Alter database OR alter system?? what is the logic?

Hi,
this is just a general question not related to any particular issue. I seem to be missing the logic behind when we need to use the "alter system ... " statements and when we need to use the "alter database ..." statements. Is there a logic I can use to guess ? Or we only need to remember them (or look up for them)?
Let's take an example.
alter database archivelog; & alter system checkpoint;
OR
alter database add logfile; & alter system set undo_retention=800;
If you have a key that can be generally applied please let me know as I am not able to find it. Thank you,
enrico

I am not sure if there is a general rule but this is what I use:
alter database is about modifying the database architecture, like data files, archived log files etc.
alter system is about modifying the instance. so, you are modifying the way oracle runs. Remember that all parameters should be done with alter system (like undo_retention)
hope this will help you.

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