Account assignment and G/L account

Question

Hi
Im a SAP-BW Consultant. I need some information in MM.
1) what is account assignment ..why it is required ...and how it is link to FI.I need some information regading account assignment .
2) what is G/L account...why it is required and how can it link to FI.
Pls help me
kumar

Answer 1

Dear Kumar,
According to the document principle. a document must be generated and stored in the system for every transaction/event that causes a change in stock.
When posting a goods movement in the SAP System, the following documents are created:
<b>Material document</b>
In the Inventory Management system, when a goods movement is posted, a material document is generated that serves as proof of the movement and as a source of information for any applications that follow.
A material document consists of a header and at least one item. The header contains general data about the movement (for example, its date). Each item describes one movement.
<b>Accounting document</b>
If the movement is relevant for Financial Accounting (that is, if it leads to an update of the G/L accounts), an accounting document is created parallel to the material document.
In some cases, several accounting documents are created for a single material document. This might be the case, for example, if you have two material document items with different plants that belong to different company codes.
The G/L accounts involved in a goods movement are updated through an automatic account assignment.
For goods receipts for purchase orders, goods movements for stock transport orders and consignment withdrawals, business partners may have different local currencies. Therefore, as well as the local currency, the accounting document must also contain another currency for processing and postings. For this purpose, accounting documents created as a result of these goods movements will automatically be managed in the local currency and in the document currency. You can switch between both currencies by choosing Settings -> Currency display.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/4d/2ba31643ad11d189410000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
<b>General Ledger Accounting:</b>
The central task of G/L accounting is to provide a comprehensive picture for external accounting and accounts. Recording all business transactions (primary postings as well as settlements from internal accounting) in a software system that is fully integrated with all the other operational areas of a company ensures that the accounting data is always complete and accurate.
The SAP FI General Ledger has the following features:
Free choice of level: corporate group or company
Automatic and simultaneous posting of all sub-ledger items in the appropriate general ledger accounts (reconciliation accounts)
Simultaneous updating of general ledger and cost accounting areas
Real-time evaluation of and reporting on current accounting data, in the form of account displays, financial statements with different financial statement versions and additional analyses.
Essentially, the general ledger serves as a complete record of all business transactions. It is the centralized, up-to-date reference for the rendering of accounts. Actual individual transactions can be checked at any time in realtime processing by displaying the original documents, line items, and transaction figures at various levels such as:
Account information
Journals
Totals/transaction figures
Balance sheet/profit and loss evaluations
Account postings form an integrated part of SAP accounting. All transactions entered in the sub ledger accounts end up as general ledger postings in SAP. Thus, a posting to sub ledger account say account receivable, account payable will have an effect on the general ledger. As a rule, any accounting transaction, which affects the general ledger invariably results in a GL account posting.
But how does SAP recognize the correct GL account to be posted based on the sub ledger transaction entry. SAP recognized every transaction or entry in the sub ledger as a line item. Having said that, each line item has a unique account number, amount, and posting key. SAP FIGL uses this information in identifying the account to be posted. Similar to account postings, documents created in other modules such as production planning, sales & distribution, materials management, controlling, also get posted if they affect the general ledger i.e. SAP GL. A user in SAP does not even have to manually post a document / line item. SAP can be configured for automatic posting though an option is available for manual posting as well.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/c7/a89dd243dd11d182b30000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Regards,
Naveen.