BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm

How is the administrative distance positioned in the bgp route decision ?
i.e If a route is learned from iBGP with higher "local prefernece" and eBGP with lower "local prefernece" - which path will be installed in the routing table
the path learned from eBGP or the path with higer local prefernce ?

For your scenario the path with the higher local pref will be installed in the routing table althogh its ibgp.
if a router recieves the same prefix from 2 neighbors 1 from ibgp and the other from ebgp
the router will compare them with the bgp path selection algorithm
the one that wins will be installed in the routing table with the admin distance of the kind of route it is so if the ibgp route won the path selection you will see in the routing table the admin distance of 200,if the ebgp route won you'll see 20 in the admin distance.
so remember the ibgp/ebgp comparision is the 9th in the path selection algorithm so an ibgp route can win the path selection by (local pref weight....)
and if the ibgp won then you'll see the ibgp admin dstance in your routing tables.

Similar Messages

  • Inject BGP Default Routes into Multiple VRF before Best Path Selection

    Hello, 
    I have the following setup:
    Multiple Border Routers with eBGP sessions to external AS. We receive a default route from this multiple AS to keep the Table manageable. We noticed an important part of our traffic was been SW routed instead of CEF when we had the Full Internet table. Router Resources came to the ground when we changed to a default. 
    Now I want to separate this default routes into different VRF. Attached is the Diagram. 
    My question is,  the multiple default route all go into the BGP Table. The BGP table then select the best route and place it on the RIB and then to the FIB. 
    I want to redistribute the different Route on the BGP table prior to the Best path selection algorithm and placed on the RIB. 
    How can I achieve this?

    Hi,
    Redistribution of multiple routes to same prefix is not possible. Even if you have configured BGP multipath and all different bgp routes got installed into routing table, during redistribution only route will be redistributed. 
    Also would like to understand the requirement of redistributing multiple BGP routes in to IGP. As per your diagram, 3 different eBGP sessions are on three different routers, so you can prefer eBGP route over iBGP received from other routers and can distribute eBGP route to IGP from each router. Thus you will have three different default routes in to IGP in core.
    Please don't forget to rate this post if it has been helpful
    - Akash

  • BGB Best path selection

    Hi,
    Could someone tell me why second path remains as best?
    MPLS_CORE#show ip bgp 192.168.1.0
    BGP routing table entry for 192.168.1.0/24, version 27
    Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default)
      Advertised to update-groups:
         1         
      Refresh Epoch 1
      64513
        2.2.2.1 from 2.2.2.1 (10.201.240.2)
          Origin incomplete, metric 156160, localpref 100, valid, external
          rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0
      Refresh Epoch 1
      64512
        1.1.1.1 from 1.1.1.1 (192.168.4.253)
          Origin incomplete, metric 1415680, localpref 100, valid, external, best
          rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
    Regards
    Michal 

    Hi Michal,
    Please refer below CCO document for BGP best path selection criteria on cisco routers
    http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html
    If everything attribute is same then it comes to router-id and lowest router-id is preferred.
    11. Prefer the route that comes from the BGP router with the lowest router ID.
    The router ID is the highest IP address on the router, with preference given to loopback addresses. Also, you can use the bgp router-id command to manually set the router ID.
    In your case, second route is having lowest router-id (1.1.1.1)
    --Pls dont forget to rate helpful posts--
    Regards,
    Akash

  • DMVPN + MPLS best-path selection

    Dear Community
    We're in the process of deploying DMVPN as a backup solution to MPLS. All that is working great!
    The DMVPN wan is dual-cloud, with 2 hub routers in each cloud. Phase 3 (nhrp shortcut) is enabled on all the spokes.
    For routing, all the customer subnets are advertised in MPLS, whereas for DMVPN hub advertises only a summary to 10.0.0.0/8. The protocol for both is BGP. For DMVPN, the hub routers resides in one AS (65002) and all the spokes another common AS 65102. DMVPN is therefore peered eBGP hub > spoke.
    For customers connected to MPLS, the DMVPN serves as backup only solution. Best-path selection by longest prefix match.
    We have other customers coming on board who wish to join the same WAN but don't have the $$$ for MPLS so are opting for DMVPN only.
    Now, I have a requirement to enable spoke-to-spoke for a DMVPN only site (spokeA) to an MPLS site (spokeB). The problem is it doesn't seem to work properly as the hub router sees the best path to spokeB site via MPLS, not via DMVPN. The spoke-to-spoke is never formed, and remains spokeA > hub > mpls > spokeB. The return path is better = spokeB > DMVPN > hub > spokeA (this is because spokeB sees no route from MPLS for spokeA, so follows 10.0.0.0/8) route.
    I look for any feedback that can help to meet this requirement?
    And if any advice on the general design would be really appreciated.
    Thanks a lot!
    Phil

    Phil, 
    I did a short lab around this ... wanted to make sure I'm not saying something stupid. 
    While I can't claim it's the _optimal_ solution for your setup it seems to work in my lab.
    Spoke1 LAN 192.168.101.0/24 (AS 65001)
    Spoke2 LAN 192.168.102.0/24 (AS 65002)
    HUB LAN 192.168.111.0/24 (AS 65000)
    192.168.1.0/24 DMVPN subnet. 
    A single (i)VRF - DMVPN exists on hub, only and is assigned only to DMVPN tunnel interface. 
    Excuse a few hacks a had to use... default routed via default-originate for example :-)
    Hub
    R10-P#sh run int tu0
    Building configuration...
    Current configuration : 281 bytes
    interface Tunnel0
    vrf forwarding DMVPN
    ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    no ip redirects
    ip nhrp map multicast dynamic
    ip nhrp network-id 1
    ip nhrp shortcut
    ip nhrp redirect
    tunnel source Loopback0
    tunnel mode gre multipoint
    tunnel protection ipsec profile PRO
    end
    R10-P#sh run | s r b
    router bgp 65000
    bgp log-neighbor-changes
    network 192.168.111.0
    redistribute static
    neighbor 10.112.112.1 remote-as 65001
    neighbor 10.112.112.1 route-map SPOKES_MPLS in
    default-information originate
    address-family ipv4 vrf DMVPN
    neighbor 192.168.1.101 remote-as 65001
    neighbor 192.168.1.101 activate
    neighbor 192.168.1.102 remote-as 65002
    neighbor 192.168.1.102 activate
    exit-address-family
    R10-P#sh run | s vrf defini
    vrf definition DMVPN
    rd 1:1
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    address-family ipv4
      import ipv4 unicast map DEFAULT
      export ipv4 unicast map SPOKE_SUBNETS
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    exit-address-family
    address-family ipv6
    route-target export 100:1
    route-target import 100:1
    exit-address-family
    Result on spoke
    R1-PE#traceroute 192.168.102.1 source e2/0
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Tracing the route to 192.168.102.1
    VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
    1 192.168.1.1 [AS 65000] 5 msec 10 msec 2 msec
    2 192.168.1.102 [AS 65000] 4 msec * 5 msec
    R1-PE#traceroute 192.168.102.1 source e2/0
    Type escape sequence to abort.
    Tracing the route to 192.168.102.1
    VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
    1 192.168.1.102 [AS 65000] 6 msec * 6 msec
    routing on hub 
    (sanitized)
    R10-P# sho ip route
    Gateway of last resort is 10.100.100.2 to network 0.0.0.0
    S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.100.100.2
    10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 13 subnets, 2 masks
    B 192.168.101.0/24 [20/0] via 10.112.112.1, 00:06:40
    B 192.168.102.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.102 (DMVPN), 00:00:03
    192.168.111.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
    R10-P# sho ip route vrf DMVPN
    Routing Table: DMVPN
    Gateway of last resort is 10.100.100.2 to network 0.0.0.0
    B* 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.100.100.2, 00:06:40
    192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
    C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Tunnel0
    L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, Tunnel0
    B 192.168.101.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.101, 00:06:40
    B 192.168.102.0/24 [20/0] via 192.168.1.102, 00:06:25

  • Lesson BGP & OSPF path selection in VSS routing environment

    Hi, I would like a lesson on how traffic is passed in the following environment:
    One 3945 router with interfaces connected to a pair of 4500X switches configured as VSS pair. One link into each of the 4500 running as routed interfaces using separate IP subnets meaning there are two equal cost paths between the router and the 4500X.
    We are running a single OSPF area and iBGP between the devices. 
    I would like to find out, in normal circumstances where both equal cost links are operating normally, how the 4500 selects the path to send a packet to the router.  We would be trying to avoid traffic passing through the VSL but want to know if the system is smart enough to do that.
    Is there somebody out there who can tell me if the VSS process will select the path directly to the router or if it cannot be guaranteed to do so.
    I also would like to get opinions on whether it is best to create two iBGP neighbour relationships on the link addresses or one relationship between the loopback addresses.
    Thanks 
    LP

    Hi,
    The OSPF traffic would not pass through the VSL link.  The path would directly go from each 4500 to the 3945 (Equal cost load balancing). I think, the 3900 series supports Etherchannel, if this is the case you can also create a L-3 Portchannel between the VSS and 3945 router.  This way you use one /30 instead of 2 and you still have redundancy.  For BGP, I would do one peering with Loopbacks.
    HTH

  • EIGRP vs BGP route path selection scenario

    I am looking for a routing solution to the following scenario.  It is a fairly simple design. 
    I have two WAN connections between sites A and B.  One is a 20 Meg Metro Ethernet Circuit running EIGRP.  The other is a 10 Meg MPLS running BGP.  What do I need to do in my configuration to make sure that the 20 Meg connection is the chosen path based off the fact that it has better speed and bandwidth?  It appears to me that the MPLS is the preferred path even though it is slower.
    See attached Diagram:
    Site A Config
    interface GigabitEthernet1/0/12
     description PADC COX P2P 20 Meg
     no switchport
     bandwidth 20480
     ip address 172.20.1.1 255.255.255.252
    interface GigabitEthernet2/0/2
     description LEVEL 3 MPLS
     no switchport
     bandwidth 10240
     ip address 172.22.0.2 255.255.255.252
    router eigrp 1
     network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
     network 172.20.1.0 0.0.0.3
     network 192.168.76.8 0.0.0.3
      redistribute bgp 65003 metric 100 1 255 1 1500 route-map MPLS_NETWORKS
     redistribute static route-map DEFAULT_ROUTE
    router bgp 65003
     bgp log-neighbor-changes
     redistribute static
     redistribute eigrp 1
     neighbor 172.22.0.1 remote-as 1
     default-information originate
    Site B Config
    interface GigabitEthernet0/1
     description COX Communications 10 Meg to Venyu
     bandwidth 20480
     ip address 172.20.1.2 255.255.255.252
     duplex auto
     speed auto
     service-policy output VOIP
    interface GigabitEthernet0/2
     description Level 3 MPLS
     bandwidth 10240
     ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.252
     duplex full
     speed 100
    router eigrp 1
     network 10.3.1.0 0.0.0.31
     network 10.52.1.0 0.0.0.255
     network 10.76.6.0 0.0.0.255
     network 172.20.1.0 0.0.0.3
     network 192.168.63.64 0.0.0.63
     network 192.168.76.249 0.0.0.0
     passive-interface default
     no passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/0
     no passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/1
    router bgp 65003
     bgp log-neighbor-changes
     network 10.3.1.0 mask 255.255.255.224
     network 10.52.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
     network 10.76.6.0 mask 255.255.255.0
     network 192.168.76.249 mask 255.255.255.255
     neighbor 172.22.1.1 remote-as 1

    If each router is receiving advertisements for the same networks/subnet masks from both BGP and EIGRP it will always choose the BGP routes because they have a lower AD ie. 20 vs EIGRP 90.
    Doesn't matter what the bandwidth is.
    If you want to prefer the 20Mbps links then there are a number of options -
    1) if you can summarise each sites subnets then advertise the summary via BGP and the more specific via EIGRP.  More specific will be chosen even before AD is taken into account.
    2) change the AD of either BGP or EIGRP so EIGRP ends up with the lower AD
    3) run BGP on both links although you would still need to manipulate the attributes to make sure the link you want is used.
    Jon

  • BGP Path Selection

    With reference to cisco's document on BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm (http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html).
    Out of given 9 paths why 6th has been selected even though AS_PATH for 8th route is better.
    Can anyone explains here, as this document has not considered the AS-PATH during path selection and used lowest ROUTER ID only.
    Thanks in advance and expect technical explanation here.

    Hey Buddy
    The AS_PATH for both is only 1, don't get confused by (AS_SET) which only counts as 1 no matter how many AS are in the set.  Refer to section "How the Best Path Algorithm Works"
    4.Prefer the path with the shortest AS_PATH.
    Note: Be aware of these items:
    ◦An AS_SET counts as 1, no matter how many ASs are in the set.
    So bearing the above in mind
    Example: BGP Best Path Selection
    Path6
      (64955 65003) 65089 --- this equals 1
        172.16.254.226 (metric 20645) from 10.57.255.11 (10.57.255.11)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external, best
          Extended Community: RT:1100:1001
          mpls labels in/out nolabel/362
    !--- BGP selects this as the Best Path on comparing
    !--- with all the other routes and selected based on lower router ID.
    Path8
      (65003) 65089 --- this equals 1
        172.16.254.226 (metric 20645) from 172.16.254.234 (172.16.254.234)
          Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, confed-external
          Extended Community: RT:1100:1001
          mpls labels in/out nolabel/362
    Comparing path 6 with path 8:
     Both paths have reachable next hops
     Both paths have a WEIGHT of 0
     Both paths have a LOCAL_PREF of 100
     Both paths are learned
     Both paths have AS_PATH length 1 --- because the (AS_SET) always equals 1
     Both paths are of origin IGP
     Both paths have the same neighbor AS, 65089, so comparing MED.
     Both paths have a MED of 0
     Both paths are confed-external
     Both paths have an IGP metric to the NEXT_HOP of 20645
    Path 6 is better than path 8 because it has a lower Router-ID.
    Hope it helps (:

  • Weird BGP path selection problem

    Hi, all,
    I am seeing a weird BGP path selection problem on 4948 switch running cat4500-entservicesk9-mz.122-46.SG.bin code, this switch has two uplinks to the same ISP's different edge router, one circuit is primary the other one is strict backup, only default route is accepted from ISP. I am setting both local preference and weight to the default route advertised over backup link, however neither one is taking effect, BGP still thinks the backup link is better, what could be wrong?
    rtr#sh ip bgp 0.0.0.0/0
    BGP routing table entry for 0.0.0.0/0, version 105
    Paths: (3 available, best #2, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, not advertised to EBGP peer)
      Not advertised to any peer
      17675, (received & used)
        203.169.8.37 from 203.169.8.37 (61.211.160.150)
          Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
      17675
        203.169.8.45 from 203.169.8.45 (61.211.160.151)
          Origin IGP, localpref 90, weight 90, valid, external, best <====
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
      17675, (received-only)
        203.169.8.45 from 203.169.8.45 (61.211.160.151)
          Origin IGP, localpref 100, valid, external
          Community: 65001:0 no-export
    Thanks

    Hi,
    On cisco routers , weight is having highest preference to decide best path. By default for received route, weight is 0 but you are setting weight 90 to backup path and that is why it is getting preferred (higher is better). Please remove weight and let local preference be 90 (lesser than route on primary path)
    --Pls dont forget to rate helpful posts--
    Regards,
    Akash

  • BGP Path Selection - Favor Oldest Routes

    I've been poking around in a few test routers trying to find where BGP states how long a route has been known from a neighbor. Based on Cisco's BGP path selection article: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html, #10 states BGP prefers the oldest known route. 
    What command shows the amount of time a route has been known via BGP?

    Thanks for your reply, Paul.
    The first command just shows the same timer as the sh ip bgp summary timer. It's just the timer of the neighbor relationship.
    The second command just displays how long the route has been in the routing table. I've tested this and found that when BGP loses a route to a network and then selects a different path that it had known about, the timer resets to 0. Even though it had known about the path for a while, it still resets to 0. 
    So thanks to everyone for your responses, but I'm still looking for some way to see the age of a BGP-learned route.

  • What is the best Path for a J2EE developer with oracle?

    Hi,
    I am a J2EE developer, for the time being I work at a Commercial Bank as an enterprise application developer. I have learnt java when I was following a local IT diploma and with the help of books, works at my working place and the internet , today I am developing J2EE applications with JSP,Servlets,JSF2.0,EJB3.0 and third party JSF libraries etc. (I am also developing softwares using other programing languages such as Asp.net, C#.net, WPF etc, but I prefer to be in the java path). Other than that, I'm also working as the UI designer of most of our applications.
    I have those skills and practice after working for 4 years as a web/enterprise application developer & a UI designer, but now I have to focus on some paper qualifications and hence I am doing BCS.
    Now I want to be a java professional in Oracle's path, and I need to know what is the best path I can select to move with Oracle. I finished my classes of SCJP , but didn't do the exams as there were some rumors that Oracle will dump those exams in the future. I am interested in Oracle university, but I am unable to even think about it as I live in Sri Lanka and don't have that much of financial wealth to go USA and join.
    So I really appreciate if any Oracle professional could suggest me the best educational path according to what I mentioned about my technical and career background. Because I have a dream to join Oracle one day as an employee and being a good contributer to the same forum, which I am getting helps today!
    Thanks!!!

    As you can see on our website, Oracle did not retire the Java certifications. You can browse through the available certifications and hopefully help to determine your path.
    http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=140
    SCJP has now become Oracle Certified Professional Java Programmer. You can find more info on those exams on our website here: http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=320.
    Regarding training, perhaps live virtual training would be an option for you. You can find more information at http://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=233.
    Regards,
    Brandye Barrington
    Certification Forum Moderator

  • Path Selection for Routes Across MPLS Network

    Customer hub site has two CE routers with two links connected to two seperate PE routers in the Carrier's MPLS network. At the customer's remote site one CE router on a single link is connected to PE router in MPLS network.
    How can I configure the CE routers at the hub site to advertised the same network across the MPLS network to the CE router at the remote site? Also, how can I configure the CE router at the remote site to select on of the router as the primary and the other as secondary? Can I use local-preference on the CE router at the remote site to selected on path over the other.
    I'm not sure if this makes any sense. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks

    Even with multiple RDs for VRFs belonging to the same VPN, you still need IBGP multipath, correct? Multiple RDs is just to get around the RR restriction.
    Also, you posted this message a while back:
    "If you have many VPN customers all using the same addresses (most likely rfc1918), the fact that they have different RDs and that the PE prepends the RD to the prefixes exchanged between PEs will make the same prefixes different in the MPLS VPN core
    cust1 advertises 192.168.1.0/24 with RD 1:1 therefore
    VPNv4 prefix is 1:1:192.168.1.0
    cust2 advertises 192.168.1.0/24 with RD 1:2 therefore
    VPNv4 prefix is 1:2:192.168.1.0"
    My test lab does not support the IBGP multipath command, and thus even with different RDs, it still only installs one best path.
    I understand that RD = make unique VPNv4 routes in SP space, and that RT = what to import into the VRF. However, I am having a hard time visualizing the scenario with mutiple RDs for the same VPN for load balancing purposes. I am trying to understand the logic behind it.
    Per your example, if both 1:1 and 1:2 are received by the remote PE, assuming IBGP multipath is enabled, why would the remote PE load balance between the two links? Why would it assume that the hub subnets are reachable via two different PEs, and that it's not two different, isolated VPNs altogether?
    Is it b/c you imported both 1:1 and 1:2 into a VRF at the remote PE?

  • OSPF Equal Cost Path Selection

    This is a nerdy enough qeury in reality.
    We have a single area - area 0.0.0.32. All intra-area routes. We have 2 switches in the core of the network, and 10 switches at the edge. All of these switches are connected via layer 3 OSPF routed links.
    The cost for all links is 20 - which is based on bandwidth between the boxes - which is 2Gbps.
    Have a look at the enclosed jpeg to get an idea.
    Very simple.
    Query revolves around the path selection available to OSPF.
    The path from Core 2 to the 10.32.51.0 network is easy - straight across the link between the core switches for a cost of 20.
    Question :- if the link between the cores fail, which path will be chosen by OSPF and why?
    It can go through ANY of the other edge switches for a total cost of 40, but it will choose a particular one. What criteria does OSPF use to select this path?
    Remember, the path costs are equal, they are all intra-area.
    I tried messing with Router ID, but this doesn't seem to be it.
    I tried highest interface IP addresses, but it doesn't seem to be this.
    It is not a random act, the algorithm chooses the same one every time.
    There must be some parameter in the LSDB that is the defining one when it comes to path selection.
    Can you help me out please. I need someone who understands the OSPF algorithm better than I do (which might not be hard!).
    Appreciate any comments for debate.

    Disclaimer
    The  Author of this posting offers the information contained within this  posting without consideration and with the reader's understanding that  there's no implied or expressed suitability or fitness for any purpose.  Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not  be construed as rendering professional advice of any kind. Usage of this  posting's information is solely at reader's own risk.
    Liability Disclaimer
    In  no event shall Author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including,  without limitation, damages for loss of use, data or profit) arising out  of the use or inability to use the posting's information even if Author  has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
    Posting
    My guess (as I haven't re-read the RFC), selection of an ECMP to retain in a routing table (assuming all possible ECMP are not retained) and/or exactly how packets or flows are ECMP routed is implementation dependent.
    I recall years ago bumping into a situation where I had 6 (OSPF) ECMP on a Cisco router which had the (then) default allowance of 4 ECMP in the route table.  I don't recall exactly what the issue was, but whatever it was doing I considered it a bug.  The "fix" was to allow the router to use all 6 ECMP.  (Again, don't remember the specifics, but the issue I saw was more involved than 2 of the 6 ECMPs weren't retained.)

  • Path Selection – Leaving blank holes

    Hello,
    I'm missing a very important feature since I switched from CS4 to CS 5.5: In Photoshop CS4, when you created a path in another and selected the path, the inner path was left blank (Creating an "o" and selecting it got you the selection in shape of an o).
    Now, as I'm using CS5.5, Photoshop totally ignores those inner pathes and makes one big selection (example: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/5024014/path.png). This is very bad for me, because I have to put big industrial machines on transparent background, and now I have to create dozends of paths for every litte hole and then must put them together manually, which takes a lot of time.
    So, if anyone knows how to solve this problem and getting my path selection back to how it worked in CS4, I would be very glad!
    Greetings, Andreas

  • Path Selection between 10 gig fiber and microwave

    Hello everyone,
    my network is running OSPF as an IGP, i have a 10 gig Ethernet  fiber connected between two sites and a microwave link as a redundant connection.
    since ospf metric is cost ( or bandwidth ), the 10 gig ethernet connection is always preferred. however, sometimes the 10 gig link is flapping or the bit error rate is bad, is there anyway to change the path selection to go through the microwave when the bit error rate in the 10 gig link is bad or the link flaps ?
    basically can we make the path selection based on anything than the speed or cost ?

    Disclaimer
    The Author of this posting offers the information contained within this posting without consideration and with the reader's understanding that there's no implied or expressed suitability or fitness for any purpose. Information provided is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as rendering professional advice of any kind. Usage of this posting's information is solely at reader's own risk.
    Liability Disclaimer
    In no event shall Author be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages for loss of use, data or profit) arising out of the use or inability to use the posting's information even if Author has been advised of the possibility of such damage.
    Posting
    Bandwidth can be a metric to OER/PfR.  Much else can be used by OER/PfR.
    The intent of this technology is sort of described by the names, Optimized Edge Routing (v1) and Performance Routing (v2).
    Both can account for path bandwidth and/or analyze performance.
    Understand typical dynamic routing protocols keep track of paths between source and destination and some have a way to "weight" paths  (for example, OSPF link cost [which by RFC, hasn't nothing to do with bandwidth, but is often based on that]).
    OER/PfR, for example, can run their own SLA tests.
    Years ago, I set up OER in large dual MPLS/VPN environment.  Our initial "problem", after activation, our WAN performance monitoring tools (and our users!) no longer "saw" any WAN performance issues.  They were still happening, but OER "saw" them first, and worked around them before the monitoring tools saw them.

  • Path Selection Tool issues

    After reading up on some of the problems people are having with the path/shape changes in CC 2014, I haven't seen an exact mention of the problem I am having so here I am.
    2 part problem really:
    1. When using the Path Selection Tool or Direct Selection Tool, sometimes I am unable to switch to any other tool using a keyboard shortcut, regardless of isolation mode or Active/All layers toggles. I press Z or B or whatever, and nothing happens. I have to click the tool icon to get it to work. This seems to happen randomly.
    2. When using the Path Selection or Direct Selection Tool, after a few operations of moving points around, when I move to another layer to work on another shape the shape outline and the handles are not visible. When in All Layers mode, the layer is switched to the new shape as expected and the Properties panel shows details of the shape path but I can't see the outline. The only way I have found to 'fix' this is to draw a new shape or reopen the document or Photoshop itself.
    Are these 'problems' just me missing some new way of working brought into the shape tools or is it as borked as it seems?
    Thanks

    No I have been using CC for about 8 months or so. I updated to CC 2014 a couple of days ago. I have been using the shapes with no issues up till now. The changes to the shape system seemed to bring it closer to illustrator, so it was logical. A change from the past, but I thought I was up to speed with it.
    As for keystrokes to reproduce the problems I am having - that is part of the problem it seems kind of random as to when it happens.
    When working on a shape, pressing return will turn the outline on and off as expected. Pressing esc will turn it off as expected, double clicking will take it into isolation mode as expected but then sometimes, the whole outline becomes unresponsive and it isn't visible. The shape layer is selected and the layer selection changes as expected when I have All Layers mode on and I click different shapes. The path is also selected in the Path panel. It shows up in the properties window too. Clicking/double clicking the shape, return and esc make no difference. I don't get it its all happening randomly though
    Then I have the 'unable to switch tools' problem where shortcuts for different tools stop working. I have to click the tool icon to switch. Drawing a new shape brings it all back As I said in my first post, it could just be me missing something but i'm stumped. At this point i'm going to try a reinstall but I don't think it'll make much difference with something like this.
    Thanks for the reply though.

Maybe you are looking for

  • Print Word File from Oracle Report Builder 6.0

    Dear All I am using Reports 6 , I have a requirement that i have to print a word document (somewhere around 8 to 9 pages) after printing a report is there any way to execute the same. The word file has the details like agreement , etc so each and eve

  • Error while generating XMLP report

    Hi, I have generated a XML Publisher report using Application Engine (using row set). The process runs to NO success and the following error appears in the log file. xmlpublisher PTFOProcessor.generateOutput error. Exception:null Can anyone throw lig

  • Creation of transaction code

    hi, when i am coping a 'Z' program to another 'Z' program and trying to execute it by creating a transaction code it is going to short dump. What is the procedure for creating a user transaction code. thanks in advance

  • How i met with SAP

    Hello to everybody! What do you think about to write here, how you met SAP? I think many ppl would be interesting to know it Well, at university I studied at the Department of Information Technology. On the 3rd course (it was 2008) I first met with S

  • Translation of Columns and Table Names

    Hi, We are starting a large migration project and we have a mix of dutch and english developers. I was wondering if there is any clever ways to translate column names and table names. Not physically translate the text but store the english column nam