Ask the Expert: Layer 2 Security on Cisco Catalyst Platforms

With Wilson Bonilla
Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation.  This  is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about about issues in designing, planning, and implementing Layer 2 security in your LAN network with expert Wilson Bonilla. 
Wilson will cover topics that network engineers face daily such as Spanning Tree Protocol security, private VLANs, IP source guard, protected ports, dynamic ARP inspection, virtual LAN access-control lists (VLAN ACLs), and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) snooping over Cisco Catalyst platforms.  With the fast growth of networks, Layer 2 security is even more critical in the LAN to help your network become more reliable, efficient, and secure. Wilson will answer your questions about LAN networks with Cisco Catalyst switches.  
Wilson Bonilla is a technical networking trainer at the Learning and Development Department for Cisco Technical Assistance Center located in Costa Rica. Before joining the Training Department, he worked for the Cisco TAC as a customer support engineer focused on LAN Switching for more than two years. While working on LAN switching, Wilson also had roles such as technical leader and trainer, adding to his area of expertise in Cisco Catalyst Layer 2 switching. He has CCNP routing and switching certification and is currently studying to achieve his CCNA certification in data center.
Remember to use the rating system to let Wilson know if you've received an adequate response. 
Because of the volume expected during this event, Wilson might not be able to answer every question. Remember that you can continue the conversation in the Network Infrastructure community, subcommunity, LAN, Switching and Routing, shortly after the event. This event lasts through November, 2013. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and those of other Cisco Support Community members.

Hello NetNavi.
Check the post above about MacSec for more information and let me know if you need further clarification, if so I will do my best,
In regards to best practices there is a Cisco document; it describes deployments and best practices in every scenario; Supplicants, authenticator, authentication services and other configurations. Please check it out:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6586/ps6638/deploy_guide_c17-663760.html
In regards to Private VLANS:
What is a Private Vlan?
A private Vlan is a way to isolate hosts within the same Vlan or broadcast domain. So even when you might have devices sharing the same broadcast domain they can be isolated, this isolated is configured based on sub-domains also most often called primary and secondary Vlans.
What is a primary Vlan?
The primary Vlan is representation of the private Vlan, a primary Vlan has one or more secondary Vlans, a switch uses the primary Vlan to present traffic from the secondary Vlans to its neighboring devices.
What is a secondary Vlan?
A secondary Vlan is a sub-domain of the primary Vlan. We could say that the secondary Vlans belongs to the primary. The must be associated to a primary Vlan. There are two types of secondary vlans: Isolated and Community secondary Vlans.
What does it happen to host within a secondary isolated Vlan?
Host within the isolated vlan; can’t communicate to neither other host in the same isoalted vlan nor host in a community vlan.
What does it happen to host within the secondary community Vlan?
Host within the community Vlan can communicate with other host assigned to the same community vlan, but they can’t talk to host in other community vlans.
What are the benefits of implementing private Vlans?
Scalability: The most common scenario is a service provider. Imagine all customers of a service provider connected through DSL, cable modem… it’s very likely that all customers belong to the same broadcast domain, however if that’s the case why is it that I can’t use my neighbor’s printer, or maybe why is it that I can’t access the files he has store in his computer, (security) we are in the same broadcast shouldn’t I be able to at least ping his ip address?. Well that’s because the ISP must guarantee some type of security for their customers, and because put every single customer that they have in a single Vlan is not scalable they use private Vlans.
Examples:
ISP use private vlans to protect from security bridges, Private vlans and isolated Vlans are used to protect personal information for example from one customer to another.
DMZ; Many implementations utilizes private vlans in a DMZ to limt or minimize that risk of a compromised server.
I would like to share this documentation with you for further information and configuration guidelines
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk814/technologies_configuration_example09186a008017acad.shtml#hw
This document explains what Cisco Catalyst switches support Private Vlans. 
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/products_tech_note09186a0080094830.shtml
Let me know if you have further questions.
Regards
Wilson B.

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    Hello Mobile Service,
    CWMS and Jabber integrations:
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/voice_ip_comm/jabber/Windows/9_1/JABW_BK_E4CC9599_00_environment-configuration-guide_chapter_01.html#JABW_TK_SF2ED5E1_00
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    Attached CWMS - AFDS integration doc.
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  • Ask the Expert: Packet Capture Capabilities of Cisco Routers and Switches

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    Hello Erick
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    Destination Address - 123.123.123.123
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    Destination Address - 123.123.123.123
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         I have changed the colors for better understanding. If you notice carefully in the trigger the values for ip address, labels have just been converted to their respective hex values which could be replaced.
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    With Dejan Petrovic
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    Hello Sebastian,
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    Thanks,
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  • Ask The Expert: Understanding, Implementing, and Troubleshooting Cisco Prime Network

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    Hello Jerome,
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    "Cisco Prime Network Supported Cisco Virtual Network Elements (VNEs)"
    "Cisco Prime Network Supported Cisco VNEs - Addendum"
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    http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/cloud-systems-management/prime-network/products-user-guide-list.html
    Hope this would help in providing you more clarity.
    ***********Plz do rate this post if you found it helpful*************************
    Thanks & Regards,
    Vignesh R P

  • Ask the Expert:Cisco Web Security

    With Ryan Wager
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    Yes, the IronPort WSA will support all the security functions including Anti-Virus, Anti-Malware, Anti-Spyware, Web Reputation when working in conjunction with an existing proxy.
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    You may refer to the following links for more information:
    WSA Product Literature: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps10164/prod_literature.html
    Cisco Security Reports: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/vpndevc/annual_security_report.html
    Cisco Security Intelligence Operations: http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/home.x

  • Ask the Expert: Introduction to Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) version 9.x (Context Aware Security and VPN Features)

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    Webcast related links:
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    Video Recording of the live webcast
    Introduction to Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) version 9.x (Context Aware Security and VPN Features): FAQ from live webcast

    Hello Namit and Rahul,
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    1)      How is ASA CX different from other UTM solutions ?
    2)      How is dynamic application inspection of CX better than other inspection engines  ?
    3)      What features or functionalities on the CX are available by default ?
    4)      what are the different ways we can run or install CX on the ASA platform ?
    5)      What VPN features are supported with multi context ASA in the 9.x release ?
    6)      What are the IPv6 Enhancements in the ASA version 9.x ?
    Request you to please provide your responses to them individually.
    Thanks.

  • Ask the Expert: Configuration, Design, and Troubleshooting of Cisco Nexus 1000

    With Louis Watta
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    Remember to use the rating system to let Louis know if you have received an adequate response.
    Louis might not be able to answer each question because of the volume expected during this event. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the Data Center community Unified Computing shortly after the event.
    This event lasts through Friday, JUne 14, 2013. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other Cisco Support Community members.
    Webcast related links:
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    Webcast Video Recording

    Right now there is only a few features that are not supported on N1Kv on Hyper-V
    They are VXLAN and QOS Fair Weighted Queuing. We are currently demoing VXLAN functionality at Microsoft TechEd Conference this week in New Orleans. So VXLAN support should be coming soon. I can't give you a specific timeline.
    For Fair Weighted Queuing I'm not sure. In the VMware world we take advantage of NETIOC infrastructure. In the MS world they do not have a NETIOC infrastructure that we can use to create a similar feature.
    Code base parity (as in VMware and Hyper-V VSMs running NXOS 5.x) will happen with the next major N1KV release for ESX.
    Let me know if that doesn't answer your question.
    thanks
    louis

  • Ask the Expert: Cisco BYOD Wireless Solution: ISE and WLC Integration

    With Jacob Ideji, Richard Hamby  and Raphael Ohaemenyi   
    Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about  the new Identity Solutions Engine (ISE) and Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) hardware/software, integration, features, specifications, client details, or just questions about  Cisco's Bring-your-own device (BYOD) solution with cisco Experts Richard Hamby, Jacob Ideji, and Raphael Ohaemenyi. The interest in BYOD (Bring You Own Device) solutions in the enterprise has grown exponentially as guests and company users increasingly desire to use personal devices to access .  Cisco BYOD enhances user experience and productivity while providing security, ease-of-administration, and performance. The heart of the Cisco wireless BYOD solution is Identity Solutions Engine (ISE) utilizing the Cisco Unified Wireless portfolio.  Starting with ISE v1.1.1MR and WLC (Wireless LAN Controller) code v7.2.110.0 and higher, end-to-end wireless BYOD integration is reality. 
    Jacob Ideji is the technical team lead in the Cisco authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) security team in Richardson, Texas. During his four years of experience at Cisco he has worked with Cisco VPN products, Cisco Network Admission Control (NAC) Appliance, Cisco Secure Access Control Server, and Dot1x technology as well as the current Cisco Identity Services Engine. He has a total of more than 12 years experience in the networking industry. Ideji holds CCNA, CCNP, CCSP, CCDA, CCDP, and CISM certifications from Cisco plus other industry certifications.
    Richard Hamby  works on the Cisco BYOD Plan, Design, Implement (PDI) Help Desk for Borderless Networks, where he is the subject matter expert on wireless, supporting partners in the deployment of Cisco Unified Wireless and Identity Services Engine solutions. Prior to his current position, Hamby was a customer support engineer with the Cisco Technical Assistance Center for 3 years on the authentication, authorization, accounting (AAA) and wireless technology teams. 
    Raphael Ohaemenyi  Raphael Ohaemenyi is a customer support engineer with the authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) team in the Technical Assistance Center in Richardson, Texas, where he supports Cisco customers in identity management technologies. His areas of expertise include Cisco Access Control Server, Cisco Network Admission Control (NAC) Appliance, Cisco Identity Services Engine, and IEEE 802.1X technologies. He has been at Cisco for more than 2 years and has worked in the networking industry for 8 years. He holds CCNP, CCDP, and CCSP certification.
    Remember to use the rating system to let Jacob, Richard and Raphael know if you have received an adequate response.  
    Jacob, Richard and Raphael might not be able to answer each question due to the volume expected during this event. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the wireless mobility sub community forum shortly after the event. This event lasts through Oct 5th, 2012. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other community members.

    OOPS !!
    I will repost the whole messaqge with the correct external URL's:
    In  general, the Trustsec design and deployment guides address the specific  support for the various features of the 'whole' Cisco TS (and other  security) solution frameworks.  And then a drill-down (usually the  proper links are embedded) to the specifc feature, and then that feature  on a given device.  TS 2.1 defines the use of ISE or ACS5 as the policy  server, and confiugration examples for the platforms will include and  refer to them.
    TrustSec Home Page
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns1051/index.html
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns170/ns896/ns1051/product_bulletin_c25-712066.html
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/vpndevc/ps5712/ps11637/ps11195/at_a_glance_c45-654884.pdf
    I find this page very helpful as a top-level start to what features and capabilities exist per device:
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/ns170/ns896/ns1051/trustsec_matrix.html
    The TS 2.1 Design Guides
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/ns340/ns414/ns742/ns744/landing_DesignZone_TrustSec.html
    DesignZone has some updated docs as well
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns982/networking_solutions_program_home.html#~bng
    As  the SGT functionality (at this point) is really more of a  router/LAN/client solution, the most detailed information will be in the  IOS TS guides like :
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/6_x/nx-os/security/configuration/guide/b_Cisco_Nexus_7000_NX-OS_Security_Configuration_Guide__Release_6.x.html
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_usr_cts/configuration/xe-3s/asr1000/sec-usr-cts-xe-3s-asr1000-book.html
    http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/switches/lan/trustsec/configuration/guide/trustsec.html

  • Ask the Expert: Scaling Data Center Networks with Cisco FabricPath

    With Hatim Badr and Iqbal Syed
    Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about the Cisco FabricPath with Cisco technical support experts Hatim Badr and Iqbal Syed. Cisco FabricPath is a Cisco NX-OS Software innovation combining the plug-and-play simplicity of Ethernet with the reliability and scalability of Layer 3 routing. Cisco FabricPath uses many of the best characteristics of traditional Layer 2 and Layer 3 technologies, combining them into a new control-plane and data-plane implementation that combines the immediately operational "plug-and-play" deployment model of a bridged spanning-tree environment with the stability, re-convergence characteristics, and ability to use multiple parallel paths typical of a Layer 3 routed environment. The result is a scalable, flexible, and highly available Ethernet fabric suitable for even the most demanding data center environments. Using FabricPath, you can build highly scalable Layer 2 multipath networks without the Spanning Tree Protocol. Such networks are particularly suitable for large virtualization deployments, private clouds, and high-performance computing (HPC) environments.
    This event will focus on technical support questions related to the benefits of Cisco FabricPath over STP or VPC based architectures, design options with FabricPath, migration to FabricPath from STP/VPC based networks and FabricPath design and implementation best practices.
    Hatim Badr is a Solutions Architect for Cisco Advanced Services in Toronto, where he supports Cisco customers across Canada as a specialist in Data Center architecture, design, and optimization projects. He has more than 12 years of experience in the networking industry. He holds CCIE (#14847) in Routing & Switching, CCDP and Cisco Data Center certifications.
    Iqbal Syed is a Technical Marketing Engineer for the Cisco Nexus 7000 Series of switches. He is responsible for product road-mapping and marketing the Nexus 7000 line of products with a focus on L2 technologies such as VPC & Cisco FabricPath and also helps customers with DC design and training. He also focuses on SP customers worldwide and helps promote N7K business within different SP segments. Syed has been with Cisco for more than 10 years, which includes experience in Cisco Advanced Services and the Cisco Technical Assistance Center. His experience ranges from reactive technical support to proactive engineering, design, and optimization. He holds CCIE (#24192) in Routing & Switching, CCDP, Cisco Data Center, and TOGAF (v9) certifications.
    Remember to use the rating system to let Hatim and Iqbal know if you have received an adequate response.  
    They might not be able to answer each question due to the volume expected during this event. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the Data Center sub-community Unified Computing discussion forum shortly after the event. This event lasts through Dec 7, 2012.. Visit this support forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other Cisco Support Community members.

    Hi Sarah,
    Thank you for your question.
    Spanning Tree Protocol is used to build a loop-free topology. Although Spanning Tree Protocol serves a critical function in these Layer 2 networks, it is also frequently the cause of a variety of problems, both operational and architectural.
    One important aspect of Spanning Tree Protocol behavior is its inability to use parallel forwarding paths. Spanning Tree Protocol forms a forwarding tree, rooted at a single device, along which all data-plane traffic must flow. The addition of parallel paths serves as a redundancy mechanism, but adding more than one such path has little benefit because Spanning Tree Protocol blocks any additional paths
    In addition, rooting the forwarding path at a single device results in suboptimal forwarding paths, as shown below, Although a direct connection may exist, it cannot be used because only one active forwarding path is allowed.
    Virtual PortChannel (vPC) technology partially mitigates the limitations of Spanning Tree Protocol. vPC allows a single Ethernet device to connect simultaneously to two discrete Cisco Nexus switches while treating these parallel connections as a single logical PortChannel interface. The result is active-active forwarding paths and the removal of Spanning Tree Protocol blocked links, delivering an effective way to use two parallel paths in the typical Layer 2 topologies used with Spanning Tree Protocol.
    vPC provides several benefits over a standard Spanning Tree Protocol such as elimination of blocker ports and both vPC switches can behave as active default gateway for first-hop redundancy protocols such as Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP): that is, traffic can be routed by either vPC peer switch.
    At the same time, however, many of the overall design constraints of a Spanning Tree Protocol network remain even when you deploy vPC such as
    1.     Although vPC provides active-active forwarding, only two active parallel paths are possible.
    2.     vPC offers no means by which VLANs can be extended, a critical limitation of traditional Spanning Tree Protocol designs.
    With Cisco FabricPath, you can create a flexible Ethernet fabric that eliminates many of the constraints of Spanning Tree Protocol. At the control plane, Cisco FabricPath uses a Shortest-Path First (SPF) routing protocol to determine reachability and selects the best path or paths to any given destination in the Cisco FabricPath domain. In addition, the Cisco FabricPath data plane introduces capabilities that help ensure that the network remains stable, and it provides scalable, hardware-based learning and forwarding capabilities not bound by software or CPU capacity.
    Benefits of deploying an Ethernet fabric based on Cisco FabricPath include:
    • Simplicity, reducing operating expenses
    – Cisco FabricPath is extremely simple to configure. In fact, the only necessary configuration consists of distinguishing the core ports, which link the switches, from the edge ports, where end devices are attached. There is no need to tune any parameter to get an optimal configuration, and switch addresses are assigned automatically.
    – A single control protocol is used for unicast forwarding, multicast forwarding, and VLAN pruning. The Cisco FabricPath solution requires less combined configuration than an equivalent Spanning Tree Protocol-based network, further reducing the overall management cost.
    – A device that does not support Cisco FabricPath can be attached redundantly to two separate Cisco FabricPath bridges with enhanced virtual PortChannel (vPC+) technology, providing an easy migration path. Just like vPC, vPC+ relies on PortChannel technology to provide multipathing and redundancy without resorting to Spanning Tree Protocol.
    Scalability based on proven technology
    – Cisco FabricPath uses a control protocol built on top of the powerful Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocol, an industry standard that provides fast convergence and that has been proven to scale up to the largest service provider environments. Nevertheless, no specific knowledge of IS-IS is required in order to operate a Cisco FabricPath network.
    – Loop prevention and mitigation is available in the data plane, helping ensure safe forwarding that cannot be matched by any transparent bridging technology. The Cisco FabricPath frames include a time-to-live (TTL) field similar to the one used in IP, and a Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) check is also applied.
    • Efficiency and high performance
    – Because equal-cost multipath (ECMP) can be used the data plane, the network can use all the links available between any two devices. The first-generation hardware supporting Cisco FabricPath can perform 16-way ECMP, which, when combined with 16-port 10-Gbps port channels, represents a potential bandwidth of 2.56 terabits per second (Tbps) between switches.
    – Frames are forwarded along the shortest path to their destination, reducing the latency of the exchanges between end stations compared to a spanning tree-based solution.
        – MAC addresses are learned selectively at the edge, allowing to scale the network beyond the limits of the MAC addr

  • Ask the Expert: Plan, Design, and Implement Mobile Remote Access, the Cisco Collaboration Edge Architecture

    Welcome to the Cisco® Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about planning, designing, and implementing mobile remote access (Cisco Collaboration Edge Architecture) with Cisco subject matter experts Aashish Jolly and Abhijit Anand.
    Cisco Collaboration Edge Architecture is an architecture that provides VPN-less access of Cisco Unified Communications resources to Cisco Jabber® users. This discussion is dedicated to addressing questions about design best practices while implementing mobile remote access.
    For more information, refer to the Unified Communications Mobile and Remote Access via Cisco VCS deployment guide. 
    Aashish Jolly is a network consulting engineer who is currently serving as the Cisco Unified Communications consultant for the ExxonMobil Global account. Earlier at Cisco, he was part of the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC), where he helped Cisco partners with installation, configuring, and troubleshooting Cisco Unified Communications products such as Cisco Unified Communications Manager and Manager Express, Cisco Unity® solutions, Cisco Unified Border Element, voice gateways and gatekeepers, and more. He has been associated with Cisco Unified Communications for more than seven years. He holds a bachelor of technology degree as well as Cisco CCIE® Voice (#18500), CCNP® Voice, and CCNA® certifications and VMware VCP5 and Red Hat RHCE certifications.
    Abhijit Singh Anand is a network consulting engineer with the Cisco Advanced Services field delivery team in New Delhi. His current role involves designing, implementing, and optimizing large-scale collaboration solutions for enterprise and defense customers. He has also been an engineer at the Cisco TAC. Having worked on multiple technologies including wireless and LAN switching, he has been associated with Cisco Unified Communications technologies since 2006. He holds a master’s degree in computer applications and multiple certifications, including CCIE Voice (#19590), RHCE, and CWSP and CWNP.
    Remember to use the rating system to let Aashish and Abhijit know if you have received an adequate response. 
    Because of the volume expected during this event, our experts might not be able to answer every question. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the Cisco Support Community Collaboration, Voice and Video page, in the Jabber Clients subcommunity, shortly after the event. This event lasts through June 20, 2014. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other Cisco Support Community members.

    Hi Marcelo,
       Yes, there are some requirements for certificates in Expressway.
    Expressway Core (Exp-C)
    - Can be signed by either External or Internal CA
    - Better to use a cluster name even if you start with 1 peer in Exp-C cluster. In the future, if more peers are added, changes would be minimal.
    - Better to use FQDN of cluster as CN of certificate, this way the traversal zone configuration on Expressway-E won't require any change even if new peers are added to Exp-C cluster.
    - If CUCM is mixed mode, include security profile names (in FQDN format) as Subject Alternate Names
    - The Chat Node Aliases that are configured on the IM and Presence servers. They will be required only for Unified Communications XMPP federation deployments that intend to use both TLS and group chat. (Note that Unified Communications XMPP federation will be supported in a future Expressway release). The Expressway-C automatically includes the chat node aliases in the CSR, providing it has discovered a set of IM&P servers.
    - For TLS b/w CUCM, IM-P & Exp-C
      + If using self-signed certificates on CUCM, IM/P. Load Cisco Tomcat, cup, cup-xmpp certificates from IM-P on Exp-C. Load callmanager, Cisco Tomcat certificates from CUCM on Exp-C.
      + If using Internal CA signed certificates on CUCM, IM/P. Load Root CA certificates on Exp-C.
      + Load CA certificate under tomcat-trust, cup-trust, cup-xmpp-trust on IM-P.
      + Load CA certificate under tomcat-trust, callmanager-trust on CUCM.
    Expressway Edge (Exp-E)
    - Signed by External CA
    - Configured Unified Communications domain as Subject Alternate Name
    - If using a cluster, select FQDN of this peer as CN and FQDN of Cluster + this peer as Subject Alternate Name.
    - If XMPP federation is being deployed, enter the same Chat Node Aliases as entered in Exp-C.
    For more details, please refer to the Certificate Creation Guide for Cisco Expressway x8.1.1
    http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/expressway/config_guide/X8-1/Cisco-Expressway-Certificate-Creation-and-Use-Deployment-Guide-X8-1.pdf
    - Aashish

  • Ask the Expert: Cisco TelePresence for the Enterprise

    Welcome to the Cisco® Support Community Ask the Expert conversation.  This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about Cisco Telepresence® for the enterprise. 
    Cisco experts Jaret, Fernando, and Fred will be covering all Cisco TelePresence products.  Topics include Cisco TelePresence endpoints and TelePresence infrastructure such as the Cisco TelePresence Video Communication Server (VCS), Cisco Expressway Series, Cisco Unified Communication Manager (CallManager), Cisco TelePresence Servers (MSE 8710, on Virtual Machine, etc.), MCU (MSE 8510, etc.), Cisco TelePresence Management Suite (TMS), and all other Cisco TelePresence related devices.
    Jaret Osborne is an 8-year Cisco Advanced Services veteran.  In his Advanced Services tour, Jaret has covered all aspects of Cisco Unified Communications and TelePresence products, including both enterprise and service provider verticals. Most recently Jaret has been working with global service providers supporting their Cisco TelePresence as a Service offerings while also incubating new cloud services at Cisco.
    Fernando Rivas is a Cisco Advanced Services NCE, starting in the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC), 2007, on the Collaboration Technology Team mastering the Cisco Unified Communication  technologies and specialized in call control CUCM,VCS) and  conferencing (MeetingPlace, Telepresence). In 2011, he joined Cisco Advanced Services as a member of the Cisco Collaboration team and participated in several Cisco TelePresence and video-related technologies deployments. Currently he is a member of the Video Cloud Technology Team, supporting video exchanges in several and architecting new private video cloud solutions for large enterprises. Fernando holds a routing and switching CCIE® certification (22975).
    Fred Mollenkopf  is a Cisco Advanced Services Network consulting engineer working at Cisco for the last 7 years. Fred has led some of the largest Cisco Unified Communication and Collaboration deployments done for Cisco customers and partners. Over 15 years’ experience in data networking with a specialization in Cisco Unified Communications in 2004. Currently he is a member of the SP Video Advanced Services Team, supporting SP video exchanges and the Cisco Telepresence solutions.  Fred maintains an active CCIE® in Voice (17521).
    Remember to use the rating system to let Jaret, Fernando, and Fred know if you have received an adequate response. 
    Because of the volume expected during this event, Jaret, Fred, and Fernando might not be able to answer every question. Remember that you can continue the conversation in the Collaboration, Voice and Video Community, under the sub-community TelePresence, shortly after the event. This event lasts through August 15, 2014. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other Cisco Support Community members.

    Tenaro,
    Additionally here are the most common login issues.  Unfortunately this includes items related to Presence implementation but I commented where we did not use these in our lab setup for CUCM Phone Capabilities only.  
    Login Issues
    Problem:
    Jabber Unable to Sign-in Through MRA
    Solution
    This can be caused by a number of things, a few of which are outlined below.
     1.  Collaboration Edge SRV record not created and/or port 8443 unreachable
    For a jabber client to be able to login successfully using MRA, a specific collaboration edge SRV record must be created and accessible externally. When a jabber client is initially started it will make server DNS SRV queries:
    _cisco-uds : this SRV record is used to determine if a CUCM server is available.
    _cuplogin : this SRV record is used to determine if an IM&P server is available.
    _collab-edge : this SRV record is used to determine if MRA is available.
    If the jabber client is started and does not receive an SRV answer for _cisco-uds and _cuplogin, and does receive an answer for _collab-edge then it will use this answer to try to contact the Expressway-E listed in the SRV answer.
    The _collab-edge SRV record should point to the FQDN of the Expressway-E using port 8443. If the _collab-edge SRV is not created, or is not externally available,  or if it is available, but port 8443 is not reachable, then the jabber client will fail to login.
     2.  Unacceptable or No Available Certificate on VCS Expressway
    After the jabber client has received an answer for _collab-edge, it will then contact the expressway using TLS over port 8443 to try to retrieve the certificate from the expressway to setup TLS for communication between the jabber client and the expressway.
    If the Expressway does not have a valid signed certificate that contains either the FQDN or domain of the Expressway, then this will fail and the jabber client will fail to login.
    If this is occurring, the you should use the CSR tool on the Expressway, which will automatically include the FQDN of the expressway as a Subject Alternative Name.
    MRA requires secure communication between the Expressway-C and Expressway-E, and between the Expressway-E and external endpoints.
    Expressway-C Server Certificate Requirements:
    The Chat Node Aliases configured on the IM&P servers. This is required if you are doing XMPP federation.  The Expressway-C should automatically include these in the CSR provided that an IM&P server has already been discovered on the Expressway-C.
    The names in FQDN format of all Phone Security Profiles in CUCM configured for TLS and used on devices configured for MRA. This allows for secure communication between the CUCM and Expressway-C  for the devices using those Phone Security Profiles.
    Expressway-E Server Certificate Requirements:
    All domains configured for Unified Communications. This includes the domain of the Expressway-E and C, e-mail address domain configured for Jabber, and any presence domains.
    The Chat Node Aliases configured on the IM&P servers. This is required if you are doing XMPP federation. 
    The MRA Deployment guide describes this in greater detail on pages 17-18. (http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/expressway/config_guide/X8-1/Mobile-Remote-Ac...
    Note: In our lab for testing Phone Capabilities only, we did not include the Chat Node Aliases in the certificate as we were not using IM&P.
     3.  No UDS Servers Found in Edge Config
    After the Jabber client successfully establishes a secure connection with the Expressway-E, it will ask for its edge config. This edge config will contain the SRV records for _cuplogin and _cisco-uds. If these SRV records are not returned in the edge config, then the jabber client will not be able to proceed with trying to login.
    To fix this, make sure that _cisco-uds and _cuplogin SRV records are created internally and resolvable by the Expressway-C
    More information on the DNS SRV records can be found on page 10 of the MRA deployment guide for X8.1.1 (http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/expressway/config_guide/X8-1/Mobile-Remote-Access-via-Expressway-Deployment-Guide-X8-1-1.pdf)
    Note: In our lab for testing Phone Capabilities only, we did not include the DNS SRV for _cuplogin.
     4.  The Expressway-C logs will indicate the following error: XCP_JABBERD  Detail="Unable to connect to host '%IP%', port 7400:(111) Connection  refused"
    If Expressway-E NIC is incorrectly configured, this can cause the XCP server to not be updated. If the Expressway-E meets the following criteria, then you will likely have this issue:
    Using a single NIC
    Advanced Networking Option Key is installed
    Use Dual Network Interfaces option is set to “Yes”
    To correct this problem, change the “Use Dual Network Interfaces” option to “No”
    The reason this is a problem is because the Expressway-E will be listening for the XCP session on the wrong network interface, which will cause the connection to fail/timeout. The Expressway-E listens on TCP port 7400 for the XCP session. You can verify this by using the netstat command from the VCS as root.
    Note: We used a Dual Network Interface Expressway for testing but were not using XCP, so this was not applicable to us.
     5.  VCE-E Server hostname/domain name does not match what is configured in the _collab-edge SRV.
    If the Expressway-E Server hostname/domain name does not match what was received in the _collab-edge SRV answer, the jabber client will not be able to communicate to the Expressway-E. The Jabber client uses the xmppEdgeServer/Address element in the get_edge_config response to establish the XMPP connection to the Expressway-E.
    This is an example of what the xmppEdgeServer/Address would look like in the get_edge_config response from the Expressway-E to the Jabber client:
    <xmppEdgeServer>
    <server>
    <address>ott-vcse1.vcx.cisco.com</address>
    <tlsPort>5222</tlsPort>
    </server>
    </xmppEdgeServer>
    To avoid this, make sure that the _collab-edge SRV record matches the Expressway-E hostname/domain name. Enhancement CSCuo83458 has been filed for this. 
    Note: This was one of our issues when we first setup.  We adjusted our Expressway-E to insure the below:
    System > Administration > System Name this was the FQDN
    System > DNS > System Host Name was the host portion of the FQDN
    System > DNS > Domain Name was the domain portion of the FQDN
    System > Clustering > Cluster Name (FQDN for Provisioning) was the FQDN
     6. Unable to log into certain IM&P servers. VCS logs say "No realm found for host cups-example.domain.com, check connect auth configuration"
    From the Expressway-E, go to Configuration -> Unified Communications -> IM&P Servers. Open each server and click "Save" again. Not sure exactly why this happens.
    Note:  This was N/A to our test and can be ignored with Phone Capabilities only.
    Thanks
    Fred

  • Ask the Expert: Integrating Cisco Identity Service Engine (ISE) 1.2 for BYOD

    With Eric Yu and Todd Pula 
    Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions  about integrating Cisco ISE 1.2 for BYOD with experts Eric Yu and Todd Pula.
    Cisco Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) is an end-to-end architecture that orchestrates the integration of Cisco's mobile and security architectures to various third-party components. The session takes a deep dive into the available tools and methodologies for troubleshooting the Cisco BYOD solution to identify root causes for problems that stem from mobile device manager integration, Microsoft Active Directory and certificate authority services, and Cisco Enterprise Mobility integration to the Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE). 
    Todd and Eric recently delivered a technical workshop that helps network designers and network engineers understand integration of the various Cisco BYOD components by taking a deep dive to analyze best practice configurations and time-saving troubleshooting methodologies. The content consisted of common troubleshooting scenarios in which TAC engineers help customers address operational challenges as seen in real Cisco BYOD deployments.
    Eric Yu is a technical leader at Cisco responsible for supporting our leading-edge borderless network solutions. He has 10 years of experience in the telecommunications industry designing data and voice networks. Previous to his current role, he worked as a network consulting engineer for Cisco Advance Services, responsible for designing and implementing Cisco Unified Communications for Fortune 500 enterprises. Before joining Cisco, he worked at Verizon Business as an integration engineer responsible for developing a managed services solution for Cisco Unified Communications. Eric holds CCIE certification in routing and switching no. 14590 and has two patents pending related to Cisco's medianet.   
    Todd Pula is a member of the TAC Security and NMS Technical Leadership team supporting the ISE and intrusion prevention system (IPS) product lines. Todd has 15 years of experience in the networking and information security industries, with 6 years of experience working in Cisco's TAC organization. Previous to his current role, Todd was a TAC team lead providing focused technical support on Cisco's wide array of VPN products. Before joining Cisco, he worked at Stanley Black & Decker as a network engineer responsible for the design, configuration, and support of an expansive global network infrastructure. Todd holds his CCIE in routing and switching no. 19383 and an MS degree in IT from Capella University.
    Remember to use the rating system to let Eric and Todd know if you have received an adequate response.
    Because of the volume expected during this event, Eric and Todd might not be able to answer every question. Remember that you can continue the conversation in the Security community, subcommunity AAA, Identity and NAC, shortly after the event. This event lasts through November 15, 2013. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other Cisco Support Community members.

    Hi Antonio,
    Many great questions to start this series.  For the situation that you are observing with your FlexConnect configuration, is the problem 100% reproducible or is it intermittent?  Does the problem happen for one WLAN but not another?  As it stands today, the CoA-Ack needs to be initiated by the management interface.  This limitation is documented in bug CSCuj42870.  I have provided a link for your reference below.  If the problem happens 100% of the time, the two configuration areas that I would check first include:
    On the WLC, navigate to Security > RADIUS > Authentication.  Click on the server index number for the associated ISE node.  On the edit screen, verify that the Support for RFC 3576 option is enabled.
    On the WLC, navigate to the WLANs tab and click on the WLAN ID for the WLAN in question.  On the edit screen, navigate to Security > AAA and make sure the Radius Server Overwrite interface is unchecked.  When this option is checked, the WLC will attemp to send client authentication requests and the CoA-Ack/Nak via the dynamic interface assigned to the WLAN vs. the management interface.  Because of the below referenced bug, all RADIUS packets except the CoA-Ack/Nak will actually be transmitted via the dynamic interface.  As a general rule of thumb, if using the Radius NAC option on a WLAN, you should not configure the Radius Server Overwrite interface feature.
    Bug Info:  https://tools.cisco.com/bugsearch/bug/CSCuj42870
    For your second question, you raise a very valid point which I am going to turn into a documentation enhancement request.  We don't currently have a document that lists the possible supplicant provisioning wizard errors that may be encountered.  Please feel free to post specific errors that you have questions about in this chat and we will try to get you answers.  For most Android devices, the wizard log file can be found at /sdcards/downloads/spw.log.
    As for product roadmap questions, we won't be able to discuss this here due to NDA.  Both are popular asks from the field so it will be interesting to see what the product marketing team comes up with for the next iterration of ISE.
    Related Info:
    Wireless BYOD for FlexConnect Deployment Guide

  • Ask the Expert: ISE 1.2: Configuration and Deployment with Cisco expert Craig Hyps

    Welcome to the Cisco Support Community Ask the Expert conversation. This is an opportunity to learn and ask questions about how to deploy and configure Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) Version 1.2 and to understand the features and enhanced troubleshooting options available in this version, with Cisco expert Craig Hyps.
    October 27, 2014 through November 7, 2014.
    The Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) helps IT professionals meet enterprise mobility challenges and secure the evolving network across the entire attack continuum. Cisco ISE is a security policy management platform that identifies users and devices using RADIUS, 802.1X, MAB, and Web Authentication methods and automates secure access controls such as ACLs, VLAN assignment, and Security Group Tags (SGTs) to enforce role-based access to networks and network resources. Cisco ISE delivers superior user and device visibility through profiling, posture and mobile device management (MDM) compliance validation, and it shares vital contextual data with integrated ecosystem partner solutions using Cisco Platform Exchange Grid (pxGrid) technology to accelerate the identification, mitigation, and remediation of threats.
    Craig Hyps is a senior Technical Marketing Engineer for Cisco's Security Business Group with over 25 years networking and security experience. Craig is defining Cisco's next generation Identity Services Engine, ISE, and concurrently serves as the Product Owner for ISE Performance and Scale focused on the requirements of the largest ISE deployments.
    Previously Craig has held senior positions as a customer Consulting Engineer, Systems Engineer and product trainer.   He joined Cisco in 1997 and has extensive experience with Cisco's security portfolio.  Craig holds a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College and certifications that include CISSP, CCSP, and CCSI.
    Remember to use the rating system to let Craig know if you have received an adequate response.
    Because of the volume expected during this event, Ali might not be able to answer each question. Remember that you can continue the conversation on the Security community, sub-community shortly after the event. This event lasts through November 7, 2014. Visit this forum often to view responses to your questions and the questions of other community members.
    (Comments are now closed)

    1. Without more specifics it is hard to determine actual issue. It may be possible that if configured in same subnet that asymmetric traffic caused connections to fail. A key enhancement in ISE 1.3 is to make sure traffic received on a given interface is sent out same interface.
    2. Common use cases for using different interfaces include separation of management traffic from user traffic such as web portal access or to support dedicated profiling interfaces. For example, you may want employees to use a different interface for sponsor portal access. For profiling, you may want to use a specific interface for HTTP SPAN traffic or possibly configure IP Anycast to simplify reception and redundancy of DHCP IP Helper traffic. Another use case is simple NIC redundancy.
    a. Management traffic is restricted to eth0, but standalone node will also have PSN persona so above use cases can apply for interfaces eth1-eth3.
    b. For dedicated PAN / MnT nodes it usually does not make sense to configure multiple interfaces although ISE 1.3 does add support for SNMP on multiple interfaces if needed to separate out. It may also be possible to support NIC redundancy but I need to do some more testing to verify. 
    For PSNs, NIC redundancy for RADIUS as well as the other use cases for separate profiling and portal services apply.
    Regarding Supplicant Provisioning issue, the flows are the same whether wireless or wired. The same identity stores are supported as well. The key difference is that wireless users are directed to a specific auth method based on WLAN configuration and Cisco wired switches allow multiple auth methods to be supported on same port. 
    If RADIUS Proxy is required to forward requests to a foreign RADIUS server, then decision must be made based on basic RADIUS attributes or things like NDG. ISE does not terminate the authentication requests and that is handled by foreign server. ISE does support advanced relay functions such as attribute manipulation, but recommend review with requirements with local Cisco or partner security SE if trying to implement provisioning for users authenticated via proxy. Proxy is handled at Authentication Policy level. CWA and Guest Flow is handled in Authorization Policy.  If need to authenticate a CWA user via external RADIUS, then need to use RADIUS Token Server, not RADIUS Proxy.
    A typical flow for a wired user without 802.1X configured would be to hit default policy for CWA.  Based on successful CWA auth, CoA is triggered and user can then match a policy rule based on guest flow and CWA user identity (AD or non-AD) and returned an authorization for NSP.
    Regarding AD multi-domain support...
    Under ISE 1.2, if need to authenticate users across different forests or domains, then mutual trusts must exist, or you can use multiple LDAP server definitions if the EAP protocol supports LDAP. RADIUS Proxy is another option  to have some users authenticated to different AD domains via foreign RADIUS server.
    Under ISE 1.3, we have completely re-architected our AD connector and support multiple AD Forests and Domains with or without mutual trusts.
    When you mention the use of RADIUS proxy, it is not clear whether you are referring to ISE as the proxy or another RADIUS server proxying to ISE.  If you had multiple ISE deployments, then a separate RADIUS Server like ACS could proxy requests to different ISE 1.2 deployments, each with their own separate AD domain connection.  If ISE is the proxy, then you could have some requests being authenticated against locally joined AD domain while others are sent to a foreign RADIUS server which may have one or more AD domain connections.
    In summary, if the key requirement is ability to join multiple AD domains without mutual trust, then very likely ISE 1.3 is the solution.  Your configuration seems to be a bit involved and I do not want to provide design guidance on a paper napkin, so recommend consult with local ATP Security SE to review overall requirements, topology, AD structure, and RADIUS servers that require integration.
    Regards,
    Craig

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