Alias tabls does really improves the performence

hi all gurus
since long time i have one question in my mind about alias table
if we use alias table in physical layer,does it really improves the performance ??
so for i have used it for to avoid self joins,
can u give me at least one scenario regarding alias table?
Apart form that all are telling that one table is use full for more than one time that time we have to go for alias table
is it true?
let us take small example as sh schema ,in that we have two facts,cost and sales and dimension like product,countries,time
here my question is to maintain start schema in physical layer we have to go for alias concept.
if we give direct joins to the fact with dimensions,will it decrease the performance ?
i don't under stand ,can any one clear about it?
Thanks a lot in advance

The Answers is No for the example you described about SH Schema.
Aliasing tables, IMHO, doesn't contribute to performance gain/lag.
Aliasing concept is used to implement some complicated scenarios, like the one you described i.e. self joins.
Other examples would be a 1. circular join, 2. prevent clutter in physical layer, 3. set specific cache properties etc....are few i remember on top of my head.
In a nutshell, think of it as a modelling technique to implement complexities.
mark answers promptly.
-bifacts
http://www.obinotes.com
J

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    REPORT z03_gil010 NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING LINE-SIZE 130.
                                 INCLUDE                                 *
    INCLUDE: z00_bci010.                   " Gestion des anomalies.
                          Déclaration des données                        *
                       Tables de la bases de données                     *
    TABLES:
            ekpo,        " Poste document d'achat.
            lfa1,        " Base fournisseurs (généralités).
            marc,        " Données division de l'article.
            z03_bw_cmp1,
            eord,        "Répertoire des sources appro. Achats
            eina,        "Fiche infos-achats - données générales
            t024,        "Groupes d'acheteurs
            tvarv.                                              "FAE17345+
                       Déclaration des données internes                  *
    Déclaration de la table interne qui permet de recuperer les mois.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_months OCCURS 12.
            INCLUDE STRUCTURE t247.
    DATA: END OF itb_months.
    Table pour récupération d'infos sur les divisions
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_t001w OCCURS 0,
            werks LIKE t001w-werks,
            fabkl LIKE t001w-fabkl," Clé du calendrier d'entreprise
          END OF itb_t001w.
    Déclaration de la table interne contenant les infos sur l'adresse du
    fournisseur.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_adresse OCCURS 0,
            lifnr LIKE lfa1-lifnr,           " Numéro de compte fournisseur.
            name1 LIKE lfa1-name1,                              " Nom 1.
            name2 LIKE lfa1-name2,                              " Nom 2.
            name3 LIKE lfa1-name3,                              " Nom 3.
            name4 LIKE lfa1-name4,                              " Nom 4.
            stras LIKE lfa1-stras,           " N° de rue et nom de la rue.
            pstlz LIKE lfa1-pstlz,           " Code postal.
            ort01 LIKE lfa1-ort01,           " Localité.
            pfach LIKE lfa1-pfach,           " Boîte postale.
            pstl2 LIKE lfa1-pstl2,           " Code de la boîte postale.
            land1 LIKE lfa1-land1,           " Clé de pays.
            landx LIKE t005t-landx,          " Pays.
            spras LIKE lfa1-spras,           " Code langue
    END OF itb_adresse.
    Déclaration d'une table interne pour les informations sur les
    prévisions de commande.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_prev_cde OCCURS 0,
            werks LIKE marc-werks,            " Division
            idnlf LIKE eina-idnlf,            " ADDsde ref article frn
            lifnr LIKE eord-lifnr,            " N° fournisseur.
            ekgrp LIKE marc-ekgrp,            " Groupe d'acheteurs
            dispo LIKE marc-dispo,            " Code gestionnaire MRP
            matnr LIKE eord-matnr,            " Article.
            maktx LIKE makt-maktx,            " Désignation article.
            bstmi LIKE marc-bstmi,            " Quantité de commande.
            men00 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité du mois en cours M.
            men01 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité pour le mois M+1.
            men02 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité pour le mois M+2.
            men03 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité pour le mois M+3.
            men04 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité pour le mois M+4.
            men05 LIKE plaf-gsmng,            " Quantité pour le mois M+5.
            men06 LIKE plaf-gsmng.            " Quantité pour le mois M+6.
    DATA: END OF itb_prev_cde.
    Structure de travail pour les commandes convernant les PFC
    DATA str_pca_pfc  LIKE itb_prev_cde.
    *add sde
    DATA str_eord_pfc  LIKE itb_prev_cde.
    Structure de travail pour les prévisons PFC
    DATA str_prev_pfc LIKE itb_prev_cde.
    Déclaration d'une table interne pour les informations sur le
    portefeuille des commandes d'achat.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_pca OCCURS 0,
            werks LIKE ekpo-werks,    " Division
            idnlf LIKE eina-idnlf,     " ADDsde ref article frn
            lifnr LIKE eord-lifnr,    " N° fournisseur.
            ekgrp LIKE marc-ekgrp,    " Groupe d'acheteurs
            dispo LIKE marc-dispo,    " Code gestionnaire MRP
            matnr LIKE eord-matnr,    " Article.
            maktx LIKE makt-maktx,    " Désignation article.
            ebeln LIKE ekes-ebeln,    " Numéro du document d'achat.
            ebelp LIKE ekes-ebelp,    " Numéro de poste du document d'achat.
            slfdt LIKE eket-slfdt,    " Date de livraison statistique
            eindt LIKE ekes-eindt,    " Date de livraison indiquée dans la
                                      " confirmation de la cde.
            menge LIKE ekes-menge,    " Quantité indiquée dans la confirma-
                                      " tion de la commande.
            attdu LIKE eket-wemng,    " Portefeuille fournisseur.
            netpr LIKE ekpo-brtwr,    " Prix net du document d'achat dans
                                      " la devise du document.
            rtard TYPE i,             " Retard en jours ouvres.
            wemng LIKE eket-wemng,    " Quantité de l'entrée de marchandise.
            bldat LIKE mkpf-bldat,    " Date inscrite sur la pièce/sur le
                                      " document.
            qtran LIKE ekes-menge,    " Quantité en transit.
            dtran LIKE ekes-eindt.    " Date du dernier avis de transit.
    DATA: END OF itb_pca.
    DATA: w_i TYPE i,                "Compteur
          w_i_char(1) TYPE c,        "Texte pour récupérer compteur
          w_nm_zone(20) TYPE c,      "Nom zone pour assign au field-symbols
          w_nb_j TYPE i,             "Nb de jours ouvrés jusqu'à fin mois
          w_nb_j_tot TYPE i.         "Nb de jours ouvrés du mois
    FIELD-SYMBOLS:       TYPE ANY.
    Déclaration d'une table contenant les fiches info achat.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_eina OCCURS 0,
            matnr LIKE eina-matnr,
            lifnr LIKE eina-lifnr,
            idfnl LIKE eina-idnlf.
    DATA: END OF itb_eina.
    Déclaration d'une table contenant les infos groupe acheteur.
    *DATA: BEGIN OF itb_t024 OCCURS 0,
           ekgrp LIKE t024-ekgrp,
           eknam LIKE t024-eknam,
           ektel LIKE t024-ektel,
           telfx LIKE t024-telfx.
    *DATA: END OF itb_t024.
    Déclaration d'une table pour le transfert du fichier.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_transfert OCCURS 0,
            col00(8),                 "division
            col00bis(20),             "Reference article
            col01(18),                "No article
            col02(45),                "libelle article
            col021(17),               "Groupe acheteur
            col022(13),               "gestionnaire
            col03(17),                "qte commandée ou No de commande
            col04(13),                "Mois 1 ou No poste cde
            col05(20),                "Mois 2 ou délai initial
            col06(33),                "Mois 3 ou délai négocié
            col07(13),                "Mois 4 ou qté cdée
            col08(13),                "Mois 5 ou qté attendue
            col09(13),                "Mois 6 ou Montant attendu
            col10(13),                "Mois 7 ou retard
            col11(13),                "qte partielle livree
            col12(13),                "date livraison partielle
            col13(13),                "qté en transit
            col14(13).                "date
    DATA: END OF itb_transfert.
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    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_lifnr OCCURS 0,
            werks LIKE marc-werks,
            idfnl LIKE eina-idnlf,
            lifnr LIKE eord-lifnr,
            ekgrp LIKE marc-ekgrp,
            spras LIKE lfa1-spras,
            eknam LIKE t024-eknam,
            ektel LIKE t024-ektel,
            telfx LIKE t024-telfx.
    DATA: END OF itb_lifnr.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans la table MSEG.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_mseg OCCURS 0,
             mblnr LIKE mseg-mblnr,
             mjahr LIKE mseg-mjahr,
             ebeln LIKE mseg-ebeln,
             ebelp LIKE mseg-ebelp,
           END OF itb_mseg.
    déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans EKPO.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_ekpo OCCURS 0,
             lifnr LIKE ekko-lifnr,
             ebeln LIKE ekpo-ebeln,
             ebelp LIKE ekpo-ebelp,
             menge LIKE ekpo-menge,
             bpumz LIKE ekpo-bpumz,
             bpumn LIKE ekpo-bpumn,
             matnr LIKE ekpo-matnr,
             werks LIKE ekpo-werks,
             netpr LIKE ekpo-netpr,
             peinh LIKE ekpo-peinh,  "Base de prix FAE17345+
             ekgrp LIKE ekko-ekgrp,   "AFT++
             dispo LIKE marc-dispo,   "AFT++
           END OF itb_ekpo.
    déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans EKPO.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_ekko OCCURS 0,
             ebeln LIKE ekko-ebeln,
             lifnr LIKE ekko-lifnr,
             spras LIKE ekko-spras,
           END OF itb_ekko.
    déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans EKES.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_ekes OCCURS 0,
             ebeln LIKE eket-ebeln,
             ebelp LIKE eket-ebelp,
             ebtyp LIKE ekes-ebtyp,
             eindt LIKE ekes-eindt,
             menge LIKE ekes-menge,
             dabmg LIKE ekes-dabmg,
             etens LIKE ekes-etens,
           END OF itb_ekes.
    déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans EKET
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_eket OCCURS 0,
             ebeln LIKE eket-ebeln,
             ebelp LIKE eket-ebelp,
             menge LIKE eket-menge,
             wemng LIKE eket-wemng,
             eindt LIKE eket-eindt,
             slfdt LIKE eket-slfdt,
           END OF itb_eket.
    déclaration d'une structure pour la selection dans MKPF.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_mkpf OCCURS 0,
             mblnr LIKE mkpf-mblnr,
             mjahr LIKE mkpf-mjahr,
             bldat LIKE mkpf-bldat,
           END OF itb_mkpf.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la sélection dans EORD.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_eord OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
             lifnr LIKE eord-lifnr,
             ekgrp LIKE marc-ekgrp,
             dispo LIKE marc-dispo,                             "DE3K924352
             disls LIKE marc-disls,
             bstfe LIKE marc-bstfe,
             bstrf LIKE marc-bstrf,
             bstmi LIKE marc-bstmi,
             bstma LIKE marc-bstma,
           END OF itb_eord.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_eordw OCCURS 0.
            INCLUDE STRUCTURE itb_eord.
    DATA : END OF itb_eordw.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la sélection dans MAKT.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_makt OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE makt-matnr,
             spras LIKE makt-spras,
             maktx LIKE makt-maktx,
           END OF itb_makt.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la sélection dans EBAN.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_eban OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE eban-matnr,
             werks LIKE eban-werks,
             flief LIKE eban-flief,
             lfdat LIKE eban-lfdat,
             menge LIKE eban-menge,
             bsmng LIKE eban-bsmng,
             webaz LIKE eban-webaz,
             ekgrp LIKE eban-ekgrp,
             ebeln LIKE eban-ebeln,
             banfn LIKE eban-banfn,
             bnfpo LIKE eban-bnfpo, "DB3K900702+
           END OF itb_eban.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la sélection dans PLAF.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_plaf OCCURS 0,
             plnum LIKE plaf-plnum, "DB3K900702+
             matnr LIKE plaf-matnr,
             plwrk LIKE plaf-plwrk,
             flief LIKE plaf-flief,
             pedtr LIKE plaf-pedtr,
             gsmng LIKE plaf-gsmng,
             webaz LIKE plaf-webaz,
           END OF itb_plaf.
    Déclaration d'une structure pour la sélection dans MARC.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_marc OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE marc-matnr,
             werks LIKE marc-werks,
             disls LIKE marc-disls,
             bstrf LIKE marc-bstrf,
             bstmi LIKE marc-bstmi,
             bstma LIKE marc-bstma,
             bstfe LIKE marc-bstfe,
             ekgrp LIKE marc-ekgrp,
             dispo LIKE marc-dispo,
           END OF itb_marc.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_marc_eord OCCURS 0,
              matnr LIKE marc-matnr,
              werks LIKE marc-werks,
              strgr LIKE marc-strgr,   "groupe de stratégie planif
           END OF itb_marc_eord.
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_z03_bw_cmp1 OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE z03_bw_cmp1-matnr,
             werks LIKE z03_bw_cmp1-werks,
             pdatu LIKE z03_bw_cmp1-pdatu,
             plnmg LIKE z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg,
           END OF itb_z03_bw_cmp1.
    Begin change BNI <DE3K937051>
    DATA : BEGIN OF itb_z03_bw_cmp2 OCCURS 0,
             matnr LIKE z03_bw_cmp2-matnr,
             werks LIKE z03_bw_cmp2-werks,
             pdatu LIKE z03_bw_cmp2-pdatu,
             plnmg LIKE z03_bw_cmp2-plnmg,
           END OF itb_z03_bw_cmp2.
    *End change BNI
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index1,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
          END OF str_index1.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index2,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
          END OF str_index2.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index3_eord,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
          END OF str_index3_eord.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index4,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
          END OF str_index4.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index5,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
    END OF str_index5.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index6,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
    END OF str_index6.
    DATA : BEGIN OF str_index7,
             matnr LIKE eord-matnr,
             werks LIKE eord-werks,
    END OF str_index7.
    Déclaration des variables de debut et de fin de mois.
    DATA: w_debut_mois    LIKE sy-datum,
          w_debut_periode LIKE sy-datum,
          w_fin_mois      LIKE sy-datum,
          w_fin_periode   LIKE sy-datum.
    Déclaration des variables pour les dates.
    DATA: w_date0 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date1 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date2 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date3 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date4 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date5 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_date6 LIKE sy-datum,
          w_datejour LIKE sy-datum,                             "FAE15269
          w_dat_da LIKE eban-lfdat,
          w_dat_op LIKE plaf-pedtr,
          w_mois0 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois1 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois2 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois3 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois4 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois5 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_mois6 LIKE t247-ltx,
          w_lendemain LIKE sy-datum.                            "FAE17345+
    Temoin d'un AR dans la commande d'achat.
    DATA: w_temoin_ar.
    Numéro de la confirmation de la commande
    DATA : w_etens LIKE ekes-etens.
    Déclaration des variables pour le nom des fichiers.
    DATA: w_nom_fichier LIKE rlgrap-filename,
          w_fichier LIKE rlgrap-filename,
          w_racine LIKE rlgrap-filename,
          w_file LIKE rlgrap-filename.
    Déclaration d'une table interne pour le transfert.
    DATA: BEGIN OF itb_trans OCCURS 0,
            w_ligne(320).
    DATA: END OF itb_trans.
    Déclaration d'une variable pour rechercher les enregistrements vides.
    DATA: w_compteur     TYPE i,
          w_compteur1    TYPE i,
          w_compteur2    TYPE i,
          w_retard       TYPE i,          " Retard en jours ouvres.
          w_trouve_pfc   TYPE c, "addsde
          w_trouve_pfs   TYPE c, "+DE3K937051
          w_trouve       TYPE c.
    *Index pour les LOOP
    DATA : w_index_ekpo LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_ekes LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_eket LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_mseg LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_eban LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_plaf LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_pca  LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_z03_bw_cmp1 LIKE sy-tabix,
           w_index_z03_bw_cmp2 LIKE sy-tabix."+DE3K937051
    RANGES : r_type_pfs   FOR marc-strgr.
    *fichier sur serveur +EDR231003
    DATA : w_chemin LIKE filename-fileintern,  "nom du fichier
           w_date_fichier(12) TYPE c,          "Date format DD_MM_AA
           w_csv(307) TYPE c.                  "ligne du fichier format CSV
    CONSTANTS: k_imputation_m LIKE eban-knttp VALUE 'M'.        "FAE19001+
                     Description de l écran de sélection                 *
                         Paramètres "UTILISATION"                        *
    Ouverture d'un block de sélection pour le(s) fournisseur(s).
    SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK block1 WITH FRAME TITLE text-bl1.
    Sélection division(s)
    SELECT-OPTIONS: s_werks FOR ekpo-werks.
    Sélection fournisseur(s).
    SELECT-OPTIONS: s_lifnr FOR lfa1-lifnr OBLIGATORY.
    Sélection du Groupe d'acheteur
    *SELECT-OPTIONS: s_ekgrp FOR marc-ekgrp.   "-FAE26446
    *SELECT-OPTIONS: s_dispo FOR marc-dispo.   "-FAE26446
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK block1.
    FAE 26446 : ajout
    SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK block3 WITH FRAME TITLE text-bl3.
    SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
    PARAMETER p_ekgrp RADIOBUTTON GROUP g3.
    SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 5(24) text-001 FOR FIELD p_ekgrp.
    SELECT-OPTIONS: s_ekgrp FOR marc-ekgrp.
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
    SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.
    PARAMETER p_dispo RADIOBUTTON GROUP g3.
    SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 5(24) text-002 FOR FIELD p_dispo.
    SELECT-OPTIONS: s_dispo FOR marc-dispo.
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK block3.
    FAE 26446 : fin ajout
                           Paramètres "SYSTEME"                          *
    Saut de 2 lignes.
    SELECTION-SCREEN: SKIP 2.
    Ouverture d'un block de sélection pour l'adresse physique du fichier.
    SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK block2 WITH FRAME TITLE text-bl2.
    PARAMETERS: p_pc       RADIOBUTTON GROUP rad1 DEFAULT 'X',  "+EDR231003
                p_fic_pc LIKE rlgrap-filename.                  "+EDR231003
    SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.                                      "+EDR231003
    PARAMETERS     : p_serve   RADIOBUTTON GROUP rad1,          "+EDR231003
                     p_fic_se LIKE filename-fileintern          "+EDR231003
                              DEFAULT 'Z03_PREV_COMMANDES'.     "+EDR231003
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                           Logique de traitement                         *
                              INITIALIZATION                             *
    INITIALIZATION.
    Date du jour
      MOVE sy-datum TO w_datejour.                              "FAE15269
    Gestion des anomalies.
      MOVE text-lb1 TO w_lb_traitement.
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                language              = sy-langu
           TABLES
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                month_names_not_found = 1
                OTHERS                = 2.
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      CALL FUNCTION 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTHS'
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                day_in            = sy-datlo
           IMPORTING
                last_day_of_month = w_fin_mois
           EXCEPTIONS
                day_in_no_date    = 1
                OTHERS            = 2.
      IF sy-subrc <> 0.
        MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
              WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
      ENDIF.
                              TOP-OF-PAGE                                *
    TOP-OF-PAGE.
      CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_TOP_OF_PAGE'
           EXPORTING
                p_linsz   = k_ligne
                p_pagno   = sy-pagno
                p_prog    = sy-cprog
                p_projet  = k_projet
                p_societe = k_societe
                p_sujet   = sy-title.
                              END-OF-PAGE                                *
    END-OF-PAGE.
                            AT SELECTION-SCREEN                          *
    FAE 26446 : ajout
    AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK block3.
      IF NOT ( s_ekgrp IS INITIAL )
      AND  NOT ( s_dispo IS INITIAL ).
        MESSAGE e394(z03_mm).
      ENDIF.
      IF p_ekgrp = 'X'.
        IF s_ekgrp IS INITIAL.
          MESSAGE e395(z03_mm).
        ENDIF.
      ELSE.
        IF s_dispo IS INITIAL.
          MESSAGE e396(z03_mm).
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.
    fae26446 fin ajout
    AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK block2.
      IF p_pc = 'X'.
        IF p_fic_pc IS INITIAL.
    *Attention, il n'y a aucune adresse de sauvegarde pour le(s) fichier(s)
          MESSAGE e021(z03_mm).
        ENDIF.
      ELSE.
        IF p_fic_se IS INITIAL.
    *Attention, il n'y a aucune adresse de sauvegarde pour le(s) fichier(s)
          MESSAGE e021(z03_mm).
        ENDIF.
      ENDIF.
    Création du matchcode pour la selection du fichier local.
    AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR p_fic_pc.
      CALL FUNCTION 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
           EXPORTING
                def_filename     = p_fic_pc
                def_path         = 'C:'
                mask             = text-ma1
                mode             = 'S'
                title            = text-sel
           IMPORTING
                filename         = p_fic_pc
           EXCEPTIONS
                inv_winsys       = 1
                no_batch         = 2
                selection_cancel = 3
                selection_error  = 4
                OTHERS           = 5.
      IF sy-subrc NE 0 AND sy-subrc NE 3.
        MESSAGE e032(z03_mm).
      ENDIF.
                            START-OF-SELECTION                           *
    START-OF-SELECTION.
      PERFORM select_donnees.
    =================================================
    Liste des ARTICLES impactés pour les prévisions *
    =================================================
    ===================================
    PORTEFEUILLE DE COMMANDES D'ACHAT *
    ===================================
    Construction itb_pca à partir de EKKO/EKPO.
      w_index_ekpo  = 1.
      w_index_ekes  = 1.
      w_index_eket  = 1.
      w_index_mseg  = 1.
    SORT itb_ekko BY ebeln.           "-FAE26446
      SORT itb_ekpo BY ebeln ebelp.
      SORT itb_makt BY matnr spras.
      SORT itb_eket BY ebeln ebelp.
      SORT itb_ekes BY ebeln ebelp.
      SORT itb_mseg BY ebeln ebelp.
      SORT itb_mkpf BY mblnr mjahr.
      SORT itb_marc BY matnr werks.                             "+FAE26446
    FAE 26446 remplacement
    LOOP AT itb_ekko.
       LOOP AT itb_ekpo.
               FROM w_index_ekpo.
         IF itb_ekko-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln.
      LOOP AT itb_ekpo.
        READ TABLE itb_marc WITH KEY
           matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
           werks = itb_ekpo-werks BINARY SEARCH.
        CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
    FAE 26446 fin remplacement
        itb_pca-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln.
        itb_pca-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
      itb_pca-lifnr = itb_ekko-lifnr.   "-FAE26446
        itb_pca-lifnr = itb_ekpo-lifnr.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-ekgrp = itb_ekpo-ekgrp.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-dispo = itb_ekpo-dispo.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr.
        itb_pca-werks = itb_ekpo-werks.
      Recherche du libellé article
        READ TABLE itb_makt
                   WITH KEY matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
                            spras = text-fra
                   BINARY SEARCH.
        IF sy-subrc = 0.
          itb_pca-maktx = itb_makt-maktx.
        ELSE.
          READ TABLE itb_makt
                    WITH KEY matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
                             spras = text-ang
                    BINARY SEARCH.
          IF sy-subrc = 0.
            itb_pca-maktx = itb_makt-maktx.
          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
        IF NOT itb_ekpo-bpumn IS INITIAL.
          itb_pca-menge = itb_ekpo-menge * itb_ekpo-bpumz /
                                           itb_ekpo-bpumn.
        ENDIF.
      Sélect° ds la table EKES des dates de livraisons et des qtés
      en transit
        CLEAR w_temoin_ar.
        CLEAR w_etens.
        LOOP AT itb_ekes
                FROM w_index_ekes.
          IF  itb_ekes-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_ekes-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            IF itb_ekes-ebtyp = text-arn.
              itb_pca-eindt = itb_ekes-eindt.
              w_temoin_ar = 'X'.
            ELSE.
            Si c'est une qté en transit alors on recupere
            la quantité et la date.
              IF itb_ekes-dabmg < itb_ekes-menge.
                itb_pca-qtran = itb_pca-qtran + itb_ekes-menge -
                                itb_ekes-dabmg.
              ENDIF.
              IF itb_ekes-etens > w_etens.
                w_etens = itb_ekes-etens.
                itb_pca-dtran = itb_ekes-eindt.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_ekes-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR ( itb_ekes-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_ekes-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_ekes = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
      S'il n'y a pas d'AR alors récupérat° de la date livraison dans EKET.
        LOOP AT itb_eket
                FROM w_index_eket.
          IF  itb_eket-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_eket-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            IF w_temoin_ar IS INITIAL.
              itb_pca-eindt = itb_eket-eindt.
            ENDIF.
            itb_pca-slfdt = itb_eket-slfdt.
          Calcul du portefeuille fournisseur à partir de la
          qté commandée et la qté reçue
            itb_pca-attdu = itb_pca-attdu + itb_eket-menge -
                            itb_eket-wemng.
          Calcul du montant du poste
            itb_pca-netpr = itb_ekpo-netpr * itb_pca-attdu.
            IF itb_ekpo-peinh NE 0.
              itb_pca-netpr = itb_pca-netpr / itb_ekpo-peinh.
            ENDIF.
          Calcul quantité réceptionnée.
            itb_pca-wemng = itb_pca-wemng + itb_eket-wemng.
          Calcul du retard en nombre de jours calendaires
          Le calcul du retard  ne doit pas prendre en compte
          le jour de livraison
            ADD 1 TO itb_eket-eindt.
            IF NOT itb_pca-attdu  IS INITIAL
            AND    itb_eket-eindt LT sy-datum.
            Calcul du retard en nombre de jours ouvrés
              CLEAR w_retard.
              CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_PERIOD'
                   EXPORTING
                        date_deb = itb_eket-eindt
                        date_fin = sy-datum
                   IMPORTING
                        jours    = w_retard.
              itb_pca-rtard = itb_pca-rtard + w_retard .
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_eket-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR (   itb_eket-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND    itb_eket-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_eket = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
      Recherche de la derniere date de livraison.
        LOOP AT itb_mseg
                FROM w_index_mseg.
          IF  itb_mseg-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_mseg-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            READ TABLE itb_mkpf
                       WITH KEY mblnr = itb_mseg-mblnr
                                mjahr = itb_mseg-mjahr
                       BINARY SEARCH.
            IF sy-subrc = 0.
              IF itb_mkpf-bldat > itb_pca-bldat.
                itb_pca-bldat = itb_mkpf-bldat.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_mseg-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR (   itb_mseg-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND    itb_mseg-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_mseg = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
        APPEND itb_pca.
        CLEAR itb_pca.
    FAE26446 suppression parag. suivant
         ELSEIF itb_ekpo-ebeln > itb_ekko-ebeln.
           w_index_ekpo = sy-tabix.
           EXIT.
         ENDIF.
       ENDLOOP.
    Fin FAE26446
      ENDLOOP.
    =========================
    PREVISIONS DE COMMANDES *
    =========================
      SORT itb_eord        BY matnr werks lifnr ekgrp.
      SORT itb_eban        BY matnr werks flief ekgrp.
      SORT itb_plaf        BY matnr plwrk flief.
      SORT itb_z03_bw_cmp1 BY matnr werks.
      SORT itb_z03_bw_cmp2 BY matnr werks."+DE3K937051
      SORT itb_pca         BY matnr werks lifnr.
      w_index_eban = 1.
      w_index_plaf = 1.
      w_index_z03_bw_cmp1 = 1.
      w_index_pca = 1.
      w_index_z03_bw_cmp2 = 1."+DE3K937051
    Remplissage de la table des prévisions de commande.
      LOOP AT itb_eord.
        CLEAR: str_prev_pfc,
               w_trouve.
        MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eord TO str_index1.
        MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eord TO str_index3_eord.
        MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eord TO itb_prev_cde.
      Recherche dans table division/article (MARC) afin de déterminer si
      article PFS (prod fabriqué à stock) ou PFC (Prod fabriqué sur cde)
        AT NEW werks.
          READ TABLE itb_marc_eord
                     WITH KEY matnr = itb_eord-matnr
                              werks = itb_eord-werks
                     BINARY SEARCH.
          IF sy-subrc NE 0.
            CLEAR itb_marc_eord.
          ENDIF.
        ENDAT.
    a - Prévisions pour les PFS : DA + OP *
    *Calcul des quantités de commande.
        IF itb_eord-disls = text-tl1.
          itb_prev_cde-bstmi =  itb_eord-bstfe.
        ELSEIF itb_eord-disls = text-tl2
        OR     itb_eord-disls = text-tl3.
          IF  itb_eord-bstrf NE 0
          AND itb_eord-bstmi = 0
          AND itb_eord-bstma = 0.
            itb_prev_cde-bstmi = itb_eord-bstrf.
          ELSEIF itb_eord-bstrf NE 0
          AND    itb_eord-bstmi NE 0.
            itb_prev_cde-bstmi = itb_eord-bstmi.
          ELSEIF itb_eord-bstrf = itb_eord-bstma
          AND    itb_eord-bstrf NE 0
          AND    itb_eord-bstmi = 0.
            itb_prev_cde-bstmi = itb_eord-bstma.
          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
      si article PFS (Prod fabriqué à stock) recherche des
      demandes d'achat ou ordres planfiés
        IF itb_marc_eord-strgr IN r_type_pfs.
      Récupérat° calendrier de la division pour calcul correct lors de
      l'ajout de eban-webaz ou plaf-webaz jours ouvrés
          CLEAR w_trouve_pfs ."+DE3K937051
          READ TABLE itb_t001w
                     WITH KEY werks = itb_eord-werks
                     BINARY SEARCH.
          IF sy-subrc = 0.
            LOOP AT itb_eban
                    FROM w_index_eban.
              MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eban TO str_index2.
              IF str_index1 = str_index2.
                w_trouve_pfs = 'X'."+DE3K937051
              si qte commandées pour la DA  < quantité de la DA
                IF itb_eban-bsmng < itb_eban-menge.
                ajout de quantité de la DA - qte  commandée pour la DA
                  PERFORM affect_da.
                ENDIF.
              ELSEIF str_index2 > str_index1.
                w_index_eban = sy-tabix.
                EXIT.
              ENDIF.
            ENDLOOP.
          ENDIF.
        ajout des quantité des OP (ordres planifiés)
          LOOP AT itb_plaf
                  FROM w_index_plaf.
            MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_plaf TO str_index4.
            str_index4-werks = itb_plaf-plwrk.
          str_index4-lifnr = itb_plaf-flief.
            IF str_index4 = str_index3_eord.
            Ajout de webaz jours ouvrés à pedtr
              CALL FUNCTION 'Z_03_MM_ADD_TO_FACTORYDATE'
                   EXPORTING
                        i_date        = itb_plaf-pedtr
                        i_calendar_id = itb_t001w-fabkl
                        i_nb_days     = itb_plaf-webaz
                   IMPORTING
                        o_date        = w_dat_op
                   EXCEPTIONS
                        conv_error    = 1
                        OTHERS        = 2.
              IF sy-subrc
       If forecasts found in Z03_BW_CMP2 for the article
       IF w_trouve_pfs = 'X'."-DE3K937602
    Recalculation prev month M in fct of Nb of wrought days of the month
        IF NOT itb_prev_cde-men00 IS INITIAL.
       one does not hold any more account of the day in progress
          w_lendemain = w_date0 + 1.
          CLEAR:w_nb_j,w_nb_j_tot.         "DE3K938206+
          CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_PERIOD'
               EXPORTING
                    date_deb = w_lendemain
                    date_fin = w_fin_mois
               IMPORTING
                    jours    = w_nb_j.
          CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_MONTH'
               EXPORTING
                    date  = w_lendemain
               IMPORTING
                    jours = w_nb_j_tot.
          itb_prev_cde-men00  = itb_prev_cde-men00 * w_nb_j / w_nb_j_tot
    *CLA DE3K925301 FAE27197
    *to round has the higher entirety
        itb_prev_cde-men00  = ceil( itb_prev_cde-men00 ). "DE3K938206-
        ENDIF.
       ENDIF."-DE3K937602
    *End change BNI
    b - Prévisions pour les PFC (Z03_BW_CMP1 puis rééquilibrage) *
      Recherche des previsions dans Z03_BW_CMP1
      si article PFC (Prod fabriqué sur cde) recherche des prévisions
        IF  NOT itb_marc_eord-strgr IN r_type_pfs.
          CLEAR str_prev_pfc.
          MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eord TO str_prev_pfc.
          CLEAR w_trouve_pfc .
          LOOP AT itb_z03_bw_cmp1
                  FROM w_index_z03_bw_cmp1.
            MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_z03_bw_cmp1 TO str_index7.
            MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_eord TO str_index6.
            IF str_index6 = str_index7.
          si on trouve des prévisions dans z03_bw_cmp1 pour la source
          d'appro eord alors c'est un article  PFC
              w_trouve_pfc = 'X'.
              CASE itb_z03_bw_cmp1-pdatu+0(6).
                WHEN w_date0+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men00 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date1+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men01 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date2+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men02 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date3+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men03 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date4+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men04 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date5+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men05 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN w_date6+0(6).
                  str_prev_pfc-men06 = itb_z03_bw_cmp1-plnmg.
                WHEN OTHERS.
              ENDCASE.
            ELSEIF str_index7 > str_index6.
              w_index_z03_bw_cmp1 = sy-tabix.
              EXIT.
            ENDIF.
          ENDLOOP.
    *Begin change BNI
        Si des prévisions trouvées dans Z03_BW_CMP1 pour l'article
          IF w_trouve_pfc = 'X'.
          Recalcul prev mois M en fct du nb de jours ouvrés du mois
            IF NOT str_prev_pfc-men00 IS INITIAL.
            on ne tient plus compte du jour en cours
              w_lendemain = w_date0 + 1.
              CLEAR:w_nb_j,w_nb_j_tot.               "DE3K938206+
              CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_PERIOD'
                   EXPORTING
                        date_deb = w_lendemain
                        date_fin = w_fin_mois
                   IMPORTING
                        jours    = w_nb_j.
              CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_MONTH'
                   EXPORTING
                        date  = w_lendemain
                   IMPORTING
                        jours = w_nb_j_tot.
              str_prev_pfc-men00 = str_prev_pfc-men00 * w_nb_j / w_nb_j_tot.
    *CLA DE3K925301 FAE27197
    *arrondir a l'entier supèrieur
              str_prev_pfc-men00 = ceil( str_prev_pfc-men00 ).
            ENDIF.
          Equilibrage PFC : commande/prévision du mois
          Recherche COMMANDES cumulées pour M à M+6
            CLEAR str_pca_pfc.
            LOOP AT itb_pca
                    FROM w_index_pca.
              MOVE-CORRESPONDING itb_pca TO str_index5.
              IF str_index5 = str_index3_eord.
                IF NOT itb_pca-menge IS INITIAL.
                  CASE itb_pca-eindt+0(6).
                    WHEN w_date0+0(6).
                      IF itb_pca-eindt >= w_date0.
                      str_pca_pfc-men00 = str_pca_pfc-men00 + itb_pca-menge.
                      ENDIF.
                    WHEN w_date1+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men01 = str_pca_pfc-men01 + itb_pca-menge.
                    WHEN w_date2+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men02 = str_pca_pfc-men02 + itb_pca-menge.
                    WHEN w_date3+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men03 = str_pca_pfc-men03 + itb_pca-menge.
                    WHEN w_date4+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men04 = str_pca_pfc-men04 + itb_pca-menge.
                    WHEN w_date5+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men05 = str_pca_pfc-men05 + itb_pca-menge.
                    WHEN w_date6+0(6).
                      str_pca_pfc-men06 = str_pca_pfc-men06 + itb_pca-menge.
                  ENDCASE.
                ENDIF."NOT itb_pca-menge IS INITIAL
              ELSEIF str_index5 > str_index3_eord.
                w_index_pca = sy-tabix.
                EXIT.
              ENDIF.
            ENDLOOP."itb_pca
    *. Equilibrer commande / prévision des mois : diminuer la quantité de
    prévision de chaque mois par le portefeuille de commande client du
    mois*. Si ce solde est négatif alors lui donner la valeur 0.
            w_i = 0.
          Ajustement commandes/prévisions pour les mois M à M+6
            WHILE w_i .
            Pour un mois, SI Prévisions > Commandes en cours
              IF .
              Prévisions = Prévisions - Commandes en cours
                 = 0.
              ENDIF.
            On passe au mois suivant
              w_i = w_i + 1.
            ENDWHILE.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men00 TO itb_prev_cde-men00.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men01 TO itb_prev_cde-men01.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men02 TO itb_prev_cde-men02.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men03 TO itb_prev_cde-men03.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men04 TO itb_prev_cde-men04.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men05 TO itb_prev_cde-men05.
            MOVE str_prev_pfc-men06 TO itb_prev_cde-men06.
     

    Hi
    You check in SM50 by executing the programing, You will come to know which select is taking more time and accordingly you modify that select.
    You can do SQL trace and Run time analysis and analyse and see.
    check this and use
    1) Dont use nested select statements
    2) If possible use for all entries in addition
    3) In the where addition make sure you give all the primary key
    4) Use Index for the selection criteria.
    5) You can also use inner joins
    6) You can try to put the data from the first select statement into an Itab and then in order to select the data from the second table use for all entries in.
    7) Use the runtime analysis SE30 and SQL Trace (ST05) to identify the performance and also to identify where the load is heavy, so that you can change the code accordingly
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/5d0db4c9-0e01-0010-b68f-9b1408d5f234
    ABAP performance depends upon various factors and in devicded in three parts:
    1. Database
    2. ABAP
    3. System
    Run Any program using SE30 (performance analys) to improve performance refer to tips and trics section of SE30, Always remember that ABAP perfirmance is improved when there is least load on Database.
    u can get an interactive grap in SE30 regarding this with a file.
    also if u find runtime of parts of codes then use :
    Switch on RTA Dynamically within ABAP Code
    *To turn runtim analysis on within ABAP code insert the following code
    SET RUN TIME ANALYZER ON.
    *To turn runtim analysis off within ABAP code insert the following code
    SET RUN TIME ANALYZER OFF.
    Always check the driver internal tables is not empty, while using FOR ALL ENTRIES
    Avoid for all entries in JOINS
    Try to avoid joins and use FOR ALL ENTRIES.
    Try to restrict the joins to 1 level only ie only for tables
    Avoid using Select *.
    Avoid having multiple Selects from the same table in the same object.
    Try to minimize the number of variables to save memory.
    The sequence of fields in 'where clause' must be as per primary/secondary index ( if any)
    Avoid creation of index as far as possible
    Avoid operators like <>, > , < & like % in where clause conditions
    Avoid select/select single statements in loops.
    Try to use 'binary search' in READ internal table. Ensure table is sorted before using BINARY SEARCH.
    Avoid using aggregate functions (SUM, MAX etc) in selects ( GROUP BY , HAVING,)
    Avoid using ORDER BY in selects
    Avoid Nested Selects
    Avoid Nested Loops of Internal Tables
    Try to use FIELD SYMBOLS.
    Try to avoid into Corresponding Fields of
    Avoid using Select Distinct, Use DELETE ADJACENT
    Check the following Links
    Re: performance tuning
    Re: Performance tuning of program
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/performance.htm
    http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
    check the below link
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
    See the following link if it's any help:
    http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
    Check also http://service.sap.com/performance
    and
    books like
    http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H951
    http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H973
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
    http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
    Performance tuning for Data Selection Statement
    http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
    Debugger
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
    http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
    Run Time Analyser
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617cafe68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
    SQL trace
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d1/801f7c454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
    CATT - Computer Aided Testing Too
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b3/410b37233f7c6fe10000009b38f936/frameset.htm
    Test Workbench
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a8/157235d0fa8742e10000009b38f889/frameset.htm
    Coverage Analyser
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c7/af9a79061a11d4b3d4080009b43351/content.htm
    Runtime Monitor
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b5/fa121cc15911d5993d00508b6b8b11/content.htm
    Memory Inspector
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a2/e5fc84cc87964cb2c29f584152d74e/content.htm
    ECATT - Extended Computer Aided testing tool.
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/20/e81c3b84e65e7be10000000a11402f/frameset.htm
    Just refer to these links...
    performance
    Performance
    Performance Guide
    performance issues...
    Performance Tuning
    Performance issues
    performance tuning
    performance tuning
    You can go to the transaction SE30 to have the runtime analysis of your program.Also try the transaction SCI , which is SAP Code Inspector.
    1 Always check the driver internal tables is not empty, while using FOR ALL ENTRIES
    2 Avoid for all entries in JOINS
    3 Try to avoid joins and use FOR ALL ENTRIES.
    4 Try to restrict the joins to 1 level only ie only for 2 tables
    5 Avoid using Select *.
    6 Avoid having multiple Selects from the same table in the same object.
    7 Try to minimize the number of variables to save memory.
    8 The sequence of fields in 'where clause' must be as per primary/secondary index ( if any)
    9 Avoid creation of index as far as possible
    10 Avoid operators like <>, > , < & like % in where clause conditions
    11 Avoid select/select single statements in loops.
    12 Try to use 'binary search' in READ internal table. Ensure table is sorted before using BINARY SEARCH.
    13 Avoid using aggregate functions (SUM, MAX etc) in selects ( GROUP BY , HAVING,)
    14 Avoid using ORDER BY in selects
    15 Avoid Nested Selects
    16 Avoid Nested Loops of Internal Tables
    17 Try to use FIELD SYMBOLS.
    18 Try to avoid into Corresponding Fields of
    19 Avoid using Select Distinct, Use DELETE ADJACENT.
    Regards
    Anji

  • Need suggestion to improve the performence of the report execution

    Hi all,
    I have to improve the performence of the report . I am executing the report in foreground. First time it is giving after running 6 mins . If i execute again It is giving the output.
    I am using innner join between EKKO and EKPO. When I see the report in debugging, this is the select talking long time to execute then it is giving dump.
    what all the things i need to take  care .
    Please suggest any advicess to over  the issue.
    Thanks,
    Ajay

    in sap tip-tricks:
    Nested Select statements
    Runtime: 4,641 microseconds
    SELECT * FROM SPFLI INTO SPFLI_WA.
      SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO SFLIGHT_WA
          WHERE CARRID = SPFLI_WA-CARRID
            AND CONNID = SPFLI_WA-CONNID.
      ENDSELECT.
    ENDSELECT.
    Select with join
    Runtime: 5,080 microseconds
    SELECT * INTO WA
        FROM SPFLI AS P INNER JOIN SFLIGHT AS F
          ON P~CARRID = F~CARRID AND
             P~CONNID = F~CONNID.
    ENDSELECT

  • Bind variables improve the performence of  query??

    Hi,
    Bind variables improve the performence of program or SQL Query.
    Select empno,ename,sal from emp where empno=:eno;
    select sal into :vno from emp;
    According to these queries i am asking performence of bind variables to learn more from you.
    Regards,
    Venkat.
    Edited by: Venkata2 on Sep 16, 2008 6:40 PM

    Karthick_Arp wrote:
    any variable inside a stored procedure is a bind variable.
    using bind variables can help you avoid hard parse. which leads to performance improvement.
    Well, you mentioned pros and I will mention cons. Since bind variable value is not known until execution time optimizer can not select best plan. So Oracle introduced bind variable peeking where plan is deferred until first execution. With bind variable peeking optimizer costructs plan using bind variable values at the first execution. However, if first execution has "not typical" bind variable values we end up with sub-optimal plan.
    SY.
    P.S. Please do not consider my reply as "we should not use bind variables".

  • How has moving the Home button and the refresh button improved Firefox? Peo grow accustomed to the location of features, moving them does not improve the browser.

    Moving the location of features such as the Home button and the sometimes refresh button does not improve the function of the browser. It simply forces users to re-learn the location of these features and put up with the associated inconvenience. Why, what have you gained?

    what a ridiculous reply. moving the home button is a pain when it has been on he left for many years now. why the change? are you trying to mimic ie? i hope not.
    it doesn't create more space on the toolbar - in fact he default setting for firefox 4 removes space. by moving the home buttons and other buttons back it increases the space back to where it was before.
    also why did the history button change to be a button on its own rather thn attached to the forward / back buttons?
    to say it's not worth changing it for one person is a nonsense answer. i know loads of people who say it sucks so have had to customize it to change it back to how it was.

  • Does aperture require a dedicated video card? If not a requirement? does it improve the performance of aperture?

    Does aperture require a dedicated video card? If not a requirement? does it improve the performance of aperture?

    Aperture can work with integrated video, but the consensus here is that Aperture is fairly demanding when it comes to graphics cards, as it relies on them for various processes. So, if you have the option to get a machine with a dedicated video chipset, do so.

  • How to improve the performence of trigger

    Below is the problem description.
    Data from CSV file is getting loaded into table A (through a package) . Table A has a trigger on it, which in turn loads data into Table B. The trigger does a look up to get a value from master table.
    This whole process doesn't take much time when the CSV file size is small, say 1000 records. But When I have more than 10,000 records it takes between 4-5 minutes.
    Is there any way to improve the performance of trigger. It's the lookup that is causing performance issue.
    Let me know if I am not clear. Any help is appreciated.
    Thanks,
    Reks

    Well, the fastest approach would be to dump the trigger entirely and have your ETL package directly load both table A & B with a couple of INSERT INTO SELECT statements or a single INSERT ALL. Whether this is practical, though, is something you'd have to answer for us. A trigger firing is going to interfere with the efficiency of a pure SQL approach since it's going to generate a couple of context shifts from the SQL enging to the PL/SQL engine, among other issues.
    I'm assuming that the CSV file is getting exposed to your ETL package as an external table or you're using SQL*Loader to load a staging table and your package references that. If you've got PL/SQL using UTL_FILE to parse data from a file, that's going to be rather slow.
    Is your lookup as efficient as it can be (if you're getting a single row result, I assume that this query is using an appropriate index on the table you're looking up)?
    Justin

  • Dropping a table does not remove the entry from USER_OBJECTS

    Hi,
    While dropping a table with "cascade constraints" option, I find that no. of objects in the user_objects table does not decrease. Only "Object_Name" is updated to a value like "BIN$K+97YWCIcRTgRAASeZWmDQ==$0"..
    Can you please help me to find out the reason.
    Thanks in advance..
    Rgds,
    Anjan

    Thanks both of u for ur reply..
    sorry for not mentioning the version of db, it is 10.2.0.2.0..
    I've applied purge statement and it has removed the table from the recycle bin and user_objects table as well.
    Now, is recycle bin got empty after perticular time duration? can we recover table from the recycle bin?
    Thanks,
    Anjan

  • AddAnotherRow of Advanced Table, does not make the new row as current row

    Hi OAF Gurus,
    Requirement:
    When user presses 'AddAnotherRow' button on OAAvancedTable, the new row that gets added should become the current row of the underlying VO of the table.
    What’s happening:
    When user presses 'AddAnotherRow' button on OAAvancedTable, the new row is not the current Row(VO’s previous current row retains its current status)
    What I tried by far
    APPROACH #1 - when create row
    In VORowImpl - override create and set this new row as current
    public void create(AttributeList attributeList)
    try
    super.create(attributeList);
    // PSUDO CODE
    am = this.getApplicationModule
    vo = am.findViewObject("OAAdvancedTableVO1");
    vo.setCurrentRow(this) // this should set the new row to current.
    But VO's current row is still the old current row and not this new row.
    APPROACH #2 - when insert Row
    I thought that AddAnotherRow , internally must be doing a create() then an insert() row on the VO, so i overridden the insertRow(row) of the VO
    public void insertRow(Row row)
    super.insertRow(row);
    this.setCurrentRow(row)
    System.out.println("COMMENT insert called .............................................");
    But this method is never called by the framework.
    ***Please help me make the newly created row on the OAAdvancedTable using 'AddAnotherRow' (out of the Box) , as the currentRow of the underlying VO***
    Thanks
    Chaitanya

    Thanks a lot Chris.
    I have used your code and it works perfect.
    Now I am not using the out-of-the-box AddAnotherRow, as it does not make the newly added Row as 'currentRow' of the VO
    I have used the following code by Chris and it solves the issue.
    1. Determine the number of already displayed rows on the table
    OAAdvancedTableBean tableBean = (OAAdvancedTableBean) webBean.findChildRecursive(tableID);
    int rowsDisplayed = tableBean.getNumberOfRowsDisplayed();
    replace tableID with the actual value.
    2. I have the following routine to create the row and set it as the current row.
    OAViewObject viewObject = (OAViewObject) findViewObject(viewObjectName);
    int rowCountInRange = viewObject.getRowCountInRange();
    Row row = viewObject.createRow();
    int insertIndex = rowCountInRange;
    if (rowCountInRange == rowsDisplayed) {
    insertIndex = rowCountInRange - 1;
    viewObject.insertRowAtRangeIndex(insertIndex, row);
    viewObject.setCurrentRow(row);
    Thanks again all of you for help
    Regards
    Chaitanya

  • Hi how to avoid nested loops in this program to improve the performence

    Hi all
    How to avoide the nested loops in this programing what is the replacement for the nested loops in this program coding......
    LOOP AT itb_ekpo.
        READ TABLE itb_marc WITH KEY
           matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
           werks = itb_ekpo-werks BINARY SEARCH.
        CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
    FAE 26446 fin remplacement
        itb_pca-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln.
        itb_pca-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
      itb_pca-lifnr = itb_ekko-lifnr.   "-FAE26446
        itb_pca-lifnr = itb_ekpo-lifnr.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-ekgrp = itb_ekpo-ekgrp.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-dispo = itb_ekpo-dispo.                         "+FAE26446
        itb_pca-matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr.
        itb_pca-werks = itb_ekpo-werks.
      Recherche du libellé article
        READ TABLE itb_makt
                   WITH KEY matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
                            spras = text-fra
                   BINARY SEARCH.
        IF sy-subrc = 0.
          itb_pca-maktx = itb_makt-maktx.
        ELSE.
          READ TABLE itb_makt
                    WITH KEY matnr = itb_ekpo-matnr
                             spras = text-ang
                    BINARY SEARCH.
          IF sy-subrc = 0.
            itb_pca-maktx = itb_makt-maktx.
          ENDIF.
        ENDIF.
        IF NOT itb_ekpo-bpumn IS INITIAL.
          itb_pca-menge = itb_ekpo-menge * itb_ekpo-bpumz /
                                           itb_ekpo-bpumn.
        ENDIF.
      Sélect° ds la table EKES des dates de livraisons et des qtés
      en transit
        CLEAR w_temoin_ar.
        CLEAR w_etens.
        LOOP AT itb_ekes
                FROM w_index_ekes.
          IF  itb_ekes-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_ekes-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            IF itb_ekes-ebtyp = text-arn.
              itb_pca-eindt = itb_ekes-eindt.
              w_temoin_ar = 'X'.
            ELSE.
            Si c'est une qté en transit alors on recupere
            la quantité et la date.
              IF itb_ekes-dabmg < itb_ekes-menge.
                itb_pca-qtran = itb_pca-qtran + itb_ekes-menge -
                                itb_ekes-dabmg.
              ENDIF.
              IF itb_ekes-etens > w_etens.
                w_etens = itb_ekes-etens.
                itb_pca-dtran = itb_ekes-eindt.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_ekes-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR ( itb_ekes-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_ekes-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_ekes = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
      S'il n'y a pas d'AR alors récupérat° de la date livraison dans EKET.
        LOOP AT itb_eket
                FROM w_index_eket.
          IF  itb_eket-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_eket-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            IF w_temoin_ar IS INITIAL.
              itb_pca-eindt = itb_eket-eindt.
            ENDIF.
            itb_pca-slfdt = itb_eket-slfdt.
          Calcul du portefeuille fournisseur à partir de la
          qté commandée et la qté reçue
            itb_pca-attdu = itb_pca-attdu + itb_eket-menge -
                            itb_eket-wemng.
          Calcul du montant du poste
            itb_pca-netpr = itb_ekpo-netpr * itb_pca-attdu.
            IF itb_ekpo-peinh NE 0.
              itb_pca-netpr = itb_pca-netpr / itb_ekpo-peinh.
            ENDIF.
          Calcul quantité réceptionnée.
            itb_pca-wemng = itb_pca-wemng + itb_eket-wemng.
          Calcul du retard en nombre de jours calendaires
          Le calcul du retard  ne doit pas prendre en compte
          le jour de livraison
            ADD 1 TO itb_eket-eindt.
            IF NOT itb_pca-attdu  IS INITIAL
            AND    itb_eket-eindt LT sy-datum.
            Calcul du retard en nombre de jours ouvrés
              CLEAR w_retard.
              CALL FUNCTION 'Z_00_BC_WORKDAYS_PER_PERIOD'
                   EXPORTING
                        date_deb = itb_eket-eindt
                        date_fin = sy-datum
                   IMPORTING
                        jours    = w_retard.
              itb_pca-rtard = itb_pca-rtard + w_retard .
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_eket-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR (   itb_eket-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND    itb_eket-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_eket = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
      Recherche de la derniere date de livraison.
        LOOP AT itb_mseg
                FROM w_index_mseg.
          IF  itb_mseg-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND itb_mseg-ebelp = itb_ekpo-ebelp.
            READ TABLE itb_mkpf
                       WITH KEY mblnr = itb_mseg-mblnr
                                mjahr = itb_mseg-mjahr
                       BINARY SEARCH.
            IF sy-subrc = 0.
              IF itb_mkpf-bldat > itb_pca-bldat.
                itb_pca-bldat = itb_mkpf-bldat.
              ENDIF.
            ENDIF.
          ELSEIF itb_mseg-ebeln > itb_ekpo-ebeln
          OR (   itb_mseg-ebeln = itb_ekpo-ebeln
          AND    itb_mseg-ebelp > itb_ekpo-ebelp ).
            w_index_mseg = sy-tabix.
            EXIT.
          ENDIF.
        ENDLOOP.
        APPEND itb_pca.
        CLEAR itb_pca.
    FAE26446 suppression parag. suivant
         ELSEIF itb_ekpo-ebeln > itb_ekko-ebeln.
           w_index_ekpo = sy-tabix.
           EXIT.
         ENDIF.
       ENDLOOP.
    Fin FAE26446
      ENDLOOP.
    Thanks in advance for all.....

    Hi
    these are the performance tips
    Instead of using nested Select loops it is often better to use subqueries.
    SELECT * FROM SPFLI
      INTO TABLE T_SPFLI
      WHERE CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
        AND CITYTO = 'NEW YORK'.
    SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT AS F
        INTO SFLIGHT_WA
        FOR ALL ENTRIES IN T_SPFLI
        WHERE SEATSOCC < F~SEATSMAX
          AND CARRID = T_SPFLI-CARRID
          AND CONNID = T_SPFLI-CONNID
          AND FLDATE BETWEEN '19990101' AND '19990331'.
    ENDSELECT.
    The above mentioned code can be even more optimized by using subqueries instead of for all entries.
    SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT AS F INTO SFLIGHT_WA
        WHERE SEATSOCC < F~SEATSMAX
          AND EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM SPFLI
                         WHERE CARRID = F~CARRID
                           AND CONNID = F~CONNID
                           AND CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
                           AND CITYTO = 'NEW YORK' )
          AND FLDATE BETWEEN '19990101' AND '19990331'.
    ENDSELECT.
    <b>Internal Tables</b>
    1.     Table operations should be done using explicit work areas rather than via header lines.
    2.     Always try to use binary search instead of linear search. But don’t forget to sort your internal table before that.
    3.     A dynamic key access is slower than a static one, since the key specification must be evaluated at runtime.
    4.     A binary search using secondary index takes considerably less time.
    5.     LOOP ... WHERE is faster than LOOP/CHECK because LOOP ... WHERE evaluates the specified condition internally.
    6.     Modifying selected components using “ MODIFY itab …TRANSPORTING f1 f2.. “ accelerates the task of updating  a line of an internal table.
    Point # 2
    READ TABLE ITAB INTO WA WITH KEY K = 'X‘ BINARY SEARCH.
    IS MUCH FASTER THAN USING
    READ TABLE ITAB INTO WA WITH KEY K = 'X'.
    If TAB has n entries, linear search runs in O( n ) time, whereas binary search takes only O( log2( n ) ).
    Point # 3
    READ TABLE ITAB INTO WA WITH KEY K = 'X'. IS FASTER THAN USING
    READ TABLE ITAB INTO WA WITH KEY (NAME) = 'X'.
    Point # 5
    LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA WHERE K = 'X'.
    ENDLOOP.
    The above code is much faster than using
    LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA.
      CHECK WA-K = 'X'.
    ENDLOOP.
    Point # 6
    WA-DATE = SY-DATUM.
    MODIFY ITAB FROM WA INDEX 1 TRANSPORTING DATE.
    The above code is more optimized as compared to
    WA-DATE = SY-DATUM.
    MODIFY ITAB FROM WA INDEX 1.
    7.     Accessing the table entries directly in a "LOOP ... ASSIGNING ..." accelerates the task of updating a set of lines of an internal table considerably
    8.    If collect semantics is required, it is always better to use to COLLECT rather than READ BINARY and then ADD.
    9.    "APPEND LINES OF itab1 TO itab2" accelerates the task of appending a table to another table considerably as compared to “ LOOP-APPEND-ENDLOOP.”
    10.   “DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES“ accelerates the task of deleting duplicate entries considerably as compared to “ READ-LOOP-DELETE-ENDLOOP”.
    11.   "DELETE itab FROM ... TO ..." accelerates the task of deleting a sequence of lines considerably as compared to “  DO -DELETE-ENDDO”.
    Point # 7
    Modifying selected components only makes the program faster as compared to Modifying all lines completely.
    e.g,
    LOOP AT ITAB ASSIGNING <WA>.
      I = SY-TABIX MOD 2.
      IF I = 0.
        <WA>-FLAG = 'X'.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
    The above code works faster as compared to
    LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA.
      I = SY-TABIX MOD 2.
      IF I = 0.
        WA-FLAG = 'X'.
        MODIFY ITAB FROM WA.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
    Point # 8
    LOOP AT ITAB1 INTO WA1.
      READ TABLE ITAB2 INTO WA2 WITH KEY K = WA1-K BINARY SEARCH.
      IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
        ADD: WA1-VAL1 TO WA2-VAL1,
             WA1-VAL2 TO WA2-VAL2.
        MODIFY ITAB2 FROM WA2 INDEX SY-TABIX TRANSPORTING VAL1 VAL2.
      ELSE.
        INSERT WA1 INTO ITAB2 INDEX SY-TABIX.
      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
    The above code uses BINARY SEARCH for collect semantics. READ BINARY runs in O( log2(n) ) time. The above piece of code can be more optimized by
    LOOP AT ITAB1 INTO WA.
      COLLECT WA INTO ITAB2.
    ENDLOOP.
    SORT ITAB2 BY K.
    COLLECT, however, uses a hash algorithm and is therefore independent
    of the number of entries (i.e. O(1)) .
    Point # 9
    APPEND LINES OF ITAB1 TO ITAB2.
    This is more optimized as compared to
    LOOP AT ITAB1 INTO WA.
      APPEND WA TO ITAB2.
    ENDLOOP.
    Point # 10
    DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ITAB COMPARING K.
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    READ TABLE ITAB INDEX 1 INTO PREV_LINE.
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        DELETE ITAB.
      ELSE.
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      ENDIF.
    ENDLOOP.
    Point # 11
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    This is much more optimized as compared to
    DO 101 TIMES.
      DELETE ITAB INDEX 450.
    ENDDO.
    12.   Copying internal tables by using “ITAB2[ ] = ITAB1[ ]” as compared to “LOOP-APPEND-ENDLOOP”.
    13.   Specify the sort key as restrictively as possible to run the program faster.
    Point # 12
    ITAB2[] = ITAB1[].
    This is much more optimized as compared to
    REFRESH ITAB2.
    LOOP AT ITAB1 INTO WA.
      APPEND WA TO ITAB2.
    ENDLOOP.
    Point # 13
    “SORT ITAB BY K.” makes the program runs faster as compared to “SORT ITAB.”
    Internal Tables         contd…
    Hashed and Sorted tables
    1.     For single read access hashed tables are more optimized as compared to sorted tables.
    2.      For partial sequential access sorted tables are more optimized as compared to hashed tables
    Hashed And Sorted Tables
    Point # 1
    Consider the following example where HTAB is a hashed table and STAB is a sorted table
    DO 250 TIMES.
      N = 4 * SY-INDEX.
      READ TABLE HTAB INTO WA WITH TABLE KEY K = N.
      IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
      ENDIF.
    ENDDO.
    This runs faster for single read access as compared to the following same code for sorted table
    DO 250 TIMES.
      N = 4 * SY-INDEX.
      READ TABLE STAB INTO WA WITH TABLE KEY K = N.
      IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
      ENDIF.
    ENDDO.
    Point # 2
    Similarly for Partial Sequential access the STAB runs faster as compared to HTAB
    LOOP AT STAB INTO WA WHERE K = SUBKEY.
    ENDLOOP.
    This runs faster as compared to
    LOOP AT HTAB INTO WA WHERE K = SUBKEY.
    ENDLOOP.
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        lfa1~name1 AS vendname
        bsak~bukrs AS compcode
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        bsak~projk AS contract
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    Moderator message - Welcome to SCN
    Please see Please Read before Posting in the Performance and Tuning Forum before posting in this forum. there are some things you need to take care of first. - post locked
    Please read [Rules of Engagement|https://wiki.sdn.sap.com/wiki/display/HOME/RulesofEngagement], How to post code in SCN, and some things NOT to do... and [Asking Good Questions in the Forums to get Good Answers|/people/rob.burbank/blog/2010/05/12/asking-good-questions-in-the-forums-to-get-good-answers] before posting again.
    Rob

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  • How to improve the performance of the application

    Hi,
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    Warun

    The system configuration is more than enough to run java applications.
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