Apple apps not launching since OS X Yosemite (Macbook Pro medio 2009)

Question

Hi,
Since I downloaded OS X Yosemite from the App Store and updated my operating system, I haven't been able to open certain Apple applications, like Mail, iCal, Calculator, Safari. Other applications, like Chrome, Firefox, CleanMyMac or Coda 2.5 are working just fine. I can't even get the App Store to launch. I tried opening the apps through Spotlight, the dock and via Finder, but nothing works.
My Macbook Pro is from medio 2009 and runs Yosemite fine except for the apps not launching. I can't check my system specifications, because ...these also won't launch.
Suggestions anyone? Perhaps this is a familiar problem.
Thanks

Answer 1

Here is the only viable solution for that:
Install or Reinstall Mavericks, Lion/Mountain Lion from Scratch
Be sure you backup your files to an external drive or second internal drive because the following procedure will remove everything from the hard drive.
Boot to the Recovery HD:
Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the COMMAND and R keys until the menu screen appears. Alternatively, restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the OPTION key until the boot manager screen appears. Select the Recovery HD and click on the downward pointing arrow button.
Erase the hard drive:
  1. Select Disk Utility from the main menu and click on the Continue button.
  2. After DU loads select your startup volume (usually Macintosh HD) from the
      left side list. Click on the Erase tab in the DU main window.
  3. Set the format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.) Optionally, click on
        the Security button and set the Zero Data option to one-pass. Click on
      the Erase button and wait until the process has completed.
  4. Quit DU and return to the main menu.
Reinstall Lion/Mountain Lion, Mavericks: Select Reinstall Lion/Mountain Lion, Mavericks and click on the Install button.
Note: You will need an active Internet connection. I suggest using Ethernet if possible
            because it is three times faster than wireless.