ABAP UI Mock up tools

Hi,
I would like to create some mock up UI (abap controls) in abap. Is there any existing tools by which I an create it?
Regards,
Jey

Hi,
I am not aware of anything for controls. The closest thing would be to refer to something in the enjoy demo center (transaction DWDM) and do a copy. You could also refer to examples in the style guide (BIBS) or reuse library.
Going forward, tools such as the floorplan manager for WD, should really help with this kind of thing.
Regards, David

Similar Messages

Error in ABAP Docs 2.1 tool?

Hello Experts,
Have anyone tried ABAP Docs 2.1 tool in SAP version 4.7?
While installing the tool, i found some issues for which i need some clarifications.
Is the ABAP Docs tool only applicable for Ecc 6.0 and above? Since the documentation of this tool has all the screen shots of ECC 6.0 system.
I have tried it in SAP version 4.7. While executing "ABAP Docs 2.1 Cockpit" transaction, it goes for a short dump, stating that SAP_BOOL (data type used in public section of class ZFLC_ALV_GRID_GC) is not available. SAP_BOOL data type doesnot exist in SAP v4.7. But it is available in SAP ECC 6.0. I have checked it.
What are the pros and concerns to be taken care, when i need to install the tool in SAP v4.7? What are all the issues i will face other than the error SAP_BOOL?
Please help me with your valuable suggestions.
Thanks and Best Regards,
Suresh

No proper responses.

Error in ABAP Docs 2.0 tool

Hello Experts,
Have anyone tried ABAP Docs 2.0 tool in SAP version 4.7?
This is a good tool. Actually we have a plan to include this tool and customize it for our purpose. But while installing the tool, i found some issues. So, i seek some clarifications.
Is the ABAP Docs tool only applicable for Ecc 6.0 and above? Since the documentation of this tool has all the screen shots of ECC 6.0 system.
I have tried it in SAP version 4.7. While executing "ABAP Docs 2.1 Cockpit" transaction, it goes for a short dump, stating that SAP_BOOL (data type used in public section of class ZFLC_ALV_GRID_GC) is not available. SAP_BOOL data type doesnot exist in SAP v4.7. But it is available in SAP ECC 6.0. I have checked it.
Since, this is one of the errors i found, i seek your valuable clarifications regarding the following:
What are the pros and concerns to be taken care, when i need to install the tool in SAP v4.7? What are all the issues i will face other than the error SAP_BOOL?
Please help me with your valuable suggestions.
Thanks and Best Regards,
Suresh

Hello experts,
Please help me... It is an important task...
I find someother issues also.
Any helpful measures please.
Best Regards,
Suresh

Upload the master data in abap-hr using Lsmw tool

Hi Friends,
Any one Help me How to Upload the Master data in ABAP-HR using LSMW.
In Recording what need to fill.
If any screenshots are availave please provied me.
Thanks and Regards,
Sai.

http://www.scmexpertonline.com/downloads/SCM_LSMW_StepsOnWeb.doc
Try this .....

SAP Netweaver V12 ABAP Trial Version Cleanup Tool

SAPNW7.0ABAPTrialSP12\regCleanTool
sapstartsrv
remove entries.
parameters
NSP
00
Anyone else having the same problem.
The cleanup tool which actually doesn't cleanup the registry.
This is extremely annoying as there must be 200 + entries to manually delete.
Anyone have a clue what the problem is ?

that's problem i have too. i don't know why!!!

Wireframing/mock up tools

Does anyone have any suggestions of a good mockup tool for visually developing Iphone and Ipod applications? I see there are alot of them out there, but I dont want to have to test a dozen before finding a good one. Please, any suggestions would be awesome!

Hi,
I am not aware of anything for controls. The closest thing would be to refer to something in the enjoy demo center (transaction DWDM) and do a copy. You could also refer to examples in the style guide (BIBS) or reuse library.
Going forward, tools such as the floorplan manager for WD, should really help with this kind of thing.
Regards, David

SAP NetWeaver System Logging (SM21) - ABAP Test and Analysis Tools - SAP Library

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You can also go back to the SAP help page.

Hi Vikas,
thank you very much for your quick answer.
Am I getting it right that you installed the Web Application Server and the XI on the same machine? I read about the mandatory installation on two seperate machines but I hope that the installation on one machine is also possible when using the server for testing purposes.
What processor do you have? Do you think my Pentium 4 2.8 GHz processor will do it?
Very appreciative greetings,
Florian

Tools to upload data into SRM 7.0 with webdynpro for ABAP

Hi,
Webdynpro for abap is used in SRM70.
I need to load data in SRM70 (product category...).
ECATT is not working with web dynpro for abap.
What other tools can i use to load data in SRM70 ? LSMW ?
I would like to avoid to create a Z program to load data into SRM70...
Thanks,
Kind regards,
Yann

Hello Yann.
welcome . we read your wonderful threads and they are useful to coomunity forever.
I am not aware much.
Product category is a permanent data right . i think we may not frequently change the data right.
Does your business want very frequent update on product category?
I believe if we make frequent changes/modify of data we may use LSMW .
i think your zprogram is a best method to upload the product category.
As you aware we can not change the product category as per standard.For eg. If i create a local product category /hierarchy .Even i can not rename them.
category/hierarchy creation are one time activity in SRM.
please correct me.
regards
Muthu

Can we develop SLA monitoring tool in abap which will monitor HP service manager?

Hi Experts,
Can we design tool in ABAP or webdynpro where tool will monitor SLA for incidents in HPSM (HP service manager)?
Please let me know if such option is available.
Regards,
Sanjana

Hi,
I have the same issue. SCOM --> OMU 9.10 works fine, OMU 9.10 --> SCOM doesn't work.
What do you exactky mean with "The user configured for use with the integration pack must have its time zone preferences set to Greenwich/Universal with a date format of mm/dd/yy." Where do you have setup this configuration?
Thanks for help.

How to WebDynPro for ABAP?

Hi,
I don't know if I am posting on the right forum, if not please let me know where to post. And I thank you in advance for answering my question.
I am a ABAP programmer for past few years and just out of interest I want to learn WebDynpro ABAP skill. What tools do I need to learn/work on webdynpro for ABAP? And if you could please recommend any books available to quickly learn WebDynPro for ABAP.
At my work place they already have NSWD 70 but I heard it is more for webDynpro JAVA.
thanks,
Soumya.

Hi Soumya,
You have to post this forum in Application Server » Web Dynpro ABAP.
Refer this thread to start with Web Dynpro ABAP : Re: Web Dynpro ABAP step by step guide for sample applications
There are many blogs, tutorials on SDN for Web Dynpro ABAP.
Regards,
Anand G

Free Abap Development Environment

Hi,
I use to develop in ABAP on SAP R/3 4.6C at work.
I would like to know if it's possible to have a free version of R/3 or NetWeaver to learn more about ABAP programming at home and to learn about how to developp using .NET/ JAva technlologies with ABAP.
I eared about something called 'MiniWas ' but didn't find how to download it and what I can exactly I can do with it
Regards,
Morgan Bourgeois

Yes, I feel your pain Morgan, It can be confusing. I will try to hit all of your doubts here.
First the Sneak Preview that I pointed you to, is a MiniWas, you get all of the technology layer(basis) including the ABAP runtime, development envirnoment/tools, and everything that you had in previouse miniwas. Not sure why they have it listed the way they do, it is a little confusing. But they maybe pointing out the fact that this is the first miniwas where ABAP WebDynpro has been included. This is just like the WebDynpro Java, but on the ABAP stack. In this version you also get the new ABAP Editor, new debugger, and the ALV Object Model. The latter was available in the 6.40 version also.
This miniwas only have the technology layer, no functional modules of R/3 like PP, MM, SD, VC, etc.
Please remember that Netweaver is the platform for which SAP solutions run on top of. It has two sides(stacks), the ABAP stack and java stack. For example ECC(formerly R/3) runs on Netweaver, but on the ABAP stack. The Netweaver Portal runs on the java stack, but can invoke iviews which use Web Dynpro components which have be developed on the ABAP stack. Of course, it can handle other apps as well includeing java and .net.
The netweaver portal is simple a frontend in which you can tie all of your applications, whether SAP or non-SAP into one place for the end user to access. If you are accessing a backend system which is ECC(R/3), then yes, you would be calling a BAPI or RFC function module which is written in ABAP. (I hope this is clear)
HTMLB is like an abstraction from regular HTML. You can use this to develop your UI interface. You can use this in Business Server Pages(which can also be ran in an iView of the Portal) or in the JSP DynPage applications(which again can be in an iView). HTMLB is purely a UI technology which you can use in developing your applications. WebDynpro does not allow for using HTMLB, or HTML, but it probabaly uses it underneath, because the HTMLB interface looks/feels the same as WebDynpro UI.
If you have more follow up questions, please ask.
Regards,
Rich Heilman

Abap basics material documents

Hi Gurus,
i am intrested to learn basic in Abap i want to make my carrrier in it so i kindky request you to plz send material my [email protected]
Thanks in Advance,
Edited by: Krishna on Apr 23, 2008 2:16 PM
Edited by: Krishna on Apr 23, 2008 2:17 PM

Hi....
Go for Siemens material. Check the following link:
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
additional info
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
edit Implementation
edit Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
edit SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
edit Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
edit Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
edit Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
edit Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
edit Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
edit OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
edit Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
edit Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
edit Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
edit Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
edit Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
edit Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
edit Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
edit ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
edit The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
edit ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
edit "Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
edit Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
edit Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
edit Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
edit Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
edit ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
edit Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
edit Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
edit Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
edit Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
edit Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
edit Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
edit Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
edit Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
edit Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
edit Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
edit Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
edit Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
edit Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
edit Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
edit Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
edit Advanced Topics
edit Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
edit Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
edit Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
edit Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
edit Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
edit Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
edit Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
edit Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
first learn basic programing afterwards
go through commands, statements , events, functional modules.....etc.
and implement these stuff, in programing,. and do practising.
Check the following links:
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
http://sap-img.com/
http://sapabaplive.blogspot.com/2007/07/download-abap-in-21-days.html
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_40b/helpdata/en/4f/991f82446d11d189700000e8322d00/applet.htm
http://www.sapbrainsonline.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/ABAP_tutorial.html
http://www.esnips.com/web/SAPAbapCertificationDocs/
Start with this.Refer this
For BDC:
http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm

ABAP Advance document

Hi All,
Do you have any documents about ABAP Advance, pls share link to download or send to me: [email protected]
Thanks!

Hi,
ABAP itself is Advanced Business Application Programming
it is Fourth generation Language
Multi Lingual
Only Tool for developing SAP applications.
ABAP Workbench contains all tools, we need to create ABAP/4 Programs.
ABAP/4 program contains all usual control structures and modularization concepts.
After coding, we will save and generate. During generation, the system creates a Run Time object. When we execute, the system executes this Run Time Object.
These are different from sequential programming languages such as FORTRAN, PASCAL and C.
Instead it shares certain features with event Oriented programming languages such as VB and JAVA.
An ABAP/4 program has modular structure.
Source text (processing Block) always consists, Collection of One or more programming modules .
Programming module consists of sequential statements.
With in the processing Block, we can use general Control statements such as DO, IF, WHILE and CASE statements.
For Execution of ABAP/4 Programs you need a special Run Time Environment .
This Run Time Environment is responsible for calling the individual program modules one after the other .
This Run Time Environment is nothing but ABAP/4 Processor .
Declarative Elements for declaring Data.
Operational Elements for Manipulating data.
Control statements for processing program flow.
Functions for processing character strings.
Subroutines with or without passing values.
Central Library with special type of Subroutines called Function modules.
Open SQL (a subset of SQL) to read and change data base tables.
Allows you to define and process Internal Tables.
Allows you to store data as Sequential files on Application and Presentation Servers.
Executable program (1)
INCLUDE program (I)
Module pool (M)
Function group (F)
Subroutine pool (S)
SAP differentiates between two general types of ABAP/4 Programs.
Report Programs
Dialog Programs
link:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04s/helpdata/en/63/0b9841e2ebb05fe10000000a1550b0/frameset.htm
http://abap4.tripod.com/SAP_and_ABAP_Links.html
HOPE I ANSWERED TO UR POINT
thanks and regards
suma sailaja
Edited by: suma sailaja pvn on Jan 10, 2008 5:03 AM
Edited by: suma sailaja pvn on Jan 10, 2008 5:06 AM

Switch to different application server in ABAP program

Hello everyone,
I am currently working on some ABAP objects classes and tool programs for additional user administration functionality. We are runnig a SAP ERP system with distributed application servers and active logon load-balancing for users.
I'd like to switch to a different application server from within my program in order to get all relevant information for an active user. So far I only found the function TH_SELECT_SERVER (from the function group THFB) for this, but this uses a separate dialog for interactively switching to another application server.
I could use RFC calls with a lookup table for the destinations of individual application servers, but this would not be as flexible. Also I would have to create some wrapper code for standard functions which are not defined as RFC-usable. So I would rather like to switch to the other server instead.
What I'd like to do instead is switching to another server from a user-related server list without any additional interaction in order to run a function locally on the other server. Does anybody know some function, object method etc. which will do the trick?
Greetings,
Markus.

Hello Thomas,
Bingo !!!
I debugged the report program RSM51000_ALV & found the sub-routine SM51_USER_CMD.
The SY-UCOMM for our purpose is 'RLOG'. and it utilises the FM 'TH_REMOTE_TRANSACTION' )
Hope this will be of some help to the thread starter.
BR,
Suhas

Homogeneous system copy using database specific tools

My enviroment is ECC6/Oracle 10.2.0.2/Solaris 10
I'm attempting my first system copy (central instance ABAP) using database specific tools from my PRD to my QAS system
in the source system I ran sapinst and proceed as follows
Execution of Service SAP ERP 6.0 SR3 > Software Life-cycle options > system copy > oracle > source system export >
central system > based on AS ABAP ? Database Instance Export
The export creates two folders and an file ie ABAP, JAVA & LABELIDX.
The folder ABAP is empty while JAVA has three files.see details below. I have a feeling something is not right ?
Kindly advice before I proceed with database offline backup and importation in the target system
*/oracle/INSTDIR/MIGRATION-CD/SYSCOPY*
*root@PRD#*
*root@PRD#*
*root@PRD#ls -l*
*total 6*
*drwxrwxr-x   2 root     sapinst      512 Jul 12 13:19 ABAP*
*drwxrwxr-x   2 root     sapinst      512 Jul 12 13:19 JAVA*
*-rw-rw-r--   1 root     sapinst       10 Jul 12 13:19 LABELIDX.ASC*
*root@PRD#*
*root@PRD#cd ABAP*
*root@PRD#ls -l*
*total 0*
*root@PRD#*
*root@PRD#cd ../JAVA*
*root@PRD#pwd*
*/oracle/INSTDIR/MIGRATION-CD/SYSCOPY/JAVA*
*root@PRD#ls -l*
*total 6*
*-rw-rw-r--   1 root     sapinst       19 Jul 12 13:19 LABEL.ASC*
-rw-r-----   1 root     sapinst       14 Jul 12 13:19 LABELIDX.ASC
-rw-r-----   1 root     sapinst      168 Jul 12 13:19 SOURCE.PROPERTIES
root@PRD#
root@PRD#
According to the system copy documents I've gone through I expect to see the following
in the export directory
=> structure with label files and source system information
=> database structure files (*.STR) for ABAP database objects
=> database statistics
=> Size calculation for the target database (*.EXT, DBSIZE.XML)
=> Archiving of the SDM
=> Archiving of application specific file system content
I get a dialog box message that the export has completed successfullu but only two phases were done ie
=> NW_export
=> Prepare To export Java

Thanks Mark
I'll proceed with the import & inform you about the outcome
My QAS system is the transport domain controller i.e. it hosts the transport directory /usr/sap/trans
What happens to pending transports after system copy ? Is there a way I can retain them or do I have to advice my users to complete pending requests so that I can import all of them before proceeding .
what happens to the CUA configurations in my 3 tier system landscape after I overwrite QAS ? I will make a note of all the RFC's & thier configuration details just incase I need to recreate them
Regards

ABAP UI Mock up tools

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