Added security for JSP

My problem is that I have a JSP page that I do not want the user being able to access without first going through the login process. I do not want them to be able to bookmark the page and then get back there without logging in by clicking on the bookmarked page.
I want to be able to do this by either checking the page that they came from when trying to get to this page. If they have not come from one of 4 possible pages, then I want them to be sent to the login JSP.
If there is not a way to do this, maybe I could make use of a cookie somehow that holds a boolean representing login status. If the cookie holds a false, the user is sent back to the login screen.
Could someone please let me know of the best way to implement this added functionality. Could you please post some code as well to show me how it is done.
Thank you!

<%
if (request.getHeader("referer").compareToIgnoreCase("First.jsp") == 0 ||
request.getHeader("referer").compareToIgnoreCase("Second.jsp") == 0 ||
request.getHeader("referer").compareToIgnoreCase("Third.jsp") == 0 ||
request.getHeader("referer").compareToIgnoreCase("Fourth.jsp") == 0 ||
request.getHeader("referer").compareToIgnoreCase("login.jsp") == 0)
%>
<<EVERYTHING I HAD IN MY JSP PREVIOUSLY>>
<%
else
javascript:location.href="login.jsp";
%>

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    Looking in C:\Program Files\CA\SharedComponents\PEC\bin
    Looking in C:\WINNT\system32
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\system32\java.exe' because it is in a Windows System Dire
    ctory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\system32\javaw.exe' because it is in a Windows System Dir
    ectory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\system32\jre.exe' because it is in a Windows System Direc
    tory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\system32\jrew.exe' because it is in a Windows System Dire
    ctory.
    Found: C:\WINNT\system32\jview.exe
    Found: C:\WINNT\system32\wjview.exe
    Looking in C:\WINNT
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\java.exe' because it is in a Windows System Directory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\javaw.exe' because it is in a Windows System Directory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\jre.exe' because it is in a Windows System Directory.
    Ignoring 'C:\WINNT\jrew.exe' because it is in a Windows System Directory.
    Looking in C:\WINNT\System32\Wbem
    Looking in c:\Fusa\DLL
    Looking in C:\TD
    Looking in C:\Program Files\CA\AllFusion Harvest Change Manager
    Looking in C:\Progra~1\OraNT\9i\bin
    Looking in C:\Program Files\IBM\Trace Facility\
    Looking in C:\Program Files\IBM\Personal Communications\
    Looking in C:\Program Files\F-Secure\Ssh\program
    Looking in C:\PROGRAM FILES\ULTRAEDIT
    Looking in C:\Program Files\FileNet\FNSW\CLIENT\BIN
    Looking in C:\Program Files\FileNet\FNSW\CLIENT\SHOBJ
    Looking in C:\Program Files\IONA\Orbix_2.3c\BIN
    Looking in C:\LOGS\user\temp_installs\apache-ant-1.7.0\bin
    Looking in C:\Program Files\GnuWin32\bin
    ...Finished searching through the path for VMs
    ORDERING VMS
    1: C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe (in path)
    2: C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\bin\javaw.exe (in path)
    3: C:\WINNT\system32\jview.exe (in path)
    4: C:\WINNT\system32\wjview.exe (in path)
    5: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_03\bin\java.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MA
    CHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Plug-in\1.4.2_03)
    6: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_03\bin\javaw.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_M
    ACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Plug-in\1.4.2_03)
    7: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MA
    CHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Plug-in\1.4.2_11)
    8: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\javaw.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_M
    ACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Plug-in\1.4.2_11)
    9: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MA
    CHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4)
    10: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\javaw.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_
    MACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4)
    11: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_03\bin\java.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_M
    ACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4.2_03)
    12: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_03\bin\javaw.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_
    MACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4.2_03)
    13: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_M
    ACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4.2_11)
    14: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_11\bin\javaw.exe (in registry at HKEY_LOCAL_
    MACHINE\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.4.2_11)
    Searching for console vm.
    lax.nl.valid.vm.list=J2 J1 MSJ
    lax.nl.current.vm=.
    was not a valid Win32 executable.
    SUCCESS! C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe
    Using JNI INVOCATION to simulate the following batch script:
    BATCH SCRIPT
    cd "C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows"
    set CLASSPATH=C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\IAClass
    es.zip;C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\resource\jdglue.zip;
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\Execute.zip;C:\Profil
    es\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\InstallerData\Execute.zip;C:\Profile
    s\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\Resource1.zip;C:\Profiles\sys1m
    i\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\InstallerData\Resource1.zip;C:\Profiles\sys1
    mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData;C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I118
    0638584\Windows\InstallerData;
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\bin\java.exe -Xms16777216 -Xmx503
    31648 -noverify com.zerog.lax.LAX C:\\Profiles\\sys1mi\\LOCALS~1\\Temp\\I1180638
    584\\Windows\\WorkshopInstaller.lax C:\\Profiles\\sys1mi\\LOCALS~1\\Temp\\env.pr
    op
    executing java...
    LAX Version = 5.5
    IAResourceBundle: create resource bundle: en
    LOADING Resource path: i18nresources\custom_en
    LOADING Resource path: locales\custom_en
    seaFilename = WorkshopInstaller
    Default properties location = C:\Profiles\sys1mi\Desktop\temp\
    Installer PropertiesFile = C:\Profiles\sys1mi\Desktop\temp\installer.properties
    UI Mode set to Default - SWING.
    InstallAnywhere 6.0 Enterprise
    Thu May 31 15:10:23 EDT 2007
    Free memory = 14953 kB
    Total memory = 16320 kB
    No arguments.
    java.class.path:
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\IAClasses.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\resource\jdglue.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\Execute.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\InstallerData\Execute.z
    ip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\Resource1.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\InstallerData\Resource1
    .zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\InstallerData
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\lib\dt.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\lib\htmlconverter.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\lib\tools.jar
    ZGUtil.CLASS_PATH:
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\IAClasses.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Windows\resource\jdglue.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData\Execute.zip
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\InstallerData
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\lib\htmlconverter.jar
    sun.boot.class.path:
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\rt.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\i18n.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\sunrsasign.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\jsse.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\jce.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\charsets.jar
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\classes
    java.ext.dirs:
    C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\jre\lib\ext
    java.version == 1.4.2_11 (Java 2+)
    java.vm.name == Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM
    java.vm.vendor == Sun Microsystems Inc.
    java.vm.version == 1.4.2_11-b06
    java.vm.specification.name == Java Virtual Machine Specification
    java.vm.specification.vendor == Sun Microsystems Inc.
    java.vm.specification.version == 1.0
    java.specification.name == Java Platform API Specification
    java.specification.vendor == Sun Microsystems Inc.
    java.specification.version == 1.4
    java.vendor == Sun Microsystems Inc.
    java.vendor.url == http://java.sun.com/
    java.class.version == 48.0
    java.compiler == null
    java.home == C:\Profiles\sys1mi\temp_installs\j2sdk1.4.2_11\
    jre
    java.io.tmpdir == C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\
    os.name == Windows XP
    os.arch == x86
    os.version == 5.1
    path.separator == ;
    file.separator == \
    file.encoding == Cp1252
    user.name == sys1mi
    user.home == C:\Profiles\sys1mi
    user.dir == C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I1180638584\Wi
    ndows
    user.language == en
    user.region == null
    Installer: InstallAnywhere 6.0 Enterprise Build 2262
    System's temporary directory = C:\Profiles\sys1mi\Local Settings\Temp
    Installer: looking for Win32 DLLs in C:\Profiles\sys1mi\LOCALS~1\Temp\I118063858
    4\InstallerData\..\Windows\resource
    allocating more
    allocating more
    allocating more
    allocating more
    RepositoryManager: lock acquired on: C:\Program Files\Zero G Registry\.com.zerog
    .registry.lock
    allocating more
    allocating more
    allocating more
    allocating more
    IAVariables: Converting property: prop, to: 0000-trial
    Searching for Resources - C:\Profiles\sys1mi\Local Settings\Temp\I1180638584\In
    stallerData\Disk1\InstData\Resource1.zip
    launchDir: C:\Profiles\sys1mi\Desktop\temp
    installer.properties exists? true
    version: IS_TRIAL_VERSION
    prod: 0000
    build id=608
    versionInfo: major: 3 minor: 3 micro: 0 buildNumber: 608 release name:
    java.io.IOException: CreateProcess: $USER_INSTALL_DIR$$/$jre\jre\bin\java.exe -v
    ersion error=2
    at java.lang.Win32Process.create(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Win32Process.<init>(Win32Process.java:66)
    at java.lang.Runtime.execInternal(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:566)
    at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:428)
    at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:364)
    at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:326)
    at com.m7.installer.InstallerUtil.getVersion(InstallerUtil.java:154)
    at com.m7.installer.InstallerUtil.checkVersion(InstallerUtil.java:101)
    at com.m7.installer.CheckInstallerVM.install(CheckInstallerVM.java:33)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.actions.CustomAction.installSelf(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.b(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.c(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.b(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.c(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.b(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.c(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.b(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.c(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.AAMgr.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.Main.b(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.Main.d(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.Main.a(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.ia.installer.Main.main(DashoA8113)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
    java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
    sorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324)
    at com.zerog.lax.LAX.launch(DashoA8113)
    at com.zerog.lax.LAX.main(DashoA8113)
    JRE command: $USER_INSTALL_DIR$$/$jre\jre\bin\java.exe -version
    JRE version: null

    Do you have multiple versions of Java installed? I had a weird problem a
    while back with a messed up registry and multiple Java installations.
    br
    Jessica Gaudette wrote:
    Hi,
    I am having the identical problem, but with BEA Workshop Studio. I've followed the instructions provided to resolve it, but I still get the same error, What am I doing wrong? Below is my variable:
    PATH=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin
    When I hold down the control button to get the error log it APPEARS to locate the JDK, but at the very end, when it looks for the JRE it is null.

  • How important is security for wireless systems?

    I recently got an airport extreme and an airport express. to make them work with my old g3 (OS 10.1) I had to remove all security/passwords. This was at the advice of the Mac genius. He said people could leech my bandwidth, but not corrupt or read my activity on-line. Is this true? If not, is there another way to ad security for all my computers?
    Thanks for your help and advice.

    waxy, Welcome to the discussion area!
    He said people could leech my bandwidth, but not corrupt or read my activity on-line. Is this true?
    That is not true. If you are not using any wireless encryption then anybody can monitor all of your on-line activity and use your bandwidth.
    If not, is there another way to ad security for all my computers?
    Your old G3 should be able to connect as long as you are using WEP. But perhaps 10.1 doesn't have this ability. I would strongly recommend that you upgrade the old G3 to OS 10.2 or better. You will be amazed at the functionality, reliability, and stability added by OS 10.2.

  • It was advised on a radio program to get Security for Macs as they are becoming a target.  Is this the case?

    It was advised on a radio program to get Security for Macs as they are becoming a target.  Is this the case?

    Mac users often ask whether they should install "anti-virus" software. The answer usually given on ASC is "no." The answer is right, but it may give the wrong impression that there is no threat from what are loosely called "viruses." There  is a threat, and you need to educate yourself about it.
    1. This is a comment on what you should—and should not—do to protect yourself from malicious software ("malware") that circulates on the Internet and gets onto a computer as an unintended consequence of the user's actions. It does not apply to software, such as keystroke loggers, that may be installed deliberately by an intruder who has hands-on access to the computer, or who has been able to take control of it remotely. That threat is in a different category, and there's no easy way to defend against it.
    The comment is long because the issue is complex. The key points are in sections 5, 6, and 10.
    OS X now implements three layers of built-in protection specifically against malware, not counting runtime protections such as execute disable, sandboxing, system library randomization, and address space layout randomization that may also guard against other kinds of exploits.
    2. All versions of OS X since 10.6.7 have been able to detect known Mac malware in downloaded files, and to block insecure web plugins. This feature is transparent to the user. Internally Apple calls it "XProtect."
    The malware recognition database used by XProtect is automatically updated; however, you shouldn't rely on it, because the attackers are always at least a day ahead of the defenders.
    The following caveats apply to XProtect:
    ☞ It can be bypassed by some third-party networking software, such as BitTorrent clients and Java applets.
    ☞ It only applies to software downloaded from the network. Software installed from a CD or other media is not checked.
    As new versions of OS X are released, it's not clear whether Apple will indefinitely continue to maintain the XProtect database of older versions such as 10.6. The security of obsolete system versions may eventually be degraded. Security updates to the code of obsolete systems will stop being released at some point, and that may leave them open to other kinds of attack besides malware.
    3. Starting with OS X 10.7.5, there has been a second layer of built-in malware protection, designated "Gatekeeper" by Apple. By default, applications and Installer packages downloaded from the network will only run if they're digitally signed by a developer with a certificate issued by Apple. Software certified in this way hasn't necessarily been tested by Apple, but you can be reasonably sure that it hasn't been modified by anyone other than the developer. His identity is known to Apple, so he could be held legally responsible if he distributed malware. That may not mean much if the developer lives in a country with a weak legal system (see below.)
    Gatekeeper doesn't depend on a database of known malware. It has, however, the same limitations as XProtect, and in addition the following:
    ☞ It can easily be disabled or overridden by the user.
    ☞ A malware attacker could get control of a code-signing certificate under false pretenses, or could simply ignore the consequences of distributing codesigned malware.
    ☞ An App Store developer could find a way to bypass Apple's oversight, or the oversight could fail due to human error.
    Apple has so far failed to revoke the codesigning certificates of some known abusers, thereby diluting the value of Gatekeeper and the Developer ID program. These failures don't involve App Store products, however.
    For the reasons given, App Store products, and—to a lesser extent—other applications recognized by Gatekeeper as signed, are safer than others, but they can't be considered absolutely safe. "Sandboxed" applications may prompt for access to private data, such as your contacts, or for access to the network. Think before granting that access. Sandbox security is based on user input. Never click through any request for authorization without thinking.
    4. Starting with OS X 10.8.3, a third layer of protection has been added: a "Malware Removal Tool" (MRT). MRT runs automatically in the background when you update the OS. It checks for, and removes, malware that may have evaded the other protections via a Java exploit (see below.) MRT also runs when you install or update the Apple-supplied Java runtime (but not the Oracle runtime.) Like XProtect, MRT is effective against known threats, but not against unknown ones. It notifies you if it finds malware, but otherwise there's no user interface to MRT.
    5. The built-in security features of OS X reduce the risk of malware attack, but they are not, and never will be, complete protection. Malware is a problem of human behavior, not machine behavior, and no technological fix alone is going to solve it. Trusting software to protect you will only make you more vulnerable.
    The best defense is always going to be your own intelligence. With the possible exception of Java exploits, all known malware circulating on the Internet that affects a fully-updated installation of OS X 10.6 or later takes the form of so-called "Trojan horses," which can only have an effect if the victim is duped into running them. The threat therefore amounts to a battle of wits between you and Internet criminals. If you're better informed than they think you are, you'll win. That means, in practice, that you always stay within a safe harbor of computing practices. How do you know when you're leaving the safe harbor? Below are some warning signs of danger.
    Software from an untrustworthy source
    ☞ Software with a corporate brand, such as Adobe Flash Player, doesn't come directly from the developer’s website. Do not trust an alert from any website to update Flash, or your browser, or any other software. A genuine alert that Flash is outdated and blocked is shown on this support page. Follow the instructions on the support page in that case. Otherwise, assume that the alert is fake and someone is trying to scam you into installing malware. If you see such alerts on more than one website, ask for instructions.
    ☞ Software of any kind is distributed via BitTorrent, or Usenet, or on a website that also distributes pirated music or movies.
    ☞ Rogue websites such as Softonic, Soft32, and CNET Download distribute free applications that have been packaged in a superfluous "installer."
    ☞ The software is advertised by means of spam or intrusive web ads. Any ad, on any site, that includes a direct link to a download should be ignored.
    Software that is plainly illegal or does something illegal
    ☞ High-priced commercial software such as Photoshop is "cracked" or "free."
    ☞ An application helps you to infringe copyright, for instance by circumventing the copy protection on commercial software, or saving streamed media for reuse without permission. All "YouTube downloaders" are in this category, though not all are necessarily malicious.
    Conditional or unsolicited offers from strangers
    ☞ A telephone caller or a web page tells you that you have a “virus” and offers to help you remove it. (Some reputable websites did legitimately warn visitors who were infected with the "DNSChanger" malware. That exception to this rule no longer applies.)
    ☞ A web site offers free content such as video or music, but to use it you must install a “codec,” “plug-in,” "player," "downloader," "extractor," or “certificate” that comes from that same site, or an unknown one.
    ☞ You win a prize in a contest you never entered.
    ☞ Someone on a message board such as this one is eager to help you, but only if you download an application of his choosing.
    ☞ A "FREE WI-FI !!!" network advertises itself in a public place such as an airport, but is not provided by the management.
    ☞ Anything online that you would expect to pay for is "free."
    Unexpected events
    ☞ A file is downloaded automatically when you visit a web page, with no other action on your part. Delete any such file without opening it.
    ☞ You open what you think is a document and get an alert that it's "an application downloaded from the Internet." Click Cancel and delete the file. Even if you don't get the alert, you should still delete any file that isn't what you expected it to be.
    ☞ An application does something you don't expect, such as asking for permission to access your contacts, your location, or the Internet for no obvious reason.
    ☞ Software is attached to email that you didn't request, even if it comes (or seems to come) from someone you trust.
    I don't say that leaving the safe harbor just once will necessarily result in disaster, but making a habit of it will weaken your defenses against malware attack. Any of the above scenarios should, at the very least, make you uncomfortable.
    6. Java on the Web (not to be confused with JavaScript, to which it's not related, despite the similarity of the names) is a weak point in the security of any system. Java is, among other things, a platform for running complex applications in a web page, on the client. That was always a bad idea, and Java's developers have proven themselves incapable of implementing it without also creating a portal for malware to enter. Past Java exploits are the closest thing there has ever been to a Windows-style virus affecting OS X. Merely loading a page with malicious Java content could be harmful.
    Fortunately, client-side Java on the Web is obsolete and mostly extinct. Only a few outmoded sites still use it. Try to hasten the process of extinction by avoiding those sites, if you have a choice. Forget about playing games or other non-essential uses of Java.
    Java is not included in OS X 10.7 and later. Discrete Java installers are distributed by Apple and by Oracle (the developer of Java.) Don't use either one unless you need it. Most people don't. If Java is installed, disable it—not JavaScript—in your browsers.
    Regardless of version, experience has shown that Java on the Web can't be trusted. If you must use a Java applet for a task on a specific site, enable Java only for that site in Safari. Never enable Java for a public website that carries third-party advertising. Use it only on well-known, login-protected, secure websites without ads. In Safari 6 or later, you'll see a padlock icon in the address bar when visiting a secure site.
    Stay within the safe harbor, and you’ll be as safe from malware as you can practically be. The rest of this comment concerns what you should not do to protect yourself.
    7. Never install any commercial "anti-virus" (AV) or "Internet security" products for the Mac, as they are all worse than useless. If you need to be able to detect Windows malware in your files, use one of the free security apps in the Mac App Store—nothing else.
    Why shouldn't you use commercial AV products?
    ☞ To recognize malware, the software depends on a database of known threats, which is always at least a day out of date. This technique is a proven failure, as a major AV software vendor has admitted. Most attacks are "zero-day"—that is, previously unknown. Recognition-based AV does not defend against such attacks, and the enterprise IT industry is coming to the realization that traditional AV software is worthless.
    ☞ Its design is predicated on the nonexistent threat that malware may be injected at any time, anywhere in the file system. Malware is downloaded from the network; it doesn't materialize from nowhere. In order to meet that nonexistent threat, commercial AV software modifies or duplicates low-level functions of the operating system, which is a waste of resources and a common cause of instability, bugs, and poor performance.
    ☞ By modifying the operating system, the software may also create weaknesses that could be exploited by malware attackers.
    ☞ Most importantly, a false sense of security is dangerous.
    8. An AV product from the App Store, such as "ClamXav," has the same drawback as the commercial suites of being always out of date, but it does not inject low-level code into the operating system. That doesn't mean it's entirely harmless. It may report email messages that have "phishing" links in the body, or Windows malware in attachments, as infected files, and offer to delete or move them. Doing so will corrupt the Mail database. The messages should be deleted from within the Mail application.
    An AV app is not needed, and cannot be relied upon, for protection against OS X malware. It's useful, if at all, only for detecting Windows malware, and even for that use it's not really effective, because new Windows malware is emerging much faster than OS X malware.
    Windows malware can't harm you directly (unless, of course, you use Windows.) Just don't pass it on to anyone else. A malicious attachment in email is usually easy to recognize by the name alone. An actual example:
    London Terror Moovie.avi [124 spaces] Checked By Norton Antivirus.exe
    You don't need software to tell you that's a Windows trojan. Software may be able to tell you which trojan it is, but who cares? In practice, there's no reason to use recognition software unless an organizational policy requires it. Windows malware is so widespread that you should assume it's in every email attachment until proven otherwise. Nevertheless, ClamXav or a similar product from the App Store may serve a purpose if it satisfies an ill-informed network administrator who says you must run some kind of AV application. It's free and it won't handicap the system.
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