Keller and Sascha Krüger:
"... that the static type of the target variable must be equal to or more general than the dynamic type of the source variable."
Here "static type" means the type with which an object reference variable is declared. "Dynamic type" is the type that the object reference variable has at runtime. The dynamic type of an object reference is always more special than its static type, otherwise a runtime error occurs.
With this rule all your questions can be answered:
1. The Narrowing Cast is always checked during the syntax check. Example:
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref1 = o_ref2.
Here the reference o_ref2 has a dynamic type "class_1" or a subclass of it, which is narrower than its static type "class_1", which is narrower than the static type "object" of the reference o_ref1. Therefore, the syntax check says that the assignment is OK.
2. The Widening Cast is always checked at runtime and requires an assignment using the operator ?=. If you use the operator = in the assignment, a syntax error occurs. Therefore the following example produces a syntax error (try it yourself):
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref2 = o_ref1.
The correction for this syntax error is:
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref2 ?= o_ref1.
Now the syntax check is satified, and the correctness of the widening cast is checked at runtime.
Kind regards,
Michael Kraemer
Message was edited by: Michael Kraemer -
Is down casting possible in Java objects(reference variables)?
I hope, Java up casting and down casting is possible in Java primitive variables like int float and so on.
My doubt is,Does in object of Java(reference variables) support down casting?makpandian wrote:
the ques i asked here is popped from my mind.We know that.
But i did not get answer .Because you didn't do any research.
Than s why i ask this here..That's the wrong approach. Do some research first. Use google, a textbook, a tutorial, the JLS, write some code, etc. etc.
After spending time and effort doing that, if you still have questions, indicate clearly what you read and what part you didn't understand. The way you're doing it is NOT an effective way to learn, and it's a waste of everyone's time. -
Why the cast error generates only in Widening cast?
Hi Shyam,
WELCOME TO SDN!!!
Please check this link
http://abapprogramming.blogspot.com/2007/10/oops-abap-8.html
The widening cast in this case does not cause an error because the reference airplane actually points to an instance in the subclass lcl_cargo_airplane. The dynamic type is therefore u2018REF TO lcl_cargo_airplaneu2019.
Here the widening cast produces the MOVE_CAST_ERROR runtime error that can be caught with u201CCATCH ... ENDCATCHu201D, because the airplane reference does not point to an instance in the subclass lcl_cargo_airplane, but to a u201Cgeneral airplane objectu201D. Its dynamic type is therefore u2018REF TO lcl_airplaneu2019 and does not correspond to the reference type cargo_airplane.
The widening cast logically represents the opposite of the narrowing cast. The widening cast cannot be checked statically, only at runtime. The Cast Operator u201C?=u201D (or the equivalent u201CMOVE ... ?TO u2026u201D) must be used to make this visible.
With this kind of cast, a check is carried out at runtime to ensure that the current content of the source variable corresponds to the type requirements of the target variables. In this case therefore, it checks that the dynamic type of the source reference airplane is compatible with the static type of the target reference cargo_airplane. If it is, the assignment is carried out. Otherwise the catchable runtime error u201CMOVE_CAST_ERRORu201D occurs, and the original value of the target variable remains the same.
Best regards,
raam -
Inhiterance:unknow down-cast exception.Access a private attrib.from subclas
Hi guys,
I need your help.
Many examples, shows that i can create a sub-class inheriting from a super-class, add methods and attributes, make something like : <subclass variable> ?= <superclass instance> and then call method of the subclass (that are able to access to protect data of superclass instance for example).
But when i try to do the same with a class derived from cl_gui_alv_grid, i have always a casting type exception in the down-cast instruction.
Example :
field-symbols: <outtab> type standard table.
data : gos_alv type ref to cl_gui_alv_grid.
* CLASS lcl_gui_alv_grid DEFINITION
class lcl_gui_alv_grid definition inheriting from cl_gui_alv_grid.
public section.
methods : get_tab_line.
endclass. "lcl_gui_alv_grid DEFINITION
* CLASS lcl_gui_alv_grid IMPLEMENTATION
class lcl_gui_alv_grid implementation.
method get_tab_line.
* mt_outtab is the data table held as a protected attribute
* in class cl_gui_alv_grid.
assign me->mt_outtab->* to <outtab>. "Original data
endmethod. "get_tab_line
endclass. "lcl_gui_alv_grid IMPLEMENTATION
data : l_alv type ref to lcl_gui_alv_grid.
But when i do a downcast like this (gos_alv was already created with "create object" istruction):
l_alv ?= gos_alv.
I have an exception of casting error. I cannot understand why and how to solve the problem.
Thank you very much for your collaboration.
AndreaHi Andrea,
I suggest you to tweak a code a litte bit as I guess the point is to get mt_outtab table, right?
CLASS lcl_gui_alv_grid DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_gui_alv_grid.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS get_tab_line IMPORTING o_alv TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_grid. "declare method as static one
ENDCLASS.
CLASS lcl_gui_alv_grid IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_tab_line.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <outtab> TYPE STANDARD TABLE.
assign me->mt_outtab->* to <outtab>.
"your desired coding here
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Now all you need to do is to call static method get_tab_line providing your actual alv reference
data : gos_alv type ref to cl_gui_alv_grid.
CREATE OBJECT gos_alv ....
lcl_gui_alv_grid=>get_tab_line( gos_alv ).
As for your question, why this code
l_alv ?= gos_alv.
triggeres an exception cx_sy_move_cast_error .
If you use this coding
TRY.
l_alv ?= gos_alv.
CATCH.
cx_sy_move_cast_error
"system will end up here
ENDTRY.
...you would prevent the system to dump out, but the exception will be triggered anyway. You will just catch it.
The problem arises simply from fact that down cast checks wheterer these two reference variables l_alv and gos_alv are on the same level. This is why you put there question mark ? asking the system if gos_alv in fact contains appropriate reference. You can only evaluate it during program execution.
When it comes to down cast always image such situation.
You have VEHICLE class (your cl_gui_alv_grid ). The class which inherits from it is PLANE (your lcl_gui_alv_grid). Now you can always do such assingnment
VEHICLE = PLANE (cl_gui_alv_grid = lcl_gui_alv_grid) "up cast - narrow cast
but you never can do this
PLANE = VEHICLE (lcl_gui_alv_grid = cl_gui_alv_grid) "down cast
It is becasue plane is always a vehicle, but vehicle doesn't have to be a plain. It can be either a truck, ship or a plane.
Therefore for down cast you always has to ask system if VEHICLE really contains (during exection) reference to a PLANE. That's why you write it like
PLANE ?= VEHICLE (lcl_gui_alv_grid ?= cl_gui_alv_grid)
The system checks then if vehicle really contains plane reference inside.
Thought it might be not useful for first sight, it is a basis of polimorphism, but it is a talk for another time;)
Regards
Marcin -
ABAP objects, drilling down into methods/parameter/method/parameter...
Hello all,
When creating or changing purchase orders using the enjoy transactions ME21N and ME22N, I want to force the users to have the same delivery address on every line item. I have found and activated the BADI ME_PROCESS_PO_CUST. I have added some code in method CHECK and put a breakpoint on that code. The transaction is stopping on my breakpoint. So far so good.
Parameter IM_HEADER is of type IF_PURCHASE_ORDER_MM,
that has method GET_ITEMS,
that has parameter RE_ITEMS that is a table of of type PURCHASE_ORDER_ITEMS,
method GET_DATA
with parameter RE_DATA
with fields ADRNR & ADRN2
From inside of the method CHECK of BADI, what syntax do I need to create an internal table of the line item fields that are in parameter RE_DATA of method GET_DATA? I am just starting to work with ABAP objects. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks
BruceUwe, thanks for the quick response.
Your solution,
DATA: lt_items TYPE purchase_order_items,
ls_item TYPE purchase_order_item.
CALL METHOD im_header->get_items
receiving
re_items = lt_items.
Short version:
lt_items = im_header->get_items( ).
LOOP AT lt_items INTO ls_item.
do something
ENDLOOP.
got me very close to the solution. The table lt_items contain the number of entries corresponding to the actual line items. But the data element ls_item does not contain the fields I'm expecting from:
method GET_DATA ,
parameter RE_DATA,
type MEPOITEM.
How do I populate ls_item with the 197 fields from structure MEPOITEM?
If I knew more about ABAP objects, I'm sure I could easily change the code myself. But today, I need the generosity of others to help me solve this.
Thanks
Bruce -
ABAP Objects and table processing (with logical databases)
I have a report that is written right now using procedural abap and a logical database. The report is structured follows (high level):
start-of-selection.
get pernr.
perform get_it0001 using wtab.
perform get_it0002 using wtab.
perform get_it0003 using wtab.
append wtab to itab.
end-of-selection.
call function 'reuse_alv_grid_display'
exporting
i_structure_name = 'itabstructure'
tables
t_outtab = itab.
So basically I'm going through a bunch of personnel numbers, getting a few infotypes and outputting to ALV. I don't see where ABAP Objects is going to help me for this particular program.
Can somebody show me where OO ABAP would make this easier? Does it even make sense to use OO when you're processing with a logical database? (Not just PNP, but any logical database in general).
Thanks in advance.Hello Lee
I assume that the routines GET_ITnnnn are written by yourself. For reading infotypes ABAP Objects provides us with same very helpful classes as shown below:
* define data
DATA:
gif_employee type ref to if_pt_employee,
go_employee type ref to cl_pt_employee,
gt_infotypes TYPE tim_tmw_itlist_tab,
go_control TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_control,
go_data TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_base,
go_pnnnn TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_itnnnn,
gt_p0001 TYPE TIM_P0001_TAB,
gt_p0002 TYPE TIM_P0002_TAB,
gt_p0003 TYPE TIM_P0003_TAB.
start-of-selection.
GET pernr.
<b>* Create employee instance</b>
gif_employee = cl_pt_employee=>get_employee( pernr ).
go_employee ?= gif_employee.
<b>* Get master infotypes (0001, 0002)</b>
CALL METHOD go_employee->get_master_data
EXPORTING
im_begda = id_fromdate
im_endda = id_todate
IMPORTING
* EX_I0000 =
EX_I0001 = gt_p0001
EX_I0002 = gt_p0002
* EX_I0007 =
* EX_I0008 =
<b>* Append all other required infotypes to itab</b>
APPEND '0003' TO gt_infotypes.
CALL METHOD go_employee->get_infotypes
EXPORTING
i_itlist = gt_infotypes
i_fromdate = id_fromdate " start date
i_todate = id_todate " end date
* I_FILTER =
i_noauthcheck = 'X'
IMPORTING
e_result = gt_infty_request
e_retcd = gd_retcd.
* Please see documentation of parameter e_retcd...
LOOP AT gt_infty_request INTO go_control.
go_data = go_control->data. <b>" get data object</b>
* Casting
TRY.
go_pnnnn ?= go_data.
CATCH cx_sy_move_cast_error.
CONTINUE.
ENDTRY.
<b>* Convert infotype (semi-transparent -> transparent)</b>
CALL METHOD cl_hr_pnnnn_type_cast=>prelp_to_pnnnn
EXPORTING
prelp = lo_pnnnn->prelp
IMPORTING
pnnnn = gs_p0003.
APPEND gs_p0027 TO gt_p0003.
ENDLOOP.
The class CL_PT_EMPLOYEE provides us already with very easy access to so-called master infotypes (000, 0001, 0002, 0007 and 0008). All other infotypes can be read using method GET_INFOTYPES.
Using these classes we have a very convenient and standardized way of accessing all kinds of infotypes.
Regards
Uwe -
Help In ABAP Object Certification Question
Hi ABAP Gurus,
iam going to write certification Exam on Nov 11. i have got some model question from SAP domain for all the topics Except ABAP Objects which is so important...
Please anybody send me some Example question you guys got from the Certification Exam
it will be be grateful to me...
Thanks a lot in advance.
Prabhu
SAP Lead ConsultantHi,
Sending ABAP Objects questions is not an option but normally, your concepts are tested for:
- Classes and objects
- Inheritance
- Casting
- Interfaces
- Events
- Global classes and interfaces
- Exception handling
- Dynamic programming
You can use help.sap.com to take a look at these topics one by one. Hope this helps.
Good luck. -
Hi Experts.
Plz give me some details for the following questions.
1. what is abstract class.
2. give me some example program using inheritance.
3. Some sample programs using events.
4. Narrow casting & wide casting.. And describe the use of it.
5. How to declare internal table in ABAP OOPS.
6. What is the use of table type.?
7. What is instance.?
8. Explain friend class.
Thank in advance.
Points will be given for the answers.
regards,
J.JoeHI
<b>1. what is abstract class.</b>
Abstract classes are normally used as an incomplete blueprint for concrete (that is, non-abstract) subclasses, for example to define a uniform interface.
Classes with at least one abstract method are themselves abstract.
Static methods and constructors cannot be abstract.
You can specify the class of the instance to be created explicitly: CREATE OBJECT <RefToAbstractClass> TYPE <NonAbstractSubclassName>.
Abstarct classes themselves cant be instantiated ( althrough their subclasses can)
Reference to abstract classes can refer to instance of subclass
Abstract (instance) methods are difined in the class , but not implemented
They must be redefined in subclasses
CLASS LC1 DEFINAITION ABSTARCT
PUBLIC SECTION
METHODS ESTIMATE ABSTARCT IMPORTING
ENDCLASS.
<b>2. give me some example program using inheritance.</b>
The following simple example shows the principle of inheritance within ABAP Objects. It is based on the Simple Introduction to Classes. A new class counter_ten inherits from the existing class counter.
REPORT demo_inheritance.
CLASS counter DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: set IMPORTING value(set_value) TYPE i,
increment,
get EXPORTING value(get_value) TYPE i.
PROTECTED SECTION .
DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD set.
count = set_value.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD increment.
ADD 1 TO count.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get.
get_value = count.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten DEFINITION INHERITING FROM counter.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS increment REDEFINITION .
DATA count_ten.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD increment.
DATA modulo TYPE I.
CALL METHOD super->increment .
write / count.
modulo = count mod 10.
IF modulo = 0.
count_ten = count_ten + 1.
write count_ten.
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter,
number TYPE i VALUE 5.
START-OF-SELECTION.
CREATE OBJECT count TYPE counter_ten .
CALL METHOD count->set EXPORTING set_value = number.
DO 20 TIMES.
CALL METHOD count->increment.
ENDDO.
The class COUNTER_TEN is derived from COUNTER. It redefines the method INCREMENT. To do this, you must change the visibility of the COUNT attribute from PRIVATE to PROTECTED. The redefined method calls the obscured method of the superclass using the pseudoreference SUPER->. The redefined method is a specialization of the inherited method.
The example instantiates the subclass. The reference variable pointing to it has the type of the superclass. When the INCREMENT method is called using the superclass reference, the system executes the redefined method from the subclass.
<b>3. Some sample programs using events.</b>
Events in ABAP Objects - Example
The following example shows how to declare, call, and handle events in ABAP Objects.
Overview
This object works with the interactive list displayed below. Each user interaction triggers an event in ABAP Objects. The list and its data is created in the class C_LIST. There is a class STATUS for processing user actions. It triggers an event BUTTON_CLICKED in the AT USER-COMMAND event. The event is handled in the class C_LIST. It contains an object of the class C_SHIP or C_TRUCK for each line of the list. Both of these classes implement the interface I_VEHICLE. Whenever the speed of one of these objects changes, the event SPEED_CHANGE is triggered. The class C_LIST reacts to this and updates the list.
Constraints
The ABAP statements used for list processing are not yet fully available in ABAP Objects. However, to produce a simple test output, you can use the following statements:
WRITE [AT] /<offset>(<length>) <f>
ULINE
SKIP
NEW-LINE
Note: The behavior of formatting and interactive list functions in their current state are not guaranteed. Incompatible changes could occur in a future release.
Declarations
This example is implemented using local interfaces and classes. Below are the declarations of the interfaces and classes:
Interface and Class declarations
INTERFACE I_VEHICLE.
DATA MAX_SPEED TYPE I.
EVENTS SPEED_CHANGE EXPORTING VALUE(NEW_SPEED) TYPE I.
METHODS: DRIVE,
STOP.
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS C_SHIP DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR.
INTERFACES I_VEHICLE.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ALIASES MAX FOR I_VEHICLE~MAX_SPEED.
DATA SHIP_SPEED TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_TRUCK DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR.
INTERFACES I_VEHICLE.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ALIASES MAX FOR I_VEHICLE~MAX_SPEED.
DATA TRUCK_SPEED TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS STATUS DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-EVENTS BUTTON_CLICKED EXPORTING VALUE(FCODE) LIKE SY-UCOMM.
CLASS-METHODS: CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR,
USER_ACTION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_LIST DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: FCODE_HANDLER FOR EVENT BUTTON_CLICKED OF STATUS
IMPORTING FCODE,
LIST_CHANGE FOR EVENT SPEED_CHANGE OF I_VEHICLE
IMPORTING NEW_SPEED,
LIST_OUTPUT.
PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA: ID TYPE I,
REF_SHIP TYPE REF TO C_SHIP,
REF_TRUCK TYPE REF TO C_TRUCK,
BEGIN OF LINE,
ID TYPE I,
FLAG,
IREF TYPE REF TO I_VEHICLE,
SPEED TYPE I,
END OF LINE,
LIST LIKE SORTED TABLE OF LINE WITH UNIQUE KEY ID.
ENDCLASS.
The following events are declared in the example:
The instance event SPEED_CHANGE in the interface I_VEHICLE
The static event BUTTON_CLICKED in the class STATUS.
The class C_LIST contains event handler methods for both events.
Note that the class STATUS does not have any attributes, and therefore only works with static methods and events.
Implementations
Below are the implementations of the methods of the above classes:
Implementations
CLASS C_SHIP IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
MAX = 30.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~DRIVE.
CHECK SHIP_SPEED < MAX.
SHIP_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED + 10.
RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~STOP.
CHECK SHIP_SPEED > 0.
SHIP_SPEED = 0.
RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_TRUCK IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
MAX = 150.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~DRIVE.
CHECK TRUCK_SPEED < MAX.
TRUCK_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED + 50.
RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~STOP.
CHECK TRUCK_SPEED > 0.
TRUCK_SPEED = 0.
RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS STATUS IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
SET PF-STATUS 'VEHICLE'.
WRITE 'Click a button!'.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD USER_ACTION.
RAISE EVENT BUTTON_CLICKED EXPORTING FCODE = SY-UCOMM.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_LIST IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD FCODE_HANDLER .
CLEAR LINE.
CASE FCODE.
WHEN 'CREA_SHIP'.
ID = ID + 1.
CREATE OBJECT REF_SHIP.
LINE-ID = ID.
LINE-FLAG = 'C'.
LINE-IREF = REF_SHIP.
APPEND LINE TO LIST.
WHEN 'CREA_TRUCK'.
ID = ID + 1.
CREATE OBJECT REF_TRUCK.
LINE-ID = ID.
LINE-FLAG = 'T'.
LINE-IREF = REF_TRUCK.
APPEND LINE TO LIST.
WHEN 'DRIVE'.
CHECK SY-LILLI > 0.
READ TABLE LIST INDEX SY-LILLI INTO LINE.
CALL METHOD LINE-IREF->DRIVE.
WHEN 'STOP'.
LOOP AT LIST INTO LINE.
CALL METHOD LINE-IREF->STOP.
ENDLOOP.
WHEN 'CANCEL'.
LEAVE PROGRAM.
ENDCASE.
CALL METHOD LIST_OUTPUT.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD LIST_CHANGE .
LINE-SPEED = NEW_SPEED.
MODIFY TABLE LIST FROM LINE.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD LIST_OUTPUT.
SY-LSIND = 0.
SET TITLEBAR 'TIT'.
LOOP AT LIST INTO LINE.
IF LINE-FLAG = 'C'.
WRITE / ICON_WS_SHIP AS ICON.
ELSEIF LINE-FLAG = 'T'.
WRITE / ICON_WS_TRUCK AS ICON.
ENDIF.
WRITE: 'Speed = ', LINE-SPEED.
ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
The static method USER_ACTION of the class STATUS triggers the static event BUTTON_CLICKED. The instance methods I_VEHICLEDRIVE and I_VEHICLESTOP trigger the instance event I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE in the classes C_SHIP and C_TRUCK.
Using the Classes in a Program
The following program uses the above classes:
REPORT OO_EVENTS_DEMO NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
Global data of program
DATA LIST TYPE REF TO C_LIST.
Program events
START-OF-SELECTION.
CREATE OBJECT LIST.
SET HANDLER: LIST->FCODE_HANDLER,
LIST->LIST_CHANGE FOR ALL INSTANCES.
AT USER-COMMAND.
CALL METHOD STATUS=>USER_ACTION.
The program creates an object of the class C_LIST and registers the event handler method FCODE_HANDLER of the object for the class event BUTTON_CLICKED, and the event handler method LIST_CHANGE for the event SPEED_CHANGE of all instances that implement the interface I_VEHICLE.
<b>4. Narrow casting & wide casting.. And describe the use of it.</b>
<b>Narrowing Cast</b>
The assignment of a subclass instance to a reference variable of the type "reference to superclass" is described as a narrowing cast, because you are switching from a more detailed view to a one with less detail.
Description up-cast is also used.
<b>use</b>
A user who is not interested in the finer points of cars, trucks, and busses (but only, for example, in the fuel consumption and tank gauge) does not need to know about them. This user only wants and needs to work with (references to) the lcl_vehicle class. However, in order to allow the user to work with cars, busses, or trucks, you generally need a narrowing cast.
<b>Widening cast</b>
The widening cast logically represents the opposite of the narrowing cast. The widening cast cannot be checked statically, only at runtime. The Cast Operator ?= (or the equivalent MOVE ... ?TO ) must be used to make this visible.
It changes from a less detailed view to one with more detail.
<b>use</b>
The client, the car rental company wants to execute a function for specific vehicles form the list (vehicle_list). For example, the client wants to ascertain the truck with the largest cargo capacity. However, not all vehicles are in the trucks list, it also includes references to cars and busses.
<b>5. How to declare internal table in ABAP OOPS.</b>
BEGIN OF LINE,
ID TYPE I,
FLAG,
IREF TYPE REF TO I_VEHICLE,
SPEED TYPE I,
END OF LINE,
<b>6. What is the use of table type.?</b>
Please check the SAP help , as all these things are provided in detail in it .
In case you find it difficult to find it or search for it here is the link
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/90/8d7304b1af11d194f600a0c929b3c3/frameset.htm
<b>7. What is instance.?</b>
Instance methods are called using CALL METHOD <reference>-><instance_method>.
Static methods (also referred to as class methods) are called using CALL METHOD <classname>=><class_method>.
If you are calling a static method from within the class, you can omit the class name.
You access instance attributes using <instance>-><instance_attribute>
<b>8. Explain friend class.</b>
In rare cases, classes have to work together so closely that they need access to their protected and private components. To avoid making these components available to all users, there is the concept of friendship between classes.
To do this you use the FRIENDS additions to the CLASS statement, in which all classes and interfaces that are to be provided friendship are listed
In principle, providing friendship is one-sided: A class providing friendship is not automatically a friend of its friends. If a class providing friendship wants to access the non-public components of a friend, this friend has to explicitly provide friendship to it.
Classes that inherit from friends and interfaces that contain a friend as a component interface also become friends. However, providing friendship, unlike the attribute of being a friend, is not inherited. A friend of a superclass is therefore not automatically a friend of its subclasses.
<b>Reward if usefull</b> -
Passing a program defined internal table to an abap object
Hi. I have an internal table that was previously defined and created by SAP that I need to process in a user exit. The table is defined exactly as shown below.
Is it possible to pass a table that was defined in this manner (not in the ABAP dictionary) as an argument to a method of an ABAP object?
If so, what would the data type of the itab parameter have to be when defining the object's method parameter list? Is it necessary to somehow "cast it" to the KNA1 table type once I receive the table into the method? If so, what is the data type of the object's receiving variable/attribute?
data: begin of lkna1 occurs 0001.
include structure kna1 .
data:
end of lkna1 .
Just as one additional piece of information, I am using version 4.5B and I am trying to do this through se24.
Thanks so much!Hi again,
<b>This kind of simple approach,
we can pass ANY KIND OF TABLE
WITHOUT HAVING TO DEFINE
LINE TYPE IN SE11.</b>
1. doing this simply u will achieve what u want.
( i just tried the same)
2. in se24,
give like this
ITAB Importing Type <b>STANDARD TABLE</b>
3. in the calling program,
call like this,
report abc.
data: begin of lkna1 occurs 0001.
include structure kna1.
data: end of lkna1.
data: testobj type ref to zsdtest.
select * from kna1
into table lkna1.
lkna1-kunnr = '000234'.
create object testobj.
<b>call method testobj->testreceive
exporting itab = lkna1[].</b>
4.
then in the class, source code,
just use like this
(so that u can accesss the fields of the itab,
using myitab)
<b>method TESTRECEIVE .
data : myitab type table of kna1.
myitab[] = itab[].
break-point.
endmethod.</b>
5. thats all !
regards,
amit m. -
using abap objects and alv There should be push button (Switch drill down button) at the top of the report. While pressing Switch drill down button it should display a popup window like
material
material gorup
plant
For example if a material group is selected, the report should be displayed with respect to material group.
For example if it is Plant, the report should be displayed with respect to Plant.
Standard Drill down should be first with respect to material it should be displayed after clicking it with respect to vendor it should be displayed after that w.r.t month.
There should be push button ( topno button) at the top of the report.
you have to choose a key figure field and press topno.if PO value is chosen and if you press topno and give value as 3,the top three po value should be displayed.
Totals for Po value, order quantity and GR quantity should be displayed..
please, can anybody send me the code for above criteria immediatly.Go through the Standard programs.. BCALV_GRID_*
BCALV_GRID_05 suits ur req.
Regards
Bhavani -
Disable/Grey out a row in ABAP Objects
HI,
I have a reqmt where in which in the report -
when check box display BOM is checked only BOM components needs to be displayed in the output but should not allow user to select the row and make changes by pressing anybutton.
The display rows should get greyed out. How to achieve this functionality thru ABAP objects.
ThanksHi Namit,
Open the particular page , and select dynamic navigation (from the right hand side corner Display drop down menu ) .
U will get all the links which r there in the detailed navigation.
and uncheck the visible property .
Surekha. -
Parallel processing using ABAP objects
Hello friends,
I had posted in the performance tuning forum , regarding a performance issue problem , I am reposting it as it involves OO concept .
the link for the previous posting
Link: [Independent processing of elements inside internal table;
Here is the scenario,
I have a internal table with 10 records(indepentent) , and i need to process them .The processing of one record doesnt have any influence on the another . When we go for loop , the performance issue is that , the 10 th record has to wait until the 9 records get processed even though there is no dependency on the output.
Could some one tell a way out to improve the performance..
If i am not clear with the question , i would explain it still clearer...
A internal table has 5 numbers , say( 1,3,4,6,7)
we are trying to find square of each number ,,,
If it is a loop the finding of suare of 7 has to wait until 6 is getting completed and it is waste of time ...
This is related to parallel processing , I have refered to parallel processing documents,But I want to do this conceptually ..
I am not using conventional procedural paradigm but Object orientedness...I am having a method which is performing this action .What am I supposed to do in that regard.
Comradely ,
K.SibiHi,
As examplified by Edward, there is no RFC/asynchronous support for Methods of ABAP Objects as such. You would indeed need to "wrap" your method or ABAP Object in a Function Module, that you can then call with the addition "STARTING NEW TASK". Optionally, you can define a Method that will process the results of the Function Module that is executed asynchronously, as demonstrated as well in Edward's program.
You do need some additional code to avoid the situation where your program takes all the available resources on the Application Server. Theoretically, you cannot bring the server or system down, as there is a system profile parameter that determines the maximum number of asynchronous tasks that the system will allow. However, in a productive environment, it would be a good idea to limit the number of asynchronous tasks started from your program so that other programs can use some as well.
Function Group SPBT contains a set of Function Modules to manage parallel processing. In particular, FM SPBT_INITIALIZE will "initialize" a Server Group and return the maximum number of Parallel Tasks, as well as the number of free ones at the time of the initialization. The other FM of interest is SPBT_GET_CURR_RESOURCE_INFO, that can be called after the Server Group has been initialized, whenever you want to "fork" a new asynchronous task. This FM will give you the number of free tasks available for Parallel Processing at the time of calling the Function Module.
Below is a code snippet showing how these Function Modules could be used, so that your program always leaves a minimum of 2 tasks for Parallel Processing, that will be available for other programs in the system.
IF md_parallel IS NOT INITIAL.
IF md_parallel_init IS INITIAL.
*----- Server Group not initialized yet => Initialize it, and get the number of tasks available
CALL FUNCTION 'SPBT_INITIALIZE'
EXPORTING
GROUP_NAME = ' '
IMPORTING
max_pbt_wps = ld_max_tasks
free_pbt_wps = ld_free_tasks
EXCEPTIONS
invalid_group_name = 1
internal_error = 2
pbt_env_already_initialized = 3
currently_no_resources_avail = 4
no_pbt_resources_found = 5
cant_init_different_pbt_groups = 6
OTHERS = 7.
md_parallel_init = 'X'.
ELSE.
*----- Server Group initialized => check how many free tasks are available in the Server Group
for parallel processing
CALL FUNCTION 'SPBT_GET_CURR_RESOURCE_INFO'
IMPORTING
max_pbt_wps = ld_max_tasks
free_pbt_wps = ld_free_tasks
EXCEPTIONS
internal_error = 1
pbt_env_not_initialized_yet = 2
OTHERS = 3.
ENDIF.
IF ld_free_tasks GE 2.
*----- We have at leasr 2 remaining available tasks => reserve one
ld_taskid = ld_taskid + 1.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
You may also need to program a WAIT statement, to wait until all asynchronous tasks "forked" from your program have completed their processing. Otherwise, you might find yourself in the situation where your main program has finished its processing, but some of the asynchronous tasks that it started are still running. If you do not need to report on the results of these asynchronous tasks, then that is not an issue. But, if you need to report on the success/failure of the processing performed by the asynchronous tasks, you would most likely report incomplete results in your program.
In the example where you have 10 entries to process asynchronously in an internal table, if you do not WAIT until all asynchronous tasks have completed, your program might report success/failure for only 8 of the 10 entries, because your program has completed before the asynchronous tasks for entries 9 and 10 in your internal table.
Given the complexity of Parallel Processing, you would only consider it in a customer program for situations where you have many (ie, thousands, if not tens of thousands) records to process, that the processing for each record tends to take a long time (like creating a Sales Order or Material via BAPI calls), and that you have a limited time window to process all of these records.
Well, whatever your decision is, good luck. -
Looking for an ABAP Objects e-learning course
Does anyone know of any abap objects e-learning courses that are available? I checked with sap university, and they only offer the BC 401 customer course. I'm looking for a course for beginners. I found an advanced course that has been recoreded in Germany, but it is an advanced course for developers with experience in abap objects. Thanks! Allison McCloskey
Some documentation related with OOPs Abao :
ALV Gird Control (BC-SRV-ALE)
SAP Container
SAP Control Framework
or Thread New To OOPs ABAP
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/abap%20objects/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20learn%20basic%20concept%20of%20object-oriented%20programming.doc
General Tutorial for OOPS
check all the below links
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
Check these links.
http://www.henrikfrank.dk/abapuk.html
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/abap%20objects/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20learn%20basic%20concept%20of%20object-oriented%20programming.doc
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/webas/abap/abap%20code%20samples/alv%20grid/abap%20code%20sample%20to%20display%20data%20in%20alv%20grid%20using%20object%20oriented%20programming.doc
Go through the below links,
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
OO ABAP links:
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
go through these links
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/index.htm
http://sic.fh-lu.de/sic/bic.nsf/(vJobangebote)/EC8AD2AE0349CE92C12572200026FDB8/$File/Intern%20or%20Working%20Student%20as%20ABAB%20OO%20Developer.pdf?Open
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/43/41341147041806e10000000a1553f6/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_0 Template for Solutions of ABAP Object Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_1 Model Solution 1: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_2 Model Solution 2: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_3 Model Solution 3: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_4 Model Solution 4: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
ABAP_OBJECTS_ENJOY_5 Model Solution 5: ABAP Objects Enjoy Course
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS Complete Demonstration for ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_CONTROLS GUI Controls on Screen
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_EVENTS Demonstration of Events in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_GENERAL ABAP Objects Demonstration
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_INTERFACES Demonstration of Interfaces in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_METHODS Demonstration of Methods in ABAP Objects
DEMO_ABAP_OBJECTS_SPLIT_SCREEN Splitter Control on Screen
check the below links lot of info and examples r there
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
ALVOOPS
http://www.abap4.it/download/ALV.pdf
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/go/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/e8a1d690-0201-0010-b7ad-d9719a415907
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
OOPS with ABAP
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/pages/viewpage.action&pageid=37566
/people/rich.heilman2/blog/2005/07/27/dynamic-internal-tables-and-structures--abap
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
For understanding COntrol Frameworks in OO ABAP, check this.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
ALVOOPS
http://www.erpgenie.com/abap/controls/alvgrid.htm
OOPS with ABAP
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/pages/viewpage.action&pageid=37566
/people/rich.heilman2/blog/2005/07/27/dynamic-internal-tables-and-structures--abap
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
For understanding COntrol Frameworks in OO ABAP, check this.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com.
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
Regarding ALV Grid Control using OOPs concepts
Regarding ALV Grid Control using OOPs concepts
OOPS OO ABAP
http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
DIRLL DOWN AND INTERACTIVE REPORT
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-drilldown-report-and-interactive-report.htm
PAGE BREAK FOR ALV LIST
check out this link
http://www.abap4.it/download/ALV.pdf
good book on ABAP objects(OOPS)
http://www.esnips.com/doc/bc475662-82d6-4412-9083-28a7e7f1ce09/Abap-Objects---An-Introduction-To-Programming-Sap-Applications
How to check Cluster Table Data
https://forums.sdn.sap.com/click.jspa?searchID=5215473&messageID=3520315
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/the-different-types-of-sap-tables.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/81/415d363640933fe10000009b38f839/frameset.htm
Check this cool weblog:
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
/people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
http://www.allsaplinks.com/
http://www.sap-img.com/
http://www.sapgenie.com/
http://help.sap.com
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
these links
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
For funtion module to class
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for classes
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
for methods
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
for inheritance
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
for interfaces
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
For Materials:
1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
Rewards if useful...............
Minal
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