ALE and IDocs Relevant Issues (Error Code 51)

Dear Gurus,
I created a Master Data (MD)u2018testmrtu2019 via MM01 in our DEV environment.
Now I want to transfer it into QAS environment via ALE mode. (The ALE configuration work was done.)
The MD was successfully sent from DEV via BD10. (The light was green via WE05 in DEV.)
But Iu2019ve failed when I receiving the MD in QAS and can see error logs via BD73.
Error Log:
Message Type: MATMAS
IDoc Status: 51
Status Grouping: Red Lights.
Status text: Application document not posted.
Double Click 'Application document not posted.' and expand the 'Status Records' of 51, I can see:
'Function module not allowed: AFS_RETAIL_ARTMAS_IDOC_INPUT'.
Have you come across this problem? How to solve the problem?
Thank you very much!
Jason

what process code do you have in WE20 for your partner no  for your message type MATMAS?
Is it MATM?
double click the process code.
on next screen you see a identification field
click the button next to it.
there you see which function module is entered to the process code.
For MATM process code it should be IDOC_INPUT_MATMAS01

Similar Messages

  • ALE and IDocs Relevant Issue

    Dear Gurus,
    I created a Master Data (MD)u2018testmrtu2019 via MM01 in our DEV environment.
    Now I want to transfer it into QAS environment via ALE mode. (The ALE configuration work was done.)
    The MD was successfully sent from DEV via BD10. (The light was green via WE05 in DEV.)
    But Iu2019ve failed when I receiving the MD in QAS and can see error logs via BD73.
    Error Log:
    Message Type: MATMAS
    IDoc Status: 51
    Status Grouping: Red Lights.
    Status text: Application document not posted.
    Double Click 'Application document not posted.' and expand the 'Status Records' of 51, I can see:
    'Function module not allowed: AFS_RETAIL_ARTMAS_IDOC_INPUT'.
    Have you come across this problem? How to solve the problem?
    Thank you very much!
    Jason

    Hi ,
    For the Error:  Function module not allowed: AFS_RETAIL_ARTMAS_IDOC_INPUT'
    Error Log:
    Idocs would be failing in 51 status in Error state.
    for
    Message Type: MATMAS
    IDoc Status: 51
    Status Grouping: Red Lights.
    Status text: Application document not posted.
    Diagnosis
    The function module AFS_RETAIL_ARTMAS_IDOC_INPUT'
    and the application object type  which were determined are not valid for this IDoc.
    Procedure
    1. Please check that the process code in the inbound partner profile is correct.
    2. If this is the case, you should check the ALE inbound methods ALE inbound methods for the process code
    and see whether the specified function module and application object type are correct.
    3. If this is also the case, then the function module and the application object type are not permitted
    for the logical message type, message variant, message function and basis type that are contained
    in the IDoc control record.
    You should check whether the correct values have been assigned to these fields in the control record.
    If they do have the correct values, then the assignment to the function module and the
    application object type needs to be maintained.
    Please check and revert in case u still face the issue .
    Regards,
    Shravan A

  • Learning Materials for ALE and Idocs

    Hi Experts,
    Kindly send me the documents/Links for ALE and IDocs.
    Regards,
    Ram.

    Hi
    check url
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
    http://www.sapgenie.com/ale/configuration.htm
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
    http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/training
    And also u can get lots of inof from the below link.
    http://www.sapgenie.com/ale/why_ale.htm
    check these...
    http://www.onestopsap.com/interview-Question/ale/
    http://sap.ittoolbox.com/groups/career/sap-career/aleidoc-interview-questions-688290
    http://www.erpgenie.com/faq/ale.htm
    Outbound:
    Step 1.  Application document is created when transaction is saved.
             2.  Message control is invoked.
             3.  Messages are processed by system.
             4.  Messages are Edited (if desired).
             5.  Output (ALE /  EDI) is checked
             6.  Validate against Message control record from Partner Profile
             7.  Application Document is saved.
             8.  Entry NAST table is created for every selected output program
                  along with Medium & Timing.
             9.  Check for Process Immediately .
                     If (yes)
                       Determine Processing Program from TNAPR Table.
                     ELSE
                       Execute RSNASTED Program.
           10.  Read Partner Profile to determine Process Code.
           11.  Process Code points to the Function Module & Invoked.
           12.  IDoc is generated. 
           13.  Check for ALE Request.
                        if (Yes)
                            Perform Filters, Conversions, Version Changes etc.
                        Else.
                            IDoc is stored in DATABASE.
    INBOUND:
    Step 1.  EDI Subsystem creates an IDoc file from EDI Messages
            2.   Subsystem calls Functional Module                                 EDI_DATA_INCOMING from startRFC program.
             3.  Data in Control Record is validate against the Partner                       Profile.
            4. IDoc is generated in Database and syntax check is                      carried out.
            5. IDoc file is deleted once file read.
            6. Event PROCESSSTATE REACHED is triggered in Idoc Object Workflow. 
                       7.  Check for Process Immediately.
                   If NO
                     Execute RBDAPP01 Program
                   Else
                      Read Process Code from Partner Profile        
                           Process Code Points to  Function Module
                     Application Document Posted.     
    further help:
    IDOC
    Data Creation in Idoc
    IDocs are text encoded documents with a rigid structure that are used to exchange data between R/3 and a foreign system. Instead of calling a program in the destination system directly, the data is first packed into an IDoc and then sent to the receiving system, where it is analyzed and properly processed. Therefore an IDoc data exchange is always an
    asynchronous process. The significant difference between simple RFC-calls and IDoc data exchange is the fact, that every action performed on IDocs are protocolled by R/3 and IDocs can be reprocessed if an error occurred in one of the message steps.
    While IDocs have to be understood as a data exchange protocol, EDI and ALE are typical use cases for IDocs. R/3 uses IDocs for both EDI and ALE to deliver data to the receiving system. ALE is basically the scheduling mechanism that defines when and between which partners and what kind of data will be exchanged on a regular or event triggered basis. Such a set-up is called an ALE-scenario.
    IDoc is a intermediate document to exchange data between two SAP Systems.
    *IDocs are structured ASCII files (or a virtual equivalent).
    *Electronic Interchange Document
    *They are the file format used by SAP R/3 to exchange data with foreign systems.
    *Data Is transmitted in ASCII format, i.e. human readable form
    *IDocs exchange messages
    *IDocs are used like classical interface files
    IDOC types are templates for specific message types depending on what is the business document, you want to exchange.
    WE30 - you can create a IDOC type.
    An IDOC with data, will have to be triggered by the application that is trying to send out the data.
    FOr testing you can use WE19.
    How to create idoc?
    *WE30 - you can create a IDOC type
    For more information in details on the same along with the examples can be viewed on:
    http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm#_Toc8400404
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a6620507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
    http://www.sappoint.com/presentation.html
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_search.html
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
    http://www.erpgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
    To Create Idoc we need to follow these steps:
    Create Segment ( WE31)
    Create Idoc Type ( WE30 )
    Create Message Type ( WE81 )
    Assign Idoc Type to Message Type ( WE82 )
    Creating a Segment
    Go to transaction code WE31
    Enter the name for your segment type and click on the Create icon
    Type the short text
    Enter the variable names and data elements
    Save it and go back
    Go to Edit -> Set Release
    Follow steps to create more number of segments
    Create IDOC Type
    Go to transaction code WE30
    Enter the Object Name, select Basic type and click Create icon
    Select the create new option and enter a description for your basic IDOC type and press enter
    Select the IDOC Name and click Create icon
    The system prompts us to enter a segment type and its attributes
    Choose the appropriate values and press Enter
    The system transfers the name of the segment type to the IDOC editor.
    Follow these steps to add more number of segments to Parent or as Parent-child relation
    Save it and go back
    Go to Edit -> Set release
    Create Message Type
    Go to transaction code WE81
    Change the details from Display mode to Change mode
    After selection, the system will give this message “The table is cross-client (see Help for further info)”. Press Enter
    Click New Entries to create new Message Type
    Fill details
    Save it and go back
    Assign Message Type to IDoc Type
    Go to transaction code WE82
    Change the details from Display mode to Change mode
    After selection, the system will give this message “The table is cross-client (see Help for further info)”. Press Enter.
    Click New Entries to create new Message Type.
    Fill details
    Save it and go back
    Check these out..
    Re: How to create IDOC
    Check below link. It will give the step by step procedure for IDOC creation.
    http://www.supinfo-projects.com/cn/2005/idocs_en/2/
    ALE/ IDOC
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
    http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
    http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
    http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
    http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.docs
    go trough these links.
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
    http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
    http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale.pdf
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap/ale2.pdf
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/0b/2a60bb507d11d18ee90000e8366fc2/frameset.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/78/217da751ce11d189570000e829fbbd/frameset.htm
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
    http://www.sappoint.com/abap.html
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapgenie/docs/ale_scenario_development_procedure.doc
    http://edocs.bea.com/elink/adapter/r3/userhtm/ale.htm#1008419
    http://www.netweaverguru.com/EDI/HTML/IDocBook.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/index.htm
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
    http://http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2004/helpdata/en/dc/6b835943d711d1893e0000e8323c4f/content.htm
    An IDoc is simply a data container that is used to exchange information between any two processes that can understand the syntax and semantics of the data...
    1.IDOCs are stored in the database. In the SAP system, IDOCs are stored in database tables.
    2.IDOCs are independent of the sending and receiving systems.
    3.IDOCs are independent of the direction of data exchange.
    The two available process for IDOCs are
    Outbound Process
    Inbound Process
    AND There are basically two types of IDOCs.
    Basic IDOCs
    Basic IDOC type defines the structure and format of the business document that is to be exchanged between two systems.
    Extended IDOCs
    Extending the functionality by adding more segments to existing Basic IDOCs.
    To Create Idoc we need to follow these steps:
    Create Segment ( WE31)
    Create Idoc Type ( WE30)
    Create Message Type ( WE81)
    Assign Idoc Type to Message Type ( WE82)
    imp links
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/idoc_sample.html
    http://www.sapgenie.com/sapedi/idoc_abap.htm
    www.sappoint.com
    --here u can find the ppts and basic seetings for ALE
    http://sappoint.com/presentation.html
    www.sapgenie.com
    http://www.sapgenie.com/ale/index.htm
    Reward points if useful
    Regards
    Anji

  • Study material on ALE and IDOCS

    Hi
    If anyone has some study material on ALE and IDOCS ,if you can please send it across to me , it would be very helpful to me .
    My mail id is : [email protected]
    Thanks in advance
    Ankit

    1.     What is ALE?
    Application Link Enabling (ALE) is a set of business processes and tools that allow applications on different computer systems to be linked. This can be done between different SAP systems as well as between SAP and non-SAP systems.
    In a single SAP system different applications are integrated via a single database (e.g. finance, sales, production, human resources). However, many companies do not have just one integrated system but a distributed environment with different applications running on different systems. To run the whole business in such an environment the distributed applications have to be linked. This can be done through Application Link Enabling (ALE).
    ALE provides distributed business processes that can be used to link the applications on different platforms. There are some ALE business processes delivered in the standard SAP system. Furthermore, there are tools that can be used to change the existing ALE business processes or to implement new distributed business processes.
    Besides the business processes there are special ALE services that are required to set up and control a distributed environment. These services include a distribution model, business object synchronization and tools for monitoring or error handling.
    ALE is a major part of SAP's Business Framework Architecture. Besides the basis middleware, that provides the communication between components, and the interfaces (BAPIs), ALE business processes and ALE services enable the cooperation of the single components within the framework. That makes ALE the glue of the Business Framework.
    2. What are the benefits of ALE?
    With ALE companies get the opportunity to improve business performance and to solve organizational or technical issues.
    Through distribution you can decentralize your business, enabling local units to operate independently from each other. This flexibility enables the local units to return better business results than in a centralized environment. They have the necessary flexibility to optimize business processes in different organizational units and can ensure that information systems can handle the speed of change in rapidly expanding markets. Distribution allows a high level of freedom, provided that this level of freedom has been clearly defined.
    On the other hand, some companies, that already have a distributed organization with different computer systems in the local units, have the opportunity to link their units through ALE business processes. This enables them for example to provide a 'one face to the customer' approach. Another area that can benefit through ALE are virtual organizations (partnerships between independent companies, joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions).
    Of course, in many cases an integrated solution based on a single system is not possible at all. Some applications used by a company can not run on the same computer system. This includes legacy systems or complementary software. It may also be possible that a company uses different SAP industry solutions or specific country solutions, which do not run on the same SAP System. If these applications run on different systems they can not be linked by a central database but have to use a special integration mechanism like ALE. In this way ALE also links SAP Core Systems to other SAP components like CRM, Business Information Warehouse or APO.
    Besides the benefits of having an improved flexibility in setting up the whole business processes, ALE may also reduce costs, in particular costs of upgrading. If the whole business is run on one integrated system you have to upgrade the whole system, even if only one part of your company (e.g. human resources) requires an update. So the entire company is affected by the upgrade project and all users have to be trained for the new release. Within a distributed environment with release independent interfaces, like those provided by ALE, you can focus the upgrade project on that part of the company that has to be upgraded. The other parts of the company are not involved and need no training. This can save a lot of money. Furthermore, existing investments are protected.
    Another cost factor for distribution might be communication costs. For an overseas connection it can be more expensive to provide online access to one central system (T1) than to connect distributed systems to each other (64K line).
    There might also be some technical reasons for distributed systems. If some parts of the business have special requirements for security of data access (e.g. human resources), this can be set up much safer on a standalone system, which is, however, linked to other parts of the company through distributed business processes. A similar example is high availability. High availability is usually required by the operations part of the company (production, logistics) but not by other areas (e.g. financials, human resources). In a distributed environment high availability can be set up for specific parts of the environment instead of for the whole business. This can also reduce costs.
    In a distributed environment you can not decrease the overall workload of the systems but you can separate the user workloads on different systems. Through this scalability you can improve performance. Another benefit of distributed systems is that if a technical failure occurs on one system, all other systems continue to operate. Only a small part of the business is disrupted by the error. On one central system such an error would disrupt the entire business.
    3. When should ALE be used?
    Besides the benefits of ALE there are also reasons not to distribute:
    The functional scope in a distributed environment is restricted. Not all functionality that is available in an integrated SAP system can be used with distributed systems in the standard yet. Although ALE provides tools to create new ALE business processes or to enhance existing business processes, this does involve additional expenditure.
    Each company needs some organizational standards and data harmonization. In a distributed environment less standards are required than on a single integrated system. However, in a distributed environment the maintenance of the standards and the data harmonization is more difficult than on a single system.
    The administration of decentralized systems is more expensive. Support and service costs for hardware and software in decentralized systems are higher than these costs in a single centralized system.
    ALE should be used in a company if the benefits of ALE for this company outweigh the reasons against distribution. For this you always need to carry out a company specific investigation, in which you also should consider the culture of the company. ALE is good for some companies but not for all.
    4. What is the relationship between ALE and Middleware?
    Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a term for the transfer of business messages between two systems. There are many such messages, the most common of these include a customer sending a purchase order message to a vendor, or a vendor sending an invoice message to a customer. Classic EDI is mainly restricted on the exchange of transactional data, no master data or configuration data. In most cases, EDI replaces the transfer of paper copies of these documents. Via the messages ALE business processes can be implemented between business partners. The EDI messages also use the ALE services.
    For the communication between different types of systems special EDI messages are defined as standards for inter company communication. There are many standards for these messages - in the United States, the ANSI X.12 standard is the most prevalent, in Europe, the UN/EDIFACT standard is used. For sending EDI messages the information has to be converted into an EDI standard. With SAP systems this is done by EDI subsystems. This conversion is the only difference between EDI messages and other messages used in ALE business processes. The processing of these messages on the SAP System is the same as the processing of other ALE messages.
    5. Which ALE business processes are available?
    IDoc Types - Message Types
    ALE business processes are integrated business processes that run across distributed systems. This can be two different SAP systems, links between SAP and non-SAP systems, SAP and Web-servers (Internet Application Components) or SAP and desktop applications. The links between the systems may be loosely (asynchronous) or tightly (synchronous) coupled. These business processes are release independent and can run between different release levels of the systems.
    Many SAP applications offer ALE distribution processes. The following list gives some examples:
    Master data replication (IDoc Types - Message Types - Master Data)
    - Material
    - Customer
    - Vendor
    - General Ledger accounts
    - Bill of materials
    Accounting (IDoc Types - Message Types -Accounting Business Processes)
    - Links to logistic systems
    - Distributed financial accounting
    - Distributed cost center accounting
    - Distributed special ledger
    - Profitability analysis
    - Distributed profit center accounting
    - Consolidation
    - Treasury
    Logistics(IDoc Types - Message Types - Logistics Business Processes)
    - Reallocation of materials
    - Distribution of sales and shipping
    - Product data management
    - Purchasing contracts
    - Sales and operations planning
    - Warehouse management
    - Links to warehouse control systems
    - Links to production optimization systems
    - Links to transport planning systems
    Information systems (IDoc Types - Message Types - Logistics Business Processes)
    - SAP Business Information Warehouse (BW)
    - Exchange of data between information systems
    - Web reporting
    Human resources (IDoc Types - Message Types - HR Business Processes)
    - Human resources as a single component
    - Payroll results
    - Travel expense accounting
    - Links to time collecting systems
    However, these standard solutions may not fit 100% for a company. There may be differentiation in the business process or a required distributed business process is not supported in the standard. If this happens, ALE provides tools that can be used to adapt a standard ALE business process or to create a new distributed business process.
    6. Which ALE services are available and what do they do?
    To integrate distributed systems you need more than a communication infrastructure and interfaces. Some additional services are required that are provided by ALE:
    Business process harmonization:
    Within system overlapping business processes multiple functions running on multiple systems are involved and connected through multiple interfaces. The processes are combinations of functions (sub-processes) running on the single systems.
    (Example: A business process for customer order management involves functions in sales, manufacturing, warehouse management, finance, and so on. It is possible that the sales functions are carried out on another system than the manufacturing, the warehouse management or the accounting. Furthermore, some information exchange with the customer, a supplier or a bank may be involved in the process.)
    ALE helps to coordinate the whole business process by defining it within a global model. In this model the business rules for the distribution are defined. Via the model the sub-processes get to know which part of the overall process they have to do themselves and when they have to pass the process over to another system. Through this the whole business process gets harmonized.
    Receiver determination:
    For distributed business processes a sub-process on one application (client) has to start another sub-process on another application (server). It is important that the new sub-process is started on the right server. Which server is the right one can not be defined by technical values, it depends on the business content of the process.
    (Example: A sales system forwards customer orders to two different production systems. To which system a special sales order is forwarded depends on the entries in the sales order (this may depend, for instance, on the ordered material or on the customer). One sales order may also be split into two or more different orders that may be forwarded to different production systems.)
    To notify the client which system is the receiver of the communication (server), ALE uses a distribution model. From this model the applications get the information about the right server. There are special ALE BAPIs and function modules available for this. The receiver determination makes sure that the information is sent to the right places.
    Business object synchronization (semantic synchronization):
    If business processes run across distributed systems, they have to share some data to be harmonized. This is data like business information data, master data or customizing data. If this data is changed in any of the distributed systems, other systems have to be informed about the change. There has to be some kind of subscription of the data.
    ALE provides a special service for this data synchronization. This service can detect data changes and distribute the information to those systems that need to know about the change. This service also defines which data is shared. You can determine which fields of a data object shall be common and which fields may vary locally.
    Consistency checks:
    For a business process running across two distributed applications there has to be some harmonization of the sub-processes in the single applications. For making sure that the sub processes are harmonized there are special ALE consistency check tools. These tools help to find and repair inconsistencies. By this it can be ensured that the whole ALE business process works in the right way.
    Monitoring:
    For the monitoring of distributed processes it is not enough to monitor all activities on the single systems. The overall business process has to be monitored. The ALE monitoring services provide detailed information about the communication process, the sub-process on the other systems and its results. Database links are created between the business objects in question on the client and the server. This is especially important for loosely coupled applications with asynchronous links. In this case the server can not give return values back to the client directly so that the ALE monitoring is the only channel for feedback.
    Error handling:
    Another problem with asynchronous communication is error handling. If an error occurs on the server the calling process on the client may have finished already. So the server can not return the error message to the client. A special error handling process required. This process is one of the ALE services. It uses workflow functionality to identify the error and to start the required error handling.
    7. Synchronous vs. asynchronous links?
    When distributed applications are linked by ALE business processes, the question often arises as to how tight the link should be. Synchronous and asynchronous links have both advantages and disadvantages.
    Synchronous links have the advantage that the sub-process on the server can return values to the sub-process on the client that has started the link. Problems with synchronous links occur if the communication line or the server is temporarily not available. If this happens, the sub-process on the client can not be finished (otherwise there would be data inconsistencies).
    (Example: There is a logistics system and a financial system. Every stock movement in logistics has to be posted in the general ledger of the financial system. If the link between logistics and finance is synchronous, no stock movement can be recorded in the logistics system if the communication line to the financial system is down.)
    Because of this, synchronous links are usually used if the client only wants to get some data from the server and the sub-processes on the server do not have to write any data to the database.
    With asynchronous links the sub-process on the client can be finished even if the communication line or the server is not available. In this case the message is stored in the database and the communication can be done later. The disadvantage of asynchronous links is that the sub-process on the server can not return information to the calling sub-process on the client. A special way for sending information back to the client is required. In addition, a special error handling mechanism is required to handle errors on the receiving side.
    Asynchronous links are used if a synchronous link is not applicable. For the problems with sending return information to the client and with error handling there is some support from the ALE services.
    8. Which kind of interfaces do ALE business processes use?
    ALE business processes are integrated processes across distributed systems, requiring interfaces between the systems. These interfaces have to be stable to enable the communication between different releases and to reduce the impact of release changes within the distributed environment.
    In SAP R/3 release 3.0 and 3.1 ALE uses IDocs as interfaces. An IDocs is a data container for transferring messages asynchronously. They are release independent. Since SAP Release 3.1G BAPIs are a new type of object oriented, stable interfaces that can be called synchronously or asynchronously. Asynchronous BAPIs use IDocs as data containers. ALE business processes can use BAPIs as well. In the future new ALE business processes will use BAPIs as interfaces. But the existing IDocs will still be supported. In time, BAPIs will be created with similar functionality to existing IDoc interfaces.
    9. Why does SAP uses ALE instead of database replication or distributed databases?
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