AD RMS, the black hole in Microsoft Licensing

Hello,
I have read the Product Use Rights from A to Z, I have searched the web everywhere, I have asked the Microsoft Partner Support and some local Microsoftees and I cannot find a single rule about AD RMS Licensing!
All I found is that AD RMS is an additive CAL to Windows Server. That means it is an additionnal product and does'nt have to be company-wide. Which means we need some rules to decide whether a user/device needs a CAL or not. But there isn't any!
Well to be honest, there is one rule, applying to Windows Server Essentials, a product I have never seen in production with AD RMS personnally...
Even if we assume it is a mistake and that "Windows Server Essentials" rule applies to Windows Server Standard and Datacenter, the licensing headache goes further ahead with AD RMS-aware applications. Like Microsoft Office or Microsoft Exchange.
Licensing AD RMS with Office is somewhat covered by some TechNet articles, where we can guess that only the users/devices creating protected documents need Office Pro Plus licenses when readers/reviewers can use Office Standard or Office Web Apps. Still,
nothing is said about the undelying AD RMS CALs. Who needs some? Users creating, probably. But what about the others?
Licensing AD RMS with Exchange is much less documented, as I can only find a table saying some IPM features require the Exchange Enterprise CAL. But who needs the Enterprise CAL? The users creating the protected messages in Outlook? The
users creating the tranport rules in Exchange? All the users reading the protected messages? And again, nothing is said about the underlying AD RMS CALs.
Any help on those licensing topics would be much appreciated.
Thank you.
Gilles Messinger
SAM Consultant

Hi Gilles,
I am sorry but it's not 100% clear what the center of your concerns entirely or what you are trying to do here. That said, I will try to answer you as best I can.
The licensing requirements for the ability to protect and consume content using AD RMS in AD RMS-aware applications under Windows operating systems is described here in the following topic on
AD RMS Client Requirements  http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772753(v=WS.10).aspx:
The Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD RMS) client is included with the Windows Vista®, Windows® 7, Windows Server® 2008, and Windows Server® 2008 R2 operating systems. If you are using Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Windows Server 2003
as your client operating system, a compatible version of the AD RMS client is available for download from the Microsoft Download Center Web site.
The AD RMS client can be used with the AD RMS server role included in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 or with previous versions of RMS running on Windows Server 2003.
I should also mention that the AD RMS Client is also included and supported for Windows 8 and the AD RMS server role is also available in Windows Server 2012 as well.
To licensing and ability to protect and consume content using IRM features (which are typically enabled using an AD RMS deployment but can also use Windows Azure AD Rights Management) in other products such as Microsoft Office or Microsoft Exchange does
require specific versions of those products. For more information, the following links may be helpful:
Support for IRM in Office
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772650(v=WS.10).aspx
AD RMS and Microsoft Office Deployment Considerations
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd772697(WS.10).aspx
There is not an additional need to specifically license AD RMS for use in supporting IRM in Exchange. The specific requirements for deployment in Exchange are covered in the Exchange documentation:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd638140.aspx#reqs
Also, this roadmap for implementing IRM features in Exchange may also be helpful to you:
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/1902.roadmap-for-implementing-irm-features-in-microsoft-exchange.aspx
Hope that helps,
Brad Mahugh
Microsoft Corporation
This post is provided "AS IS" and confers no promises of current or future technical support for a specific support issue. Please use Microsoft product support if you need a service commitment for your current support case or issue.

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    This works great EXCEPT when there are firewalls in the way (or broken routers, which is less likely these days). Many firewalls will not allow these ICMP messages to go back to the sender. Therefore, your host never receives the message that it is supposed to reduce the size of the packet and keeps trying and trying for about 15 minutes until it finally dies.
    This is one reason why you may be seeing long hangs that ultimately end in termination of your connection.
    RFC2923 goes into some options to work past this issue.
    One way that this can be done, Windows Vista for instance does this, is for the system to keep an eye on how many max sized packets get retransmitted. After a certain number (lets say 5), the system assumes that it is not getting this ICMP notification and cuts the size of that packet in half so it can now get the data through - assuming that smaller packets are better than no packets getting sent.
    It may also (and does with Vista) temporarily disable the setting of the 'Don't Fragment' bit and allow the routers to just take care of things. So in Vista, you'll see the page stutter for a second, and then continue to load, where an OS X system will sit there and hang for 15 minutes.
    This is where OS X goes wrong. This behavior is called PMTU-D Black Hole Detection and does not appear to be in the IP stack for Leopard (and probably not previous releases).
    So what can you do.
    You have a few options, some of which I've already provided to a few folks (although without the mathematics so it's just a rough guess value).
    First, you can just disable PMTU-D. The command to do this is:
    sudo sysctl -w net.inet.tcp.pathmtudiscovery=0
    This is a 'quick fix' but does eliminate the benefits that PMTU-D provides.
    Second, you can calculate out what size MTU seems to work for you by working backwards and configure that on something within your control.
    If your home router supports it, that's a good place to reduce the MTU since it only comes into play when you're using your Internet connection and not when hosts within the same network talk to each other. So if you place the MTU of 1472 on your router and your host sends it a 1500 byte packet, it will send back the ICMP message telling you to reduce it down to 1472.
    If your router doesn't support it, you can reduce the MTU on your macs physical interface. This isn't always the best solution since you really should then reduce the MTU on each of your local systems or you could run into issues locally.
    The command to do this is:
    sudo ifconfig en1 mtu 1472
    To make this permanent for Ethernet, set it in the Network settings. For Airport, search the forums. I provided an update you can make to one of the preferences files manually to do this (don't remember what file right now).
    I have found a couple of sites (Washington Mutual's website for instance) that appear to have configuration issues internal to their network in which a device behind a firewall (possibly the web server, load balancer, or IPSec added) that may have an MTU less than 1500 set on it AND a firewall blocking ICMP packets from coming back. These sites will throw off your math since you can no longer assume a max size of 1500 for IP packets. In this specific case, you have to assume 1480.
    Third, you can adjust the MSS setting (Max Segment Size) in the kernel to a value that is 20 bytes smaller than what you would otherwise set the MTU to. This ensures that the TCP stack doesn't put more than that amount of data in any single packet (therefore, eliminating the MTU issue), however, this will not work for UDP.
    Finally, you can submit a bug report to let Apple know that PMTU-D Black Hole detection is something that we need.
    So what kind of impact does this have on performance?
    This will depend on what solution you choose, what the performance of your home router is, and the load on the various servers that have to potentially re-assemble the packets.
    That said, knocking things all the way down to 1400 bytes, I am able to still get at least 15 Mbps up and down stream over the Internet.
    If you have any questions on this post, please post and i'll do my best to respond. Hopefully this will help one more person resolve their performance issues with Leopard.

    Hi Karsten and thanks for the suggestion!
    I have exempted internal networks and can connect them via the VPN connection. I also got connectivity to the outside world with nat (outside,outside) and 'same-security-traffic permit intra-interface'.
    A question remains though. At the moment, all traffic gets out of the network through the 'outside' interface IP (.22). I'd rather use a dedicated address from the /29 on GigabitEthernet0/0. Is this possible to achieve that? To put it differently, I'd like to NAT the VPN range onto an address that is not the 'outside' interface, like I did in this statement, for instance:
    nat (v200,outside) source dynamic v200_private v200_public
    My other question is, whether the single NAT statement [nat (outside,outside) dynamic interface] is sufficient for VPN traffic and whether the original statement can be removed [nat (vpn,outside) source dynamic vpn_pool vpn_public].
    Thanks once again for the tips!
    R.

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