C- project certification question and material

Hi Gurus,
I want to know is there any cretification for  SAP C- Projects  could you please let me if any one has SAP done c-project certification questions, or any relevant sites wherein I can get the same.
Thanks in advance for your help,
Thanks
Ashish

Hi Ashish,
cProjects being a part of the PLM package, you would need to undergo SAP PLM certification. As per my knowledge, there is no separate cProjects suite certification available.
However, there are training programs conducted by SAP for cProjects and xRPM. You may get the details regarding these from the marketplace. Please refer https://websmp101.sap-ag.de/partnerportal/apj/home
Let me know if this helps.
Regards,
Vivek Pandey

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    Q. SOME DATA IS UPLOADED TWICE INTO INFOCUBE. HOW TO CORRECT IT?
    A: But how is it possible? If you load it manually twice, then you can delete it by requestID.
    Q. CAN U ADD A NEW FIELD AT THE ODS LEVEL?
    Sure you can. ODS is nothing but a table.
    Q. CAN NUMBER OF DATASOURCES HAVE ONE INFOSOURCE?
    A) Yes of course. For example, for loading text and hierarchies we use different data sources but the same InfoSource.
    Q. BRIEF THE DATAFLOW IN BW.
    A) Data flows from transactional system to analytical system (BW). DataSources on the transactional system needs to be replicated on BW side and attached to infosource and update rules respectively.
    Q. CURRENCY CONVERSIONS CAN BE WRITTEN IN UPDATE RULES. WHY NOT IN TRANSFER RULES?
    Q) WHAT IS PROCEDURE TO UPDATE DATA INTO DATA TARGETS?
    FULL and DELTA.
    Q) AS WE USE Sbwnn, sbiw1, sbiw2 for delta update in LIS THEN WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE IN LO-COCKPIT?
    No LIS in LO cockpit. We will have datasources and can be maintained (append fields). Refer white paper on LO-Cockpit extractions.
    Q) Why we delete the setup tables (LBWG) & fill them (OLI*BW)?
    A) Initially we don't delete the setup tables but when we do change in extract structure we go for it. We r changing the extract structure right, that means there are some newly added fields in that which r not before. So to get the required data (i.e.; the data which is required is taken and to avoid redundancy) we delete n then fill the setup tables.
    To refresh the statistical data. The extraction set up reads the dataset that you want to process such as, customers orders with the tables like VBAK, VBAP) & fills the relevant communication structure with the data. The data is stored in cluster tables from where it is read when the initialization is run. It is important that during initialization phase, no one generates or modifies application data, at least until the tables can be set up.
    Q) SIGNIFICANCE of ODS?
    It holds granular data (detailed level).
    Q) WHERE THE PSA DATA IS STORED?
    In PSA table.
    Q) WHAT IS DATA SIZE?
    The volume of data one data target holds (in no. of records)
    Q) Different types of INFOCUBES.
    Basic, Virtual (remote, sap remote and multi)
    Virtual Cube is used for example, if you consider railways reservation all the information has to be updated online. For designing the Virtual cube you have to write the function module that is linking to table, Virtual cube it is like a the structure, when ever the table is updated the virtual cube will fetch the data from table and display report Online... FYI.. you will get the information : https://www.sdn.sap.com/sdn/index.sdn and search for Designing Virtual Cube and you will get a good material designing the Function Module
    Q) INFOSET QUERY.
    Can be made of ODS's and Characteristic InfoObjects with masterdata.
    Q) IF THERE ARE 2 DATASOURCES HOW MANY TRANSFER STRUCTURES ARE THERE.
    In R/3 or in BW? 2 in R/3 and 2 in BW
    Q) ROUTINES?
    Exist in the InfoObject, transfer routines, update routines and start routine
    Q) BRIEF SOME STRUCTURES USED IN BEX.
    Rows and Columns, you can create structures.
    Q) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT VARIABLES USED IN BEX?
    Different Variable's are Texts, Formulas, Hierarchies, Hierarchy nodes & Characteristic values.
    Variable Types are
    Manual entry /default value
    Replacement path
    SAP exit
    Customer exit
    Authorization
    Q) HOW MANY LEVELS YOU CAN GO IN REPORTING?
    You can drill down to any level by using Navigational attributes and jump targets.
    Q) WHAT ARE INDEXES?
    Indexes are data base indexes, which help in retrieving data fastly.
    Q) DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2.1 AND 3.X VERSIONS.
    Help! Refer documentation
    Q) IS IT NESSESARY TO INITIALIZE EACH TIME THE DELTA UPDATE IS USED?
    No.
    Q) WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KPI'S?
    KPI's indicate the performance of a company. These are key figures
    Q) AFTER THE DATA EXTRACTION WHAT IS THE IMAGE POSITION.
    After image (correct me if I am wrong)
    Q) REPORTING AND RESTRICTIONS.
    Help! Refer documentation.
    Q) TOOLS USED FOR PERFORMANCE TUNING.
    ST22, Number ranges, delete indexes before load. Etc
    Q) PROCESS CHAINS: IF U has USED IT THEN HOW WILL U SCHEDULING DATA DAILY.
    There should be some tool to run the job daily (SM37 jobs)
    Q) AUTHORIZATIONS.
    Profile generator
    Q) WEB REPORTING.
    What are you expecting??
    Q) CAN CHARECTERSTIC INFOOBJECT CAN BE INFOPROVIDER.
    Of course
    Q) PROCEDURES OF REPORTING ON MULTICUBES
    Refer help. What are you expecting? MultiCube works on Union condition
    Q) EXPLAIN TRANPSORTATION OF OBJECTS?
    Dev-àQ and Dev-----àP
    Q) What types of partitioning are there for BW?
    There are two Partitioning Performance aspects for BW (Cube & PSA)
    Query Data Retrieval Performance Improvement:
    Partitioning by (say) Date Range improves data retrieval by making best use of database execution plans and indexes (of say Oracle database engine).
    B) Transactional Load Partitioning Improvement:
    Partitioning based on expected load volumes and data element sizes. Improves data loading into PSA and Cubes by infopackages (Eg. without timeouts).
    Q) How can I compare data in R/3 with data in a BW Cube after the daily delta loads? Are there any standard procedures for checking them or matching the number of records?
    A) You can go to R/3 TCode RSA3 and run the extractor. It will give you the number of records extracted. Then go to BW Monitor to check the number of records in the PSA and check to see if it is the same & also in the monitor header tab.
    A) RSA3 is a simple extractor checker program that allows you to rule out extracts problems in R/3. It is simple to use, but only really tells you if the extractor works. Since records that get updated into Cubes/ODS structures are controlled by Update Rules, you will not be able to determine what is in the Cube compared to what is in the R/3 environment. You will need to compare records on a 1:1 basis against records in R/3 transactions for the functional area in question. I would recommend enlisting the help of the end user community to assist since they presumably know the data.
    To use RSA3, go to it and enter the extractor ex: 2LIS_02_HDR. Click execute and you will see the record count, you can also go to display that data. You are not modifying anything so what you do in RSA3 has no effect on data quality afterwards. However, it will not tell you how many records should be expected in BW for a given load. You have that information in the monitor RSMO during and after data loads. From RSMO for a given load you can determine how many records were passed through the transfer rules from R/3, how many targets were updated, and how many records passed through the Update Rules. It also gives you error messages from the PSA.
    Q) Types of Transfer Rules?
    A) Field to Field mapping, Constant, Variable & routine.
    Q) Types of Update Rules?
    A) (Check box), Return table
    Q) Transfer Routine?
    A) Routines, which we write in, transfer rules.
    Q) Update Routine?
    A) Routines, which we write in Update rules
    Q) What is the difference between writing a routine in transfer rules and writing a routine in update rules?
    A) If you are using the same InfoSource to update data in more than one data target its better u write in transfer rules because u can assign one InfoSource to more than one data target & and what ever logic u write in update rules it is specific to particular one data target.
    Q) Routine with Return Table.
    A) Update rules generally only have one return value. However, you can create a routine in the tab strip key figure calculation, by choosing checkbox Return table. The corresponding key figure routine then no longer has a return value, but a return table. You can then generate as many key figure values, as you like from one data record.
    Q) Start routines?
    A) Start routines u can write in both updates rules and transfer rules, suppose you want to restrict (delete) some records based on conditions before getting loaded into data targets, then you can specify this in update rules-start routine.
    Ex: - Delete Data_Package ani ante it will delete a record based on the condition
    Q) X & Y Tables?
    X-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDs for time-independent navigation attributes.
    Y-table = A table to link material SIDs with SIDS for time-dependent navigation attributes.
    There are four types of sid tables
    X time independent navigational attributes sid tables
    Y time dependent navigational attributes sid tables
    H hierarchy sid tables
    I hierarchy structure sid tables
    Q) Filters & Restricted Key figures (real time example)
    Restricted KF's u can have for an SD cube: billed quantity, billing value, no: of billing documents as RKF's.
    Q) Line-Item Dimension (give me an real time example)
    Line-Item Dimension: Invoice no: or Doc no: is a real time example
    Q) What does the number in the 'Total' column in Transaction RSA7 mean?
    A) The 'Total' column displays the number of LUWs that were written in the delta queue and that have not yet been confirmed. The number includes the LUWs of the last delta request (for repetition of a delta request) and the LUWs for the next delta request. A LUW only disappears from the RSA7 display when it has been transferred to the BW System and a new delta request has been received from the BW System.
    Q) How to know in which table (SAP BW) contains Technical Name / Description and creation data of a particular Reports. Reports that are created using BEx Analyzer.
    A) There is no such table in BW if you want to know such details while you are opening a particular query press properties button you will come to know all the details that you wanted.
    You will find your information about technical names and description about queries in the following tables. Directory of all reports (Table RSRREPDIR) and Directory of the reporting component elements (Table RSZELTDIR) for workbooks and the connections to queries check Where- used list for reports in workbooks (Table RSRWORKBOOK) Titles of Excel Workbooks in InfoCatalog (Table RSRWBINDEXT)
    Q) What is a LUW in the delta queue?
    A) A LUW from the point of view of the delta queue can be an individual document, a group of documents from a collective run or a whole data packet of an application extractor.
    Q) Why does the number in the 'Total' column in the overview screen of Transaction RSA7 differ from the number of data records that is displayed when you call the detail view?
    A) The number on the overview screen corresponds to the total of LUWs (see also first question) that were written to the qRFC queue and that have not yet been confirmed. The detail screen displays the records contained in the LUWs. Both, the records belonging to the previous delta request and the records that do not meet the selection conditions of the preceding delta init requests are filtered out. Thus, only the records that are ready for the next delta request are displayed on the detail screen. In the detail screen of Transaction RSA7, a possibly existing customer exit is not taken into account.
    Q) Why does Transaction RSA7 still display LUWs on the overview screen after successful delta loading?
    A) Only when a new delta has been requested does the source system learn that the previous delta was successfully loaded to the BW System. Then, the LUWs of the previous delta may be confirmed (and also deleted). In the meantime, the LUWs must be kept for a possible delta request repetition. In particular, the number on the overview screen does not change when the first delta was loaded to the BW System.
    Q) Why are selections not taken into account when the delta queue is filled?
    A) Filtering according to selections takes place when the system reads from the delta queue. This is necessary for reasons of performance.
    Q) Why is there a DataSource with '0' records in RSA7 if delta exists and has also been loaded successfully?
    It is most likely that this is a DataSource that does not send delta data to the BW System via the delta queue but directly via the extractor (delta for master data using ALE change pointers). Such a DataSource should not be displayed in RSA7. This error is corrected with BW 2.0B Support Package 11.
    Q) Do the entries in table ROIDOCPRMS have an impact on the performance of the loading procedure from the delta queue?
    A) The impact is limited. If performance problems are related to the loading process from the delta queue, then refer to the application-specific notes (for example in the CO-PA area, in the logistics cockpit area and so on).
    Caution: As of Plug In 2000.2 patch 3 the entries in table ROIDOCPRMS are as effective for the delta queue as for a full update. Please note, however, that LUWs are not split during data loading for consistency reasons. This means that when very large LUWs are written to the DeltaQueue, the actual package size may differ considerably from the MAXSIZE and MAXLINES parameters.
    Q) Why does it take so long to display the data in the delta queue (for example approximately 2 hours)?
    A) With Plug In 2001.1 the display was changed: the user has the option of defining the amount of data to be displayed, to restrict it, to selectively choose the number of a data record, to make a distinction between the 'actual' delta data and the data intended for repetition and so on.
    Q) What is the purpose of function 'Delete data and meta data in a queue' in RSA7? What exactly is deleted?
    A) You should act with extreme caution when you use the deletion function in the delta queue. It is comparable to deleting an InitDelta in the BW System and should preferably be executed there. You do not only delete all data of this DataSource for the affected BW System, but also lose the entire information concerning the delta initialization. Then you can only request new deltas after another delta initialization.
    When you delete the data, the LUWs kept in the qRFC queue for the corresponding target system are confirmed. Physical deletion only takes place in the qRFC outbound queue if there are no more references to the LUWs.
    The deletion function is for example intended for a case where the BW System, from which the delta initialization was originally executed, no longer exists or can no longer be accessed.
    Q) Why does it take so long to delete from the delta queue (for example half a day)?
    A) Import PlugIn 2000.2 patch 3. With this patch the performance during deletion is considerably improved.
    Q) Why is the delta queue not updated when you start the V3 update in the logistics cockpit area?
    A) It is most likely that a delta initialization had not yet run or that the delta initialization was not successful. A successful delta initialization (the corresponding request must have QM status 'green' in the BW System) is a prerequisite for the application data being written in the delta queue.
    Q) What is the relationship between RSA7 and the qRFC monitor (Transaction SMQ1)?
    A) The qRFC monitor basically displays the same data as RSA7. The internal queue name must be used for selection on the initial screen of the qRFC monitor. This is made up of the prefix 'BW, the client and the short name of the DataSource. For DataSources whose name are 19 characters long or shorter, the short name corresponds to the name of the DataSource. For DataSources whose name is longer than 19 characters (for delta-capable DataSources only possible as of PlugIn 2001.1) the short name is assigned in table ROOSSHORTN.
    In the qRFC monitor you cannot distinguish between repeatable and new LUWs. Moreover, the data of a LUW is displayed in an unstructured manner there.
    Q) Why are the data in the delta queue although the V3 update was not started?
    A) Data was posted in background. Then, the records are updated directly in the delta queue (RSA7). This happens in particular during automatic goods receipt posting (MRRS). There is no duplicate transfer of records to the BW system. See Note 417189.
    Q) Why does button 'Repeatable' on the RSA7 data details screen not only show data loaded into BW during the last delta but also data that were newly added, i.e. 'pure' delta records?
    A) Was programmed in a way that the request in repeat mode fetches both actually repeatable (old) data and new data from the source system.
    Q) I loaded several delta inits with various selections. For which one is the delta loaded?
    A) For delta, all selections made via delta inits are summed up. This means, a delta for the 'total' of all delta initializations is loaded.
    Q) How many selections for delta inits are possible in the system?
    A) With simple selections (intervals without complicated join conditions or single values), you can make up to about 100 delta inits. It should not be more.
    With complicated selection conditions, it should be only up to 10-20 delta inits.
    Reason: With many selection conditions that are joined in a complicated way, too many 'where' lines are generated in the generated ABAP source code that may exceed the memory limit.
    Q) I intend to copy the source system, i.e. make a client copy. What will happen with may delta? Should I initialize again after that?
    A) Before you copy a source client or source system, make sure that your deltas have been fetched from the DeltaQueue into BW and that no delta is pending. After the client copy, an inconsistency might occur between BW delta tables and the OLTP delta tables as described in Note 405943. After the client copy, Table ROOSPRMSC will probably be empty in the OLTP since this table is client-independent. After the system copy, the table will contain the entries with the old logical system name that are no longer useful for further delta loading from the new logical system. The delta must be initialized in any case since delta depends on both the BW system and the source system. Even if no dump 'MESSAGE_TYPE_X' occurs in BW when editing or creating an InfoPackage, you should expect that the delta have to be initialized after the copy.
    Q) Is it allowed in Transaction SMQ1 to use the functions for manual control of processes?
    A) Use SMQ1 as an instrument for diagnosis and control only. Make changes to BW queues only after informing the BW Support or only if this is explicitly requested in a note for component 'BC-BW' or 'BW-WHM-SAPI'.
    Q) Despite of the delta request being started after completion of the collective run (V3 update), it does not contain all documents. Only another delta request loads the missing documents into BW. What is the cause for this "splitting"?
    A) The collective run submits the open V2 documents for processing to the task handler, which processes them in one or several parallel update processes in an asynchronous way. For this reason, plan a sufficiently large "safety time window" between the end of the collective run in the source system and the start of the delta request in BW. An alternative solution where this problem does not occur is described in Note 505700.
    Q) Despite my deleting the delta init, LUWs are still written into the DeltaQueue?
    A) In general, delta initializations and deletions of delta inits should always be carried out at a time when no posting takes place. Otherwise, buffer problems may occur: If a user started the internal mode at a time when the delta initialization was still active, he/she posts data into the queue even though the initialization had been deleted in the meantime. This is the case in your system.
    Q) In SMQ1 (qRFC Monitor) I have status 'NOSEND'. In the table TRFCQOUT, some entries have the status 'READY', others 'RECORDED'. ARFCSSTATE is 'READ'. What do these statuses mean? Which values in the field 'Status' mean what and which values are correct and which are alarming? Are the statuses BW-specific or generally valid in qRFC?
    A) Table TRFCQOUT and ARFCSSTATE: Status READ means that the record was read once either in a delta request or in a repetition of the delta request. However, this does not mean that the record has successfully reached the BW yet. The status READY in the TRFCQOUT and RECORDED in the ARFCSSTATE means that the record has been written into the DeltaQueue and will be loaded into the BW with the next delta request or a repetition of a delta. In any case only the statuses READ, READY and RECORDED in both tables are considered to be valid. The status EXECUTED in TRFCQOUT can occur temporarily. It is set before starting a DeltaExtraction for all records with status READ present at that time. The records with status EXECUTED are usually deleted from the queue in packages within a delta request directly after setting the status before extracting a new delta. If you see such records, it means that either a process which is confirming and deleting records which have been loaded into the BW is successfully running at the moment, or, if the records remain in the table for a longer period of time with status EXECUTED, it is likely that there are problems with deleting the records which have already been successfully been loaded into the BW. In this state, no more deltas are loaded into the BW. Every other status is an indicator for an error or an inconsistency. NOSEND in SMQ1 means nothing (see note 378903).
    The value 'U' in field 'NOSEND' of table TRFCQOUT is discomforting.
    Q) The extract structure was changed when the DeltaQueue was empty. Afterwards new delta records were written to the DeltaQueue. When loading the delta into the PSA, it shows that some fields were moved. The same result occurs when the contents of the DeltaQueue are listed via the detail display. Why are the data displayed differently? What can be done?
    Make sure that the change of the extract structure is also reflected in the database and that all servers are synchronized. We recommend to reset the buffers using Transaction $SYNC. If the extract structure change is not communicated synchronously to the server where delta records are being created, the records are written with the old structure until the new structure has been generated. This may have disastrous consequences for the delta.
    When the problem occurs, the delta needs to be re-initialized.
    Q) How and where can I control whether a repeat delta is requested?
    A) Via the status of the last delta in the BW Request Monitor. If the request is RED, the next load will be of type 'Repeat'. If you need to repeat the last load for certain reasons, set the request in the monitor to red manually. For the contents of the repeat see Question 14. Delta requests set to red despite of data being already updated lead to duplicate records in a subsequent repeat, if they have not been deleted from the data targets concerned before.
    Q) As of PI 2003.1, the Logistic Cockpit offers various types of update methods. Which update method is recommended in logistics? According to which criteria should the decision be made? How can I choose an update method in logistics?
    See the recommendation in Note 505700.
    Q) Are there particular recommendations regarding the data volume the DeltaQueue may grow to without facing the danger of a read failure due to memory problems?
    A) There is no strict limit (except for the restricted number range of the 24-digit QCOUNT counter in the LUW management table - which is of no practical importance, however - or the restrictions regarding the volume and number of records in a database table).
    When estimating "smooth" limits, both the number of LUWs is important and the average data volume per LUW. As a rule, we recommend to bundle data (usually documents) already when writing to the DeltaQueue to keep number of LUWs small (partly this can be set in the applications, e.g. in the Logistics Cockpit). The data volume of a single LUW should not be considerably larger than 10% of the memory available to the work process for data extraction (in a 32-bit architecture with a memory volume of about 1GByte per work process, 100 Mbytes per LUW should not be exceeded). That limit is of rather small practical importance as well since a comparable limit already applies when writing to the DeltaQueue. If the limit is observed, correct reading is guaranteed in most cases.
    If the number of LUWs cannot be reduced by bundling application transactions, you should at least make sure that the data are fetched from all connected BWs as quickly as possible. But for other, BW-specific, reasons, the frequency should not be higher than one DeltaRequest per hour.
    To avoid memory problems, a program-internal limit ensures that never more than 1 million LUWs are read and fetched from the database per DeltaRequest. If this limit is reached within a request, the DeltaQueue must be emptied by several successive DeltaRequests. We recommend, however, to try not to reach that limit but trigger the fetching of data from the connected BWs already when the number of LUWs reaches a 5-digit value.
    Q) I would like to display the date the data was uploaded on the report. Usually, we load the transactional data nightly. Is there any easy way to include this information on the report for users? So that they know the validity of the report.
    A) If I understand your requirement correctly, you want to display the date on which data was loaded into the data target from which the report is being executed. If it is so, configure your workbook to display the text elements in the report. This displays the relevance of data field, which is the date on which the data load has taken place.
    Q) Can we filter the fields at Transfer Structure?
    Q) Can we load data directly into infoobject with out extraction is it possible.
    Yes. We can copy from other infoobject if it is same. We load data from PSA if it is already in PSA.
    Q) HOW MANY DAYS CAN WE KEEP THE DATA IN PSA, IF WE R SHEDULED DAILY, WEEKLY AND MONTHLY.
    a) We can set the time.
    Q) HOW CAN U GET THE DATA FROM CLIENT IF U R WORKING ON OFFSHORE PROJECTS. THROUGH WHICH NETWORK.
    a) VPN…………….Virtual Private Network, VPN is nothing but one sort of network where we can connect to the client systems sitting in offshore through RAS (Remote access server).
    Q) HOW CAN U ANALIZE THE PROJECT AT FIRST?
    Prepare Project Plan and Environment
    Define Project Management Standards and
    Procedures
    Define Implementation Standards and Procedures
    Testing & Go-live + supporting.
    Q) THERE is one ODS AND 4 INFOCUBES. WE SEND DATA AT TIME TO ALL CUBES IF ONE CUBE GOT LOCK ERROR. HOW CAN U RECTIFY THE ERROR?
    Go to TCode sm66 then see which one is locked select that pid from there and goto sm12
    TCode then unlock it this is happened when lock errors are occurred when u scheduled.
    Q) Can anybody tell me how to add a navigational attribute in the BEx report in the rows?
    A) Expand dimension under left side panel (that is infocube panel) select than navigational attributes drag and drop under rows panel.
    Q) IF ANY TRASACTION CODE LIKE SMPT OR STMT.
    In current systems (BW 3.0B and R/3 4.6B) these Tcodes don't exist!
    Q) WHAT IS TRANSACTIONAL CUBE?
    A) Transactional InfoCubes differ from standard InfoCubes in that the former have an improved write access performance level. Standard InfoCubes are technically optimized for read-only access and for a comparatively small number of simultaneous accesses. Instead, the transactional InfoCube was developed to meet the demands of SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM), meaning that, data is written to the InfoCube (possibly by several users at the same time) and re-read as soon as possible. Standard Basic cubes are not suitable for this.
    Q) Is there any way to delete cube contents within update rules from an ODS data source? The reason for this would be to delete (or zero out) a cube record in an "Open Order" cube if the open order quantity was 0.
    I've tried using the 0recordmode but that doesn't work. Also, would it
    be easier to write a program that would be run after the load and delete
    the records with a zero open qty?
    A) START routine for update rules u can write ABAP code.
    A) Yap, you can do it. Create a start routine in Update rule.
    It is not "Deleting cube contents with update rules" It is only possible to avoid that some content is updated into the InfoCube using the start routine. Loop at all the records and delete the record that has the condition. "If the open order quantity was 0" You have to think also in before and after images in case of a delta upload. In that case you may delete the change record and keep the old and after the change the wrong information.
    Q) I am not able to access a node in hierarchy directly using variables for reports. When I am using Tcode RSZV it is giving a message that it doesn't exist in BW 3.0 and it is embedded in BEx. Can any one tell me the other options to get the same functionality in BEx?
    A) Tcode RSZV is used in the earlier version of 3.0B only. From 3.0B onwards, it's possible in the Query Designer (BEx) itself. Just right click on the InfoObject for which you want to use as variables and precede further selecting variable type and processing types.
    Q) Wondering how can I get the values, for an example, if I run a report for month range 01/2004 - 10/2004 then monthly value is actually divide by the number of months that I selected. Which variable should I use?
    Q) Why is it every time I switch from Info Provider to InfoObject or from one item to another while in modeling I always get this message " Reading Data " or "constructing workbench" in it runs for minutes.... anyway to stop this?
    Q) Can any one give me info on how the BW delta works also would like to know about 'before image and after image' am currently in a BW project and have to write start routines for delta load.
    Q) I am very new to BW. I would like to clarify a doubt regarding Delta extractor. If I am correct, by using delta extractors the data that has already been scheduled will not be uploaded again. Say for a specific scenario, Sales. Now I have uploaded all the sales order created till yesterday into the cube. Now say I make changes to any of the open record, which was already uploaded. Now what happens when I schedule it again? Will the same record be uploaded again with the changes or will the changes get affected to the previous record.
    A)
    Q) In BW we need to write abap routines. I wish to know when and what type of abap routines we got to write. Also, are these routines written in update rules? I will be glad, if this is clarified with real-time scenarios and few examples?
    A) Over here we write our routines in the start routines in the update rules or in the transfer structure (you can choose between writing them in the start routines or directly behind the different characteristics. In the transfer structure you just click on the yellow triangle behind a characteristic and choose "routine". In the update rules you can choose "start routine" or click on the triangle with the green square behind an individual characteristic. Usually we only use start routine when it does not concern one single characteristic (for example when you have to read the same table for 4 characteristics). I hope this helps.
    We used ABAP Routines for example:
    To convert to Uppercase (transfer structure)
    To convert Values out of a third party tool with different keys into the same keys as our SAP System uses (transfer structure)
    To select only a part of the data for from an infosource updating the InfoCube (Start Routine) etc.
    Q) What is ODS?
    A) An ODS object acts as a storage location for consolidated and cleaned-up transaction data (transaction data or master data, for example) on the document (atomic) level.
    This data can be evaluated using a BEx query.
    Standard ODS Object
    Transactional ODS object:
    The data is immediately available here for reporting. For implementation, compare with the Transactional ODS Object.
    A transactional ODS object differs from a standard ODS object in the way it prepares data. In a standard ODS object, data is stored in different versions ((new) delta, active, (change log) modified), where as a transactional ODS object contains the data in a single version. Therefore, data is stored in precisely the same form in which it was written to the transactional ODS object by the application. In BW, you can use a transaction ODS object as a data target for an analysis process.
    The transactional ODS object is also required by diverse applications, such as SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM) for example, as well as other external applications.
    Transactional ODS objects allow data to be available quickly. The data from this kind of ODS object is accessed transactionally, that is, data is written to the ODS object (possibly by several users at the same time) and reread as soon as possible.
    It offers no replacement for the standard ODS object. Instead, an additional function displays those that can be used for special applications.
    The transactional ODS object simply consists of a table for active data. It retrieves its data from external systems via fill- or delete- APIs. The loading process is not supported by the BW system. The advantage to the way it is structured is that data is easy to access. They are made available for reporting immediately after being loaded.
    Q) What does InfoCube contains?
    A) Each InfoCube has one FactTable & a maximum of 16 (13+3 system defined, time, unit & data packet) dimensions.
    Q) What does FACT Table contain?
    A FactTable consists of KeyFigures.
    Each Fact Table can contain a maximum of 233 key figures.
    Dimension can contain up to 248 freely available characteristics.
    Q) How many dimensions are in a CUBE?
    A) 16 dimensions. (13 user defined & 3 system pre-defined )
    Q) What does SID Table contain?
    SID keys linked with dimension table & master data tables (attributes, texts, hierarchies)
    Q) What does ATTRIBUTE Table contain?
    Master attribute data
    Q) What does TEXT Table contain?
    Master text data, short text, long text, medium text & language key if it is language dependent
    Q) What does Hierarchy table contain?

    Hi DST
    This is a great effort and gesture. thank you on behalf of all the newbies.
    PJ

  • Organization Management Interview Questions and Answers  Extremely Urgent

    Hi,
    Please let me know Organization Management Interview Questions and Answers. MOST MOST URGENT
    Please do not post Link or website name and detail response will be highly appreciated.
    Very Respectfully,
    Sameer.
    SAP HR .

    Hi there,
    Pl. find herewith the answers of the questions posted on the forum.
    1. What are plan versions used for?
    Ans : Plan versions are scenarios in which you can create organizational plans.
    •     In the plan version which you have flagged as the active plan version, you create your current valid organizational plan. This is also the integration plan version which will be used if integration with Personnel Administration is active.
    •     You use additional plan versions to create additional organizational plans as planning scenarios.
    As a rule, a plan version contains one organizational structure, that is, one root organizational unit. It is, however, possible to create more than one root organizational unit, that is more than one organizational structure in a plan version.
    For more information on creating plan versions, see the Implementation Guide (IMG), under Personnel Management  Global Settings in Personnel Management  Plan Version Maintenance.
    2. What are the basic object types?
    Ans. An organization object type has an attribute that refers to an object of the organization management (position, job, user, and so on). The organization object type is linked to a business object type.
    Example
    The business object type BUS1001 (material) has the organization object type T024L (laboratory) as the attribute that on the other hand has an object of the organization management as the attribute. Thus, a specific material is linked with particular employees using an assigned laboratory.
    3. What is the difference between a job and a position?
    Ans. Job is not a concrete, it is General holding various task to perform which is generic.(Eg: Manager, General Manager, Executive).
    Positions are related to persons and Position is concrete and specific which are occupied by Persons. (Eg: Manager - HR, GM – HR, Executive - HR).
    4. What is the difference between an organizational unit and a work centre?
    Ans. Work Centre : A work center is an organizational unit that represents a suitably-equipped zone where assigned operations can be performed. A zone is a physical location in a site dedicated to a specific function. 
    Organization Unit : Organizational object (object key O) used to form the basis of an organizational plan. Organizational units are functional units in an enterprise. According to how tasks are divided up within an enterprise, these can be departments, groups or project teams, for example.
    Organizational units differ from other units in an enterprise such as personnel areas, company codes, business areas etc. These are used to depict structures (administration or accounting) in the corresponding components.
    5. Where can you maintain relationships between objects?
    Ans. Infotype 1001 that defines the Relationships between different objects.
    There are many types of possible relationships between different objects. Each individual relationship is actually a subtype or category of the Relationships infotype.
    Certain relationships can only be assigned to certain objects. That means that when you create relationship infotype records, you must select a relationship that is suitable for the two objects involved. For example, a relationship between two organizational units might not make any sense for a work center and a job.
    6. What are the main areas of the Organization and Staffing user interfaces?
    Ans. You use the user interface in the Organization and Staffing or Organization and Staffing (Workflow) view to create, display and edit organizational plans.
    The user interface is divided into various areas, each of it which fulfills specific functions.
    Search Area
    Selection Area
    Overview Area
    Details Area
    Together, the search area and the selection area make up the Object Manager.
    7. What is Expert Mode used for?
    Ans. interface is used to create Org structure. Using Infotypes we can create Objects in Expert mode and we have to use different transactions to create various types of objects.  If the company needs to create a huge structure, we will use Simple maintenance, because it is user friendly that is it is easy to create a structure, the system automatically relationship between the objects.
    8. Can you create cost centers in Expert Mode?
    Ans. Probably not. You create cost center assignments to assign a cost center to an organizational unit, or position.
    When you create a cost center assignment, the system creates a relationship record between the organizational unit or position and the cost center. (This is relationship A/B 011.) No assignment percentage record can be entered.
    9. Can you assign people to jobs in Expert Mode?
    10. Can you use the organizational structure to create a matrix organization?
    Ans. By depicting your organizational units and the hierarchical or matrix relationships between them, you model the organizational structure of your enterprise.
    This organizational structure is the basis for the creation of an organizational plan, as every position in your enterprise is assigned to an organizational unit. This defines the reporting structure.
    11. In general structure maintenance, is it possible to represent the legal entity of organizational units?
    12. What is the Object Infotype (1000) used for?
    Ans. Infotype that determines the existence of an organizational object.
    As soon as you have created an object using this infotype, you can determine additional object characteristics and relationships to other objects using other infotypes.
    To create new objects you must:
    •     Define a validity period for the object
    •     Provide an abbreviation to represent the object
    •     Provide a brief description of the object
    The validity period you apply to the object automatically limits the validity of any infotype records you append to the object. The validity periods for appended infotype records cannot exceed that of the Object infotype.
    The abbreviation assigned to an object in the system renders it easily identifiable. It is helpful to use easily recognizable abbreviations.
    You can change abbreviations and descriptions at a later time by editing object infotype records. However, you cannot change an object’s validity period in this manner. This must be done using the Delimit function.
    You can also delete the objects you create. However, if you delete an object the system erases all record of the object from the database. You should only delete objects if they are not valid at all (for example, if you create an object accidentally)
    13. What is the Relationships Infotype (1001) used for?
    Ans. Infotype that defines the Relationships between different objects.
    You indicate that a employee or user holds a position by creating a relationship infotype record between the position and the employee or user. Relationships between various organizational units form the organizational structure in your enterprise. You identify the tasks that the holder of a position must perform by creating relationship infotype records between individual tasks and a position.
    Creating and editing relationship infotype records is an essential part of setting up information in the Organizational Management component. Without relationships, all you have are isolated pieces of information.
    You must decide the types of relationship record you require for your organizational structure.
    If you work in Infotype Maintenance, you must create relationship records manually. However, if you work in Simple Maintenance and Structural Graphics, the system creates certain relationships automatically.
    14. Which status can Infotypes in the Organizational Management component have?
    Ans. Once you have created the basic framework of your organizational plan in Simple Maintenance, you can create and maintain all infotypes allowed for individual objects in your organizational plan. These can be the basic object types of Organizational Management – organizational unit, position, work center and task. You can also maintain object types, which do not belong to Organizational Management.
    15. What is an evaluation path?
    Ans. An evaluation path describes a chain of relationships that exists between individual organizational objects in the organizational plan.
    Evaluation paths are used in connection with the definition of roles and views.
    The evaluation path O-S-P describes the relationship chain Organizational unit > Position > Employee.
    Evaluation paths are used to select other objects from one particular organizational object. The system evaluates the organizational plan along the evaluation path.
    Starting from an organizational unit, evaluation path O-S-P is used to establish all persons who belong to this organizational unit or subordinate organizational units via their positions.
    16. What is Managers Desktop used for?
    Ans. Manager's Desktop assists in the performance of administrative and organizational management tasks. In addition to functions in Personnel Management, Manager's Desktop also covers other application components like Controlling, where it supports manual planning or the information system for cost centers.
    17. Is it possible to set up new evaluation paths in Customizing?
    Ans. You can use the evaluation paths available or define your own. Before creating new evaluation paths, check the evaluation paths available as standard.
    18. Which situations require new evaluation paths?
    Ans. When using an evaluation path in a view, you should consider the following:
    Define the evaluation path in such a manner that the relationship chain always starts from a user (object type US in Organizational Management) and ends at an organizational unit, a position or a user.
    When defining the evaluation path, use the Skip indicator in order not to overload the result of the evaluation.
    19. How do you set up integration between Personnel Administration and Organizational Management?
    Ans. Integration between the Organizational Management and Personnel Administration components enables you to,
    Use data from one component in the other
    Keep data in the two components consistent
    Basically its relationship between person and position.
    Objects in the integration plan version in the Organizational Management component must also be contained in the following Personnel Administration tables:
    Tables                    Objects
    T528B and T528T     Positions
    T513S and T513     Jobs
    T527X                    Organizational units
    If integration is active and you create or delete these objects in Organizational Management transactions, the system also creates or deletes the corresponding entries automatically in the tables mentioned above. Entries that were created automatically are indicated by a "P". You cannot change or delete them manually. Entries you create manually cannot have the "P" indicator (the entry cannot be maintained manually).
    You can transfer either the long or the short texts of Organizational Management objects to the Personnel Administration tables. You do this in the Implementation Guide under Organizational Management -> Integration -> Integration with Personnel Administration -> Set Up Integration with Personnel Administration. If you change these control entries at a later date, you must also change the relevant table texts. To do that you use the report RHINTE10 (Prepare Integration (OM with PA)).
    When you activate integration for the first time, you must ensure that the Personnel Administration and the Organizational Management databases are consistent. To do this, you use the reports:
    •        RHINTE00 (Adopt organizational assignment  (PA to PD))
    •        RHINTE10 (Prepare Integration (PD to PA))
    •        RHINTE20 (Check Program Integration PA - PD)
    •        RHINTE30 (Create Batch Input Folder for Infotype 0001)
    The following table entries are also required:
    •        PLOGI PRELI in Customizing for Organizational Management (under Set Up Integration with Personnel Administration). This entry defines the standard position number.
    •        INTE in table T77FC
    •        INTE_PS, INTE_OSP, INTEBACK, INTECHEK and INTEGRAT in Customizing under Global Settings ® Maintain Evaluation Paths.
    These table entries are included in the SAP standard system. You must not change them.
    Since integration enables you to create relationships between persons and positions (A/B 008), you may be required to include appropriate entries to control the validation of these relationships. You make the necessary settings for this check in Customizing under Global Settings ® Maintain Relationships.
    Sincerely,
    Devang Nandha
    "Together, Transform Business Process by leveraging Information Technology to Grow and Excel in Business".

  • SD Certification questions

    Hi all,
    Is there any way to get the SD certification questions anywhere
    I want to gothrough many.If some one has please let me know, I will contact .Please help me as much as possible on this
    Regards
    Mano

    Dear Mano,
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTIONS
    I BASIS KNOWLEDGE AND SYSTEM NAVIGATION
    1. Name two ways to start a transaction.
    answer: Dynamic Menu and Command Field
    2. Why do you create user*specific parameters?
    Answer: They supply defaults to R/3 fields. If a field is indicated, the system automatically fills in
    default value. Depending on the field definition, the entry can also be replaced with a value
    entered by the user. (Concept of PARAMETER ID)
    3. Name the three different kinds of messages in the R/3 system. What is the difference
    between them?
    A message can have five different types. These message types have the following effects during
    list processing:
    A (=Abend):
    The system displays a message of this message type in a dialog window. After the user confirms
    the message using ENTER, the system terminates the entire transaction (for example SE38).
    E (=Error) or W (=Warning):
    The system displays a message of this message type in the status line. After the user chooses
    ENTER, the system acts as follows:
    While creating the basic list, the system terminates the report.
    While creating a secondary list, the system terminates the corresponding processing block and
    keeps displaying the previous list level.
    I (=Information):
    The system displays a message of this message type in a dialog window. After the user chooses
    ENTER, the system resumes processing at the current program position.
    S (=Success):
    The system displays a message of this message type on the output screen in the status line of the
    currently created list.
    4. What is a data dictionary or repository?
    Central catalog that contains the descriptions of an organization's data and provides information
    about the relationships between the data and its use in programs and screens.
    The data descriptions in a Data Dictionary are also called metadata, i.e., data that describes other
    data.
    The ABAP/4 Dictionary stores system*wide data definitions. When you create a new data
    definition, the Dictionary tool does all the processing necessary to create the definition. You can
    use the Dictionary tool to look up the "definition" of objects in your R/3 System.
    5. What is a matchcode?
    Comparison key. A matchcode allows you to locate the key of a particular database record (e.g.
    account number) by entering any field value contained in the record. The system then displays a
    list of records matching the specifications.
    If you want an end user to see a specific menu after logging on the R/3 system, how could you do
    that?
    User maintenance transactions allow the system administrator to create and maintain user master
    records. This includes the generation and assignment of authorizations and authorization profiles.
    1
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    II CORPORATE STRUCTURE
    In R/3 you can represent a company's structure by defining and assigning corporate structure
    elements. What is the purpose of doing that?
    Enterprise organization diagram.
    Chart showing the organizational structure of an enterprise, its organization units and how they are
    related. A combined structure can be created from the point of view of accounting, MM, SD. This
    structure forms a framework in which all business transactions can be processed.
    Which three organizational elements make up a sales area and briefly explain their function?
    Sales organization: An organizational unit that sells and distributes products, negotiates terms of sale,
    and is responsible for these transactions.
    Distribution channel: Channel through which salable materials or services reach customers. Typical
    distribution channels include wholesale, retail and direct sales. You can assign a distribution channel to
    one or more sales organizations.
    Division: Product groups can be defined for a wide*ranging spectrum of products. For every division
    you can make customer*specific agreements on, for example, partial deliveries, pricing and terms of
    payment. Within a division you can carry out statistical analyses or set up separate marketing.
    Name the three internal organizational elements within a sales organization and briefly
    explain their function.
    Sales Office
    Geographical aspects of the organization in business development and sales are defined using the term
    sales office. A sales office can be considered as a subsidiary.
    Sales offices are assigned to sales areas. If you enter a sales order for a sales office within a certain
    sales area, the sales office must be assigned to that area.
    Sales Group. The staff of a sales office may be subdivided into sales groups. For example, sales groups
    can be defined for individual divisions.
    Sales Persons
    Individual personnel master records are used to manage data about salespersons. You can assign a
    sales person to a sales group in the personnel master record.
    What does the term "business area" refer to and how can it be used?
    Business Area. The system posts costs and revenue according to the business area. The business
    area can be equivalent to the:
    sales area (if the accounts are to be posted according to sales)
    plant/division (if the accounts are to be posted according to products)
    The business area is defined in Customizing for Sales.
    Business area. A unit in an enterprise, grouping product and market combinations as homogeneously
    as possible for the purpose of developing unified business policy.
    Financial Accounting (FI). A business area is an organizational unit within financial accounting which
    represents a separate area of operations or responsibilities within an organization. Financial accounting
    transactions can be allocated to a specific business area.
    Briefly explain the relationship between sales organizations and company codes.
    Many to One.
    What is the central organizational element in purchasing?
    Purchasing Organization.
    Explain the relationship between sales organizations and plants.
    Many to Many.
    Explain the relationship between sales organizations, plants and company codes.
    Many to Many to One.
    Can one business area be assigned to several company codes? Which (sub) module of SAP could make
    business areas obsolete?
    Yes in CO .
    2
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    What is a credit control area? What relationship exists between credit control areas and
    company codes?
    Credit control area. Organizational unit in an organization that specifies and checks credit limits for
    customers. A credit control area can include one or more company codes. It is not possible to assign a
    company code to more than one credit control areas.
    Which organizational element is central in shipping? Give a definition of it.
    Shipping Point: Organizational unit at a fixed location that carries out shipping activities. A shipping
    point could, for example, be a company's mail department or a plant's rail depot. Each delivery is
    processed by only one shipping point.
    Give a definition of plant (in SAP).
    Organizational unit within Logistics, serving to subdivide an enterprise according to production,
    procurement, maintenance, and materials planning aspects.
    A plant is a place where either materials are produced or goods and services provided.
    Classification: Business object
    Structure: A plant can assume a variety of roles:
    As a maintenance plant, it includes the maintenance objects that are spatially located within this plant.
    The maintenance tasks that are to be performed are specified within a maintenance planning plant.
    As a retail or wholesale site, it makes merchandise available for distribution and sale.
    As a rule, the plant is the organizational unit for material valuation.
    The preferred shipping point for a plant is defined as the default shipping point, which depends on the
    shipping condition and the loading condition.
    For the placement of materials in storage (stock put*away), a storage location is assigned to a plant.
    The storage location depends on the storage condition and the stock placement situation.
    The business area that is responsible for a valuation area is determined as a function of the division.
    As a rule, a valuation area corresponds to a plant.
    Can you assign two different sales organization to the same company code?
    Yes.
    To what do you assign distribution channels and divisions?
    Sales Organizations.
    What are the highest organizational units in SD, MM.PP,FI,CO?
    SD: Sales Organizations.
    M: Plant
    PP: Plant
    FI: Company Code
    CO: Controlling Area
    Can you further subdivide a plant? If yes into what ?
    A plant can be subdivided into storage locations, allowing stocks of materials to be broken down
    according to predefined criteria (e.g., location and materials planning aspects).
    A plant can be subdivided into locations and operational areas. Subdivision into locations takes
    geographical criteria into account, whereas subdivision into operational areas reflects responsibilities
    for production.
    Can a sales organization sell from a plant belonging to a different company code?
    Yes.
    How many shipping points can you assign to a plant?
    Many.
    How many shipping points can you assign to a sales organization?
    None.
    If you have a warehouse management system active, to what would you assign the warehouse
    number?
    Plant & Storage Location.
    3
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    III MASTER DATA
    Why does the customer master have different views?
    In addition to the sales and distribution data, the accounting data is also important for a payer.
    Therefore one can create a customer master record centrally for the following partner functions:
    For the payer
    For the sold*to party who, in addition to the other partner functions, also takes on the function of the
    payer.
    Which different partner functions can a customer master record serve?
    Customer:
    sold*to party
    ship*to party
    payer
    bill*to party
    One*time customer including all partner functions.
    What is the structure of data in the customer master record?
    Different data is maintained in each of the three areas:
    General data, like address and telephone number, etc., is maintained for every customer. This data is
    only identified by the customer number, not by company code or sales area. Maintaining the data is
    possible from both the accounting view and the sales and distribution view.
    Company code data is only of interest for the accounting department. It includes, for example,
    information on insurance or account management. This data applies to only one company code.
    Sales and distribution data is only of interest for the sales and distribution department. It includes, for
    example, data on pricing or shipping. This data only applies to one sales area, and therefore is
    dependent on the sales structure (sales organization, distribution channel, division).
    Would you have different customer numbers if your customer was serviced by more than
    one company code?
    No.
    Would you have different customer numbers if your customer was serviced by more than
    one sales organization?
    No.
    A material is produced in plant Boston, plant Dallas and in plant Chicago. How many
    different material master number do you need?
    Only one.
    Is it possible to have different data for the same customer for different sales areas?
    Yes.
    Give examples of general data in the customer master record ?
    Address, Control data, Marketing, Payment transactions, Contact person, Unloading points.
    Give examples of general data in the material master record ?
    This level contains the data applicable to all individual group companies, all plants, and all
    warehouses/stores belonging to an enterprise (corporate group). Examples of general data are details
    on a material's design (CAD drawings, for instance) and storage conditions (temperature range,
    whether the material is explosive or perishable, and so on).
    Give examples of company codespecific data in the customer master record?
    This data is only of importance to the accounting department. It includes, for example, data on
    insurance and account management. Company code data only applies to one company code. If you
    edit the customer master record you must specify customer number and company code in order to
    access the screens containing company code data.
    Which plant*specific data do you find in the material master record?
    4
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    This level contains the data for each branch or plant location within a certain company. The data
    important to Purchasing is stored at this level. Examples of this data are the maximum and minimum
    order quantities of a material and the reorder level. You access the plant data by entering the plant
    key.
    If a customer wishes to receive goods on Tuesdays only, how could you ensure that in the
    SAP R/3 system?
    This can be done by specifying goods receiving hours * Time schedule of ship*to party which specifies
    the days and times that goods can be delivered.
    Do you find any sales prices in the material master record?
    Yes.
    Name at least five different partner functions.
    Examples of partner functions in Sales and Distribution:
    soldto party, shipto party, bill*to party, payer.
    Examples of partner functions (roles) in Materials Management:
    ordering address, supplier of goods, invoicing party, different payee.
    Which are the two partner functions in SD that have to be maintained in FI too ?
    sold*to party, payer.
    Can you assign a material to more than one division?
    No.
    If you want to create language specific sales texts for your material master, would you have
    to create a new material master record?
    No.
    What is a material type and which material types do you know?
    Raw materials, semi*finished products, finished products, trading goods, operating supplies.
    Name the four standard industry sectors in SAP for the material master. For what do you use
    them?
    Branch of industry.
    The industry sector groups together companies according to their activities (for example, plant
    engineering and construction, mechanical engineering, the chemical industry, and the pharmaceutical
    industry).
    Table*driven program support is provided via the industry sector: for example, for the selection of
    data fields on*screen, for the sequence of the screens, and for the allocation of a material to a
    material type.
    For what or why do you use the classification system in sales? Give examples of objects you
    can classify in R/3.
    For e.g., Variant Pricing of configurable products. Objects can be customers, products, condition types.
    Does storage*location specific data in the material master record apply for each plant?
    This level contains the data specific to a storage location. Stock levels are an example of the data
    maintained for each storage location. You access the storage location data by entering the plant and
    storage location codes.
    This data structure facilitates the organization of material*related information within the entire
    enterprise. It prevents redundant storage of material data when the same material is used in more
    than one plant or stored at more than one storage location.
    Example: Suppose the same metal casting is stored at two different locations. The design and
    purchasing data for this material would be identical. However, the data on the stock levels at each
    location would differ.
    Name at least four views of the material master record.
    5
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    . Accounting : Valuation and costing information. Examples: standard price, past and future
    price, and current valuation.
    . Materials planning and control: Information for material requirements planning (MRP) and
    consumption*based planning/inventory control. Examples: safety stock level, planned delivery
    time, and reorder level for a material.
    . Purchasing: Data provided by Purchasing for a material. Examples: purchasing group
    responsible for a material, over* and underdelivery tolerances, and the order unit.
    . Engineering: Engineering and design data on a material. Examples: CAD drawings, basic
    dimensions, and design specifications.
    . Storage: Information relating to the storage/warehousing of a material. Examples: unit of
    issue, storage conditions, and packaging dimensions.
    . Forecasting: Information for predicting material requirements. Examples: how the material is
    procured, forecasting period, and past consumption/usage.
    . Sales and distribution: Information for sales orders and pricing. Examples: sales price,
    minimum order quantity, and the name of the sales department responsible for a certain
    material.
    What are the possible units of measure for a material?
    A material can be stored, transported and sold in various units of measure. In the SAP R/3 System,
    you can therefore define various units of measure which are maintained in the sales and distribution
    screens. However, you only need to maintain the fields of the units of measure if they deviate from the
    base unit of measure. If no other fields with units of measure are maintained, the system
    automatically takes the base unit of measure as a basis for its calculations. You can enter the following
    units of measure in the sales and distribution screens:
    . Base unit of measure : Stocks of a material are managed in the base unit of measure. All
    quantity movements in other units of measure are converted automatically by the system into
    the base unit of measure.
    . Alternative unit of measure: If a product is managed in the base unit of measure "Piece" but is
    sold in the sales unit "Box", you must define the conversion factor. The alternative unit of
    measure can define, for example, that 1 box of this material contains 12 pieces.
    . Sales unit : The unit of measure in which materials are sold is referred to as a sales unit (for
    example, piece or bottle). The value you define in the material master record is proposed
    during business transactions relevant for sales, such as the sales order. You can replace them
    with other alternative units of measure in the sales order.
    . Delivery Unit : The delivery unit refers to the unit in which materials can be delivered. Only
    exact multiples of the delivery unit can be delivered. For example, with a delivery unit of 30
    bottles, 30, 60 or 90 bottles can be delivered, but not 100 bottles.
    . Quantity Specifications: Two different quantity specifications are used:
    . Minimum order quantity: The minimum order quantity refers to the minimum quantity the
    customer must order. A warning message appears if the minimum order quantity is not
    reached during order entry. The order can be entered in spite of the warning message.
    . Minimum delivery quantity : The minimum delivery quantity refers to the minimum quantity
    you must deliver to the customer. The minimum delivery quantity is automatically checked
    during delivery processing. A warning message appears during delivery processing if you enter
    a delivery quantity lower than the minimum delivery quantity. The delivery can be created in
    spite of this warning message.
    What is a Bill of material?
    A bill of material is a complete, formally structured list of the components that make up a product or
    assembly. The list contains the object number of each component, together with the quantity and unit
    of measure. The components are known as BOM items. A bill of material can only refer to a quantity of
    at least 1 of an object.
    Is the BOM used in the PP module only?
     No. Also used in SD.
    6
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Explain what a routing is?
    Routing contains the operations required in production, and the production resources/tools, material
    components, and test equipment required to produce the product.
    What is a work center?
    A work center is an organizational unit where a work step is carried out, producing an output. The
    work center defines where and by whom an operation is to be carried out. A cost center is assigned to
    each work center in the work center master record. The work center has a particular available
    capacity. The activities performed at or by the work center are valuated by charge rates, which are
    determined by cost centers and activity types. Work centers can be: Machines, People, Production
    lines, Groups of craftsmen .
    IN Personnel Planning and Development (PD) work centers are the physical locations where tasks are
    carried out. A work center can represent anything as general as a geographic location, for example,
    the New York branch office. Or work centers can be very precisely defined. For example, a work center
    could represent a specific workstation, with specific tools and equipment, on a specific floor, of a
    specific building.
    IN Workflow Management a work center is a particular place which has been set up specifically so that
    employees can perform their duties within the corporate work system using working materials.
    What does the account group of the customer /vendor control?
    A collection of properties of accounts which determine the creation of master records.
    The account group determines the data that is relevant for the master record and a number range
    from which numbers are selected for the master records.
    Each master record must be assigned to an account group.
    Changes to the account group and the accompanying partner functions can only be made from a lower
    level to a higher level. For example, this means that a sold*to party cannot be assigned the function of
    a payer as fields which have already been maintained for this sold*to party would have to be masked.
    However, you can assign the sold*to party function to a payer.
    The account group ensures that for the different partner functions of a customer only the necessary
    screens and fields are displayed for input.
    What are the two possible ways of control for the cost of a material in the material master
    record?
    Standard Price, Moving Average Price.
    What is a valuation class?
    Allocation of a material to a group of G/L accounts.
    Along with other factors, the valuation class determines the G/L accounts to be updated as a result of
    a valuation*relevant transaction (for example, a goods movement).
    Which valuation classes are valid depends on the material type. Several valuation classes
    can be valid for one material type. A valuation class can be valid for several material types.
    A customer master record in SD is also an A/R(accounts receivables)in FI. When you create a customer
    master record you also have to specify the reconciliation account. For what is the reconciliation
    account used?
    Account in G/L accounting, to which automatic entries are posted during a business activity. It is
    generally the case that several subledger accounts post to a common reconciliation account. This
    ensures that the developments in the subledger accounts are accurately reflected in the general ledger
    (i.e. in line with balance sheet conventions). You can set up a reconciliation account for, say, all
    overseas customers.
    7
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    IV INTRODUCTION TO ORDER MANAGEMENT & SALES
    Briefly describe the types and structure of the sales document and give examples of data
    that you find on the different levels.
    Sales*related business transactions are recorded in the system as sales documents. There are, broadly
    speaking, four different groupings of sales documents:
    Sales queries, such as inquiries and quotations
    Sales orders
    Outline agreements, such as contracts and scheduling agreements
    Customer problems and complaints, such as free of charge deliveries and credit memo requests.
    Header Data
    The general data that is valid for the entire document is recorded in the document header. This data
    includes the:
    number of the sold*to party
    number of the ship*to party and the payer
    document currency and exchange rate
    pricing elements for the entire document
    delivery date and shipping point
    Item Data
    Whereas data in the document header applies to all items in the document, some data applies only to
    specific items. This data is stored at item level and includes the:
    material number
    target quantity for outline agreements
    number of the shipto party and the payer (an alternative shipto party or payer can be defined for a
    particular item)
    plant and storage location specifications
    pricing elements for the individual items
    Schedule Line Data
    An item consists of one or more schedule lines. The schedule line contains all the data that is needed
    for a delivery. For example, a customer orders 20 pieces of a material and you enter this as an item in
    the sales order. However, you can only deliver 10 pieces now and the remaining 10 pieces next month.
    In other words, you need to schedule two deliveries. The data for these deliveries (dates, confirmed
    quantities) are stored in two separate schedule lines. In sales documents where delivery data is not
    relevant *for example: contracts, credit and debit memo requests * the system does not create any
    schedule lines.
    Data recorded in the schedule lines includes the:
    schedule line quantity
    delivery date
    confirmed quantity
    What is the difference between an inquiry and quotation ?
    . Inquiry: Request made to a vendor for a quotation for required materials or services.
    No availability check is done for inquiry.
    . Quotation: Offer from a vendor to a purchasing organization regarding the supply of materials
    or performance of services subject to predefined terms and conditions.
    A quotation consists of a number of items, in which the total quantity and delivery date of an
    offered material or service are specified.
    The total quantity can be subdivided into several partial quantities with different delivery dates in the
    lines of a delivery schedule.
    Do you always have to have a material master record number when you enter an item on a
    sales document (inquiry and quote)? If not what would you have to use to be able to enter
    information at item level?
    No. Customer Material Information or Material Description.
    If a customer doesn't place an order with you after you have sent him a quotation, what happens to
    the quotation document?
    Remains active till the end of validity period.
    8
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Can you have alternative items in a sales order?
    Yes.
    If you reference an inquiry when creating a quotation ,would the inquiry be updated?
    Yes.
    Can you copy one inquiry to many quotations ?
    No.
    Can you copy several previous documents into one sales order?
    Yes.
    Do you always have to copy the entire quantities at item level when you reference a
    previous document?
    No.
    Can you make sure that business data in a sales order is only possible to maintain at header
    level?
    Yes.
    From where is the delivering plant transferred into the sales order?
    Customer Master, Material Master.
    Which partner function is relevant for the delivering plant? The soldtoparty ,
    billtoparty, payer, carrier or the ship* to* party?
    Ship*to party.
    Can you manually change the delivering plant in the sales order once it was defaulted from
    the master data?
    Yes.
    For what or why do you use the incompletion log?
    To have a complete document so that it doesnu2019t affect subsequent processes.
    Can you have different incompletion logs for different item categories? Schedule line
    categories?
    Yes.
    If a document is incomplete can you still save the document?
    Yes.
    Which reference status can a document have at item level? Which statuses at header level?
    Item level: Partial, Full.
    Header level: Full.
    What's the advantage of using text as a reference instead of duplicating it?
    Can be modified if needed.
    What three sources provide data for the creation of a sales document?
    Material Master, Customer Master, Previous referenced documents.
    Can you change addresses of partners manually in the sales document?
    Yes.
    Name several input tools that make order entry faster and give a definition of them?
    Customer Material Information, Product Proposal , Referencing Documents.
    9
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    In which business environment would you use only the single*line entry screen to create
    and save the order?
    Telephone Sales, Simple Business.
    If you do not specify the delivering plant in the sales order, what could the system then not
    do?
    Delivery Scheduling.
    For what would you use the fast change function in sales entry?
    Alternate Plants, Delivery or Billing Blocks
    Name two ways to control that customers can receive only certain materials?
    Material Listing, Exclusion.
    What does the item category control?
    General Data
    . Should pricing be carried out for the item?
    . When should an item be regarded as completed? A quotation item, for example, can only be
    regarded as completed if the entire quantity has been copied into a sales order.
    . Is it an item that refers to a material or is it a text item?
    . Are schedule lines allowed for the item?
    . May general business data, for example, the terms of payment at the item level, deviate from
    those at the header level?
    . Should a system message appear if the item cannot be fully delivered?
    . Which fields are relevant for the incompletion log?
    . Which partner functions are allowed at the item level and which are mandatory?
    . Which output (for example, an order confirmation) is allowed for the business transaction and
    which output determination procedure is used?
    Shipping Data
    . Is an item relevant for delivery?
    . Should the weight and the volume of an item be determined?
    Billing Data
    . Is an item relevant for billing?
    . Should the cost of the item be determined?
    . Is it a statistical item? Pricing is carried out for statistical items. However, they are not added
    to the value of the order, that is, the customer is not charged for them.
    . Should a billing block be set automatically for an item? For example, this may be important for
    items whose prices have to be clarified before billing
    . Is it a returns item?
    . Name the influencing factors for determining the item category in the sales document?
    . Sales Document type, Item Category Group, Higher Level Item, Item Usage.
    . Name the influencing factors for determining the scehdule line category in the sales document?
    . Item Category, MRP Type.
    . What does the sales document type control?
    General Data
    . Can the document be entered only with reference to a preceding document?
    . Should the existing customer
    . material info record be taken into consideration?
    . Should the delivery date be proposed?
    . Must a customer number be entered when creating a document? For example, product
    proposals can be entered without reference to a particular customer.
    . Which order probability is defined?
    . Should the division be taken from the material master record for every item or should an
    alternative division specified in the header take precedence over the item specifications?
    10
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    . How should the system respond if the division entered in the header deviates from the division
    in the items?
    . Should a credit limit check be made?
    . From which number range should the document number for internal or external number
    assignment come?
    . Which fields are relevant for the incompletion log? The validity period, for example, is
    important for contracts and must therefore be specified in the document.
    . Can an incomplete document be saved or must all data be complete?
    . Which partner functions are allowed and which ones are mandatory?
    Shipping Data
    . Which delivery type should the delivery resulting from the order have?
    . Should delivery scheduling be carried out?
    . Should transportation scheduling be carried out?
    . Should a delivery block be set automatically for a specific reason? For example, a delivery
    block may be appropriate for a freeofcharge delivery.
    . You can define shipping conditions for a sales document type. These are copied into the
    document regardless of what is defined in the customer master record.
    Billing Data
    Which billing type should the invoice resulting from the order or the delivery have?
    Should a billing block be set automatically for a specific reason? For example, a billing block may be
    appropriate if a credit memo request should first be checked before it is used as the basis for a credit
    memo.
    Can the sales document type be determined by the system?
    No.
    In R/3, can you automatically substitute one product for another? How? What would you
    have to create?
    Yes. Product Selection / Material Determination.
    Give a definition of replenishment lead time?
    Total time for the inhouse production or for the external procurement of a product. In inhouse
    production the replenishment lead time is determined to cover all BOM levels.
    What's the difference between checking availability with or without replenishment lead time (RLT)?
    With RLT : Availability check is done only upto end of RLT. If material is not available the date on
    which RLT ends is displayed as Material Availability Date.
    Without RLT : Availability check is unrestricted. Displays Delivery Dates as on which partial deliveries
    can be made with available stock.
    Name at least three item categories?
    Standard Items : AFN, AGN, TAN.
    Free of charge Items: AFNN, AGNN, TANN.
    Non*stock Items : AFX, AGX, TAX.
    Text Items : AFTX, AGTX, TATX.
    Why would you use different item and schedule line categories?
    Item categories are defined to provide additional control functions for the sales documents and thus
    meet the demands resulting from the different business transactions.
    The items in a sales document are divided into one or more schedule lines. These schedule lines differ
    from each other with respect to date and quantity. For some schedule lines, material requirements
    planning is not carried out; for other schedule lines, it is carried out. Also goods receipt, not goods
    issue, is posted for a schedule line defined in a returns document.
    Can you change existing standard item categories?
    Yes.
    11
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Can you create new sales order types?
    Yes.
    Different dates will be calculated in order entry scheduling . Can you name the lead time
    variables that will be taken into account?
    Transportation lead time, Pick/pack time, Loading time, Transit time .
    If you run out of stock in a specific plant can you check if there are quantities available in other plants?
    Yes.
    When you carry out availability check, which quantities or movements can the system take
    into consideration?
    The following elements can be included in the availability check:
    Stocks : safety stock, stock in transfer, stock in quality inspection, blocked stock.
    Inward and outward movements : purchase orders, purchase requisitions, planned orders, production
    orders, reservations, dependent reservations, dependent requirements, sales requirements, delivery
    requirements.
    Give some examples of sales document types (description, not necessary the short code)
    that already set up in the standard system?
    Indicator used to control the processing of the various sales documents which are defined in the
    system. E.g., OR, SO, BV, KR. Document types allow the system to process different kinds of business
    transactions, such as standard orders and credit memo requests, in different ways.
    Can you maintain texts for a specific customer and store them in the system? If yes, where?
    Yes. Customer Material Information.
    When the system checks availability which scheduling would it use first?
    Backward Scheduling.
    Name the influencing factors for the determination of the availability date?
    The following data is required for determining this date:
    Route from the shipping point to the ship*to party location
    Shipping point from which the goods are issued
    Loading group from the material master record
    Weight group determined from the order using the order quantity.
    Name the three delivery possibilities when there is not enough stock available?
    One Time Delivery, Complete Delivery, Partial Deliveries.
    Can you think of an example why you would have to create a text for a customer and copy it
    to the sales order?
    Customer specific instructions.
    What is the function of item category group?
    The item category group determines how a material is processed in the sales order. It defines, for
    example, that pricing does not take place for a free of charge item, such as a business gift; or that
    inventory management is not carried out for a service. When processing sales and distribution
    documents, the system uses the item category group to determine the item category. The system
    determines the item category based on the item category group of the material and the current
    business transaction, and proposes it in the respective document.
    When creating the material types non*stock material and services, DIEN is proposed in both cases for
    the item category group, because the order processing for both material types is identical: for
    example, pricing is carried out for both, but no availability check.
    On sales order, when the system confirms 20 pieces to be available at a certain date, would
    these 20 pieces still be available for other new sales order coming in later?
    No.
    What is a delivery group and why would you use it?
    12
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    The complete delivery and delivery group functions enable you to combine some or all of the items in a
    sales order so that they are delivered to the customer together. The system determines automatically
    the latest delivery date possible for the delivery group and adjusts the schedule lines accordingly.
    Corresponding requirements for material requirements planning (MRP) are changed or re*determined.
    What is backorder processing?
    The backorder processing functions enable you to list relevant sales documents for specific materials
    and process them from the point of view of availability. You can assign available to promise (ATP)
    stock to outstanding order quantities. In addition, you can withdraw already confirmed quantities and
    reassign them to different items.
    Backorder processing is only available for materials with individual requirements.
    Can you link items in a sales order? If yes, when would you do that?
    Yes. Promotional Items.
    For what would you use BOMu2019S in sales? What two methods of BOM processing do you have
    in sales order entry? How can you control if the system should/should not explode a BOM in
    the sales order.
    A bill of material (BOM) describes the different components that together create a product. A BOM for
    a bicycle, for example, consists of all the parts that make up the bicycle: the frame, the saddle,
    wheels, and so on. When you enter the material number of a bill of materials that is relevant for sales
    order processing, the system displays the material that describes the whole bill of materials as a main
    item. The components are displayed as sub*items.
    Processing by Main Item : ERLA & Processing by Sub*Item : LUMF
    BOM explosion can be prevented by specifying Item Category Group as NORM.
    Credit limit checks is an example of a very close link between which two SAP modules?
    SD & FI.
    What are the two techniques in delivery scheduling?
    Backward Scheduling & Forward Scheduling.
    How does a third party deal work? Do you use a special sales order type for that? How could
    the system know that you want to process a third party deal?
    By specifying item category as TAS using double*line entry in the sales order.
    No special order type is available.
    By the item category group and/or material type in Material Master .
    Name the several steps in consignment processing.
    Consignment fillup, Consignment issue, Consignment pickup, Consignment return.
    Whatu2019s the difference between consignment pick*up and consignment return?
    In consignment pick*up, customer returns consignment stock. When goods issue is posted, the
    relevant quantity is deducted from the customer's special stock and is added back to regular stock at
    the plant where the goods are returned. Total valuated stock remains the same since the returned
    stock was regarded as part of inventory even while it was at the customer's premises.This transaction
    is not relevant for billing.
    In consignment return, customer wishes to claim on consignment goods which have already been
    issued. When goods issue is posted, the relevant quantity is added to the customer's special stock at
    the plant where the goods are returned. Since the ownership of the goods is passed from the customer
    back to the company, the transaction is relevant for billing. In this case, the customer receives a credit
    memo for the returned goods.
    Can you control that an end user cannot copy a quote of customer A to a sales order for
    customer B? If yes, where?
    Yes. By customizing Copying Control for header data.
    Give some example for data that is copied from the customer (soldto, payer, shipto) to the sales
    order as well as for data that is copied from the material?
    General data, payment terms, shipping details, delivery agreements, delivering plant.
    What is returnable packaging processing?
    13
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Returnable packaging consists of materials that are stored at the customer location but which remain
    the property of the company. The customer is only required to pay for the returnable packaging if he
    does not return it by a specified time.
    Name the two outline agreements in R/3 standard and explain the difference between them.
    Agreements are arrangements between business partners regarding the granting of conditions over a
    specified time period. The agreement contains conditions which apply over a particular time period and
    which are settled together at the same points in time. An agreement can be settled once or
    periodically. The two outline agreements include Contracts and Scheduling Agreements.
    Unlike a contract * which only contains an overall target quantity or value * a scheduling agreement
    also contains specific order quantities and delivery dates.
    How many documents do you create when you release, deliver and invoice the first order
    from a contract?
    Three : Sales order, Delivery note, Invoice.
    What types of output can you have in sales?
    Printer, Telex, Fax, Mail, EDI.
    Can you automate output processing ? Do you always have to specify it manually?
    yes. No.
    Where would you specify which data should be copied (at header, item and schedule line
    level)when you copy from one document to another one?
    Customizing Copy Control.
    SHIPPING
    Describe the flow of data from the sales order into the delivery for header and item and
    schedule line level data?
    Header à Header
    Item à Header, Item.
    Schedule line à Item.
    Can you combine several sales orders into one delivery document ? If no, why not? If yes,
    would the system check certain criteria? What criteria?
    No. When ship*to party or plant is different.
    Yes. Availability of all items are confirmed.
    Name a few prerequisites that have to be fulfilled if you want to create a delivery for the order.
    Header Level
    There cannot be a delivery block at header level.
    The sales document must contain at least one item due for delivery before a delivery can be created
    for this document.
    Item Level and Schedule Line Level
    The schedule line must be due for shipping on the specified selection date.
    A schedule line becomes due for shipping as soon as the material availability date or the transportation
    scheduling date is reached.
    The schedule line cannot be blocked for delivery.
    The delivery quantity must be greater than one.
    The items in the order must be fully processed.
    If they are incomplete, you must first edit the incompleteness log in the order. You will find
    information on the incompleteness log in the R/3 SD online documentation on sales.
    The product status of the material must permit delivery.
    For example, the product status for new products which have not been released for delivery does not
    allow them to be included in a delivery.
    Sufficient quantity of the material must be available.
    If you create a delivery, would this automatically update the sales order?
    14
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Yes. The delivery status of the entire order results from the delivery status of the items. Until all items
    in the order have been fully delivered, the order has the status "Partially delivered". The entire
    document acquires the status of fully delivered once all the items have been fully delivered.
    Name the different ways of creating deliveries.
    Partial Deliveries, Complete Deliveries, Deliveries without reference, Grouped Deliveries.
    How does the system determine the shipping point and the route in the sales order?
    A shipping point can be determined for each order item. How the shipping point is determined depends
    on three factors:
    The shipping conditions from the customer master record (Shipping screen). A condition might be that
    the goods are to be delivered to the customer as soon as possible.
    The loading group from the material master record (Sales/Plant Data screen).You could, for example,
    specify a loading group that defines that the goods must always be loaded with a crane or a fork lift.
    The delivering plant. This plant is determined per order item either from the customer master record
    or from the material master record. However, you can also enter it manually for each order item. You
    will find detailed information on determining the delivering plant in the sales order in the R/3 SD online
    documentation on sales.
    Can you change the shipping point determined in the sales order manually?
    Yes.
    If you have several shipping points in a sales order at item level. What would that have on
    the delivery?
    Each item will individual deliveries.
    Why would you carry out route determination in the delivery again?
    To reconfirm the weight of the item.
    At which different levels can you specify pick/pack and loading time?
    Shipping point determination level : loading time.
    Route determination level : pick/pack time.
    Where do you specify the departure zone and the arrival zone for route determination?
    Shipping point, Ship*to party.
    How can the route influence the material availability date?
    Transit time & Transportation lead time.
    Why would you carry out availability check in the delivery?
    The availability check is calculated using planned inward and outward movements of goods. Therefore
    the delivery situation might have changed in the meantime due to unforeseen circumstances, such as
    lost output. The availability check in the delivery takes any such changes into account.
    Where would you store partial/complete shipment agreements and over/under delivery
    tolerances?
    Customer Master and Customer Material Information.
    Explain the effects of printing out the picking list.
    Updates the picking quantity in the delivery.
    How does the system automatically determine the picking storage location in the delivery?
    Storage Condition.
    Shipping Point.
    Plant.
    What is a transfer order and for what would you use it?
    Document used to support every stock movement in the warehouse.
    It contains all the important movement data, such as the material to be transferred, the quantity to be
    transferred, the storage bins involved, and so on
    Define a shipping unit?
    15
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    Combination of materials which are packed together in a shipping material at a particular time.
    Shipping units contain items which in turn are made up of shipping units or delivery items.
    What effects does goods issue have?
    When the goods have left your plant, the business transaction is regarded as completed from the point
    of view of shipping. When goods are issued, the following functions take place in the system:
    The material stock is reduced by the goods issue quantity and the corresponding value changes take
    place in accounting. This ensures that the quantity and value flows are parallel.
    Material requirements for the delivery are reduced
    The delivery status is updated
    If you bill after goods issue, the delivery enters the billing work list
    How can you delete a good issue?
    You cannot cancel a goods issue posting in isolation. You are also unable to change goods issue
    quantities. If you make a mistake when processing a delivery, or if the goods are damaged leaving
    your plant and cannot be delivered, you must cancel the entire business transaction.
    Procedure
    After you have invoiced the delivery, for which the incorrect goods issue posting was carried
    out, proceed as follows:
    1. Enter a returns order (order type RE) for the customer and the material involved.
    2. Create a returns delivery for the returns order. The system proposes the delivery type. The
    delivery quantities in the returns delivery must correspond to the goods issue quantities in the
    incorrect goods issue document.
    3. Post "goods issue" for the returns delivery. The system automatically recognizes the returns
    delivery as goods receipt and clears the original goods issue posting by carrying out reverse
    posting.
    4. Invoice the business transaction with a returns credit memo. The system proposes billing
    type. The original billing document for the incorrect goods issue document is cleared by this
    credit memo.
    Is it possible to work without specifying a pick/pack or loading time for a shipping point?
    Yes.
    When do you initiate packing activity*before or after goods issue? What is the material type
    for shipping material?
    Before goods issue . VERP.
    When you post goods issue after packing, which two documents do you create?
    Picking List, Invoice.
    Can the delivery quantity and the picking quantity in the delivery document be *different?
    Yes.
    PRICING
    Could you explain what condition technique in SAP is?
    Hierarchy of elements defining a data combination which leads to certain actions.
    In pricing the condition technique refers to the method by which the system determines prices from
    information stored in condition records. In Sales and Distribution, the various elements used in the
    condition technique are set up and controlled in Customizing. During sales order processing, the
    system uses the condition technique to determine a variety of important pricing information.
    Name three areas/processes which use condition technique in SD?
    Material determination, Output determination, Account determination.
    16
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    What are the four basic elements of condition technique?
    Condition Types, Condition Tables, Access Sequences, Pricing Procedures.
    Please explain graphically the relationship between the four basic elements in condition techniques?
    Procedures à Condition Types à Access Sequence à Condition Tables à Condition Records.
    Explain what a pricing procedure is?
    The primary job of a pricing procedure is to define a group of condition types in a particular sequence.
    The pricing procedure also determines:
    Which sub*totals appear during pricing
    To what extent pricing can be influenced manually
    Which method the system uses to calculate percentage discounts and surcharges
    which requirements for a particular condition type must be fulfilled before the system takes the
    condition into account.
    Explain what a condition table and an access sequence is and the relationship between
    them?
    A condition table defines the combination of fields (the key) that identifies an individual condition
    record. A condition record is how the system stores the specific condition data that you enter in the
    system as condition records. For example, when you enter the price for a product or a special discount
    for a good customer, you create individual condition records.
    An access sequence is a search strategy that the system uses to find valid data for a particular
    condition type. It determines the sequence in which the system searches for data. The access
    sequence consists of one or more accesses. The sequence of the accesses establishes which condition
    records have priority over others. The accesses tell the system where to look first, second, and so on,
    until it finds a valid condition record. You specify an access sequence for each condition type for which
    you create condition records.
    What is a condition type? What are the two main groups of condition types?
    A condition type is a representation in the system of some aspect of your daily pricing activities. For
    example, you can define a different condition type for each kind of price, discount, or surcharge that
    occurs in your business transactions.
    Fixed Amount & Percentage.
    Is SD the only module that uses condition technique?
    No.
    What is a condition supplement and why would you use it?
    A condition supplement is a supplement for a particular condition type. For example, you can include a
    supplement every time you apply a material price. The supplement can contain various discounts.
    During pricing, the system automatically applies the discounts defined in the supplement every time it
    accesses a material price. You define for which condition types you want to use condition supplements
    in Customizing for Sales.
    Which partner function is relevant when it comes to tax calculation in the sales order?
    Ship*to party.
    Name at least three different condition types in pricing?
    Price, Discounts, Freight. PROO, K007, KF00.
    You can create scales for prices and discounts. Name the four possible scale basis in R/3.
    Value, Quantity, Gross weight, Net weight, Volume.
    Where would you specify that a condition type is a discount or a surcharge?
    In Condition Type Details Screen.
    If somebody adds price elements manually in the sales order or if somebody changes a
    discount the system determined automatically, do you have a possibility to see that in the
    sales order?
    Yes.
    You want to list all condition records for a certain material or a certain sales organization.
    How would you do that?
    17
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    By creating Pricing Reports.
    Does the pricing procedure apply for the pricing data at item level or for the pricing data at
    header level?
    Both.
    When you create a header condition manually in the sales order the system can copy the values in
    different ways to the items. Where would you specify how the system should process?
    Condition Type.
    Which data do you have to maintain in SD so that the system can determine the sales taxes
    in the sales order automatically?
    Tax rate with or without Jurisdiction.
    What does the condition exclusion indicator do for you?
    The system can exclude conditions so that they are not taken into account during pricing in sales
    documents.
    Can you explain what a statistical condition is? Give an example for a statistical condition?
    VPRS.
    For what do you use customer hierarchies?
    Pricing , Rebate.
    Can you track cumulative values in R/3? If yes, it could be based on what?
    Yes. Maximum Value, Maximum Orders, Maximum Quantity.
    If you want to make sure that conditions records apply for a certain time period only what
    would you have to do?
    Validity Period to be specified in condition record.
    What is a group condition?
    Condition which can be used to determine a scale value based on more than one item in a document.
    The system groups the items using either the condition key for the appropriate condition record or a
    separately defined condition key.
    Name the influencing factors for pricing procedure determination during sales order entry?
    Customer, Sales Document Type and Sales Area.
    Can you copy condition records? If yes, are there any restrictions?
    Yes. Field specific.
    If you create a new condition type*do you also have to create a new condition table and a
    new access sequence?
    Yes.
    Where can you specify that a condition is mandatory?
    In Pricing Procedure.
    Tax jurisdiction processing is a close link between which two modules?
    FI & SD.
    Do you have to create a condition record for taxes in the SD application?
    Yes.
    BILLING
    Name several billing types?
    F1 : Order related Invoice F2 : Delivery related invoice.
    F5 : Proforma Invoice for Sales Order F8 : Proforma Invoice for Delivery.
    Can you delete an invoice?
    No. You can cancel it and create cancellation document.
    18
    SD SAMPLE CERTIFIED QUESTION
    When you create an invoice in SD, how do you post it to FI?
    Select Billing document à Release To Accounting.
    The system displays a message that the accounting document has been saved. If the billing document
    contains an error, the reason for not forwarding the document is displayed. If the release was
    successful, the posting status in the billing document is set to C (accounting document has been
    created). You find the posting status by selecting Header à Details in the billing document.
    When you create an invoice can you carry out pricing again?
    Yes.
    From which documents can you create a proforma invoice?
    Based on sales order or delivery.
    Do you transfer a proforma invoice to FI ? If yes, how? If no, how do you customize the
    system in a way that the proforma invoice is not transferred to FI?
    No. Billing status not assigned to proforma invoice. Posting bock in the billing document.
    When you create a credit memo request do you always have to refer to a sales order or any
    other previous document?
    Only sales order.
    In R/3 how can you make sure that invoices for a customer are always created at a specific
    date?
    Billing Schedule.
    Can you combine deliveries into one invoice? When would you do that?
    Yes. If the header data and header partners for specified delivery or sales order are identical and if
    requirements for splitting do not apply.
    Can you combine orders into one invoice?
    Yes.
    Can you split deliveries into several invoices? When would you do that?
    Yes . If the data from the related reference documents differs in the header fields of the billing
    document. The system will automatically split the invoice.
    For what do you use the billing due list? What previous step in the process is necessary that
    a delivery appears in the billing due list?
    Selection criteria u2013 sold*to party, billing date or receiving partner.
    a) separate invoice for each delivery
    b) split one sales order for delivery into several invoices.
    c) combine several sales orders for delivery into one invoice.
    Name the five possible influencing factors for account determination for invoices?
    Chart of accounts of the company code
    Sales organization
    Account assignment group of the customer (from the customer master record, Billing screen, Account
    group field)
    Account assignment group of the material (from the material master record, Sales 2 screen, Account
    assignment group field)
    Account key (from the pricing procedure)
    Can one business area be valid for several company codes?
    Yes.

  • Sample Certification Questions Required for SAP HCM

    Dear HR Gurus
    I am searching for some sample SAP HR certification questions. Inc ase any one of you have such a question bank, please let me also know.
    Points Awaiting
    Regards
    Lokesh Gupta

    1. SAP Overview
    1. Explain the structure of the client/server framework.
    2. Project Implementation Tools
    1. What is the IMG?
    2. What is a project IMG?
    3. Basics of Human Resources
    1. What are the most important processes supported in Human Resources (HR)?
    2. What are the most important structures in HR?
    3. What is meant by Employee Self-Service?
    4. What ways are there to select an Infotype?
    5. How do you hire a new employee?
    6. Which steps make up the payroll process?
    7. Why is there a cross-application time sheet? What are the possible target components?
    8. What is the purpose of time evaluation?
    9. Which reporting tools do you know of?
    10. How is the recruitment component integrated with the other HR components?
    11. What is an applicant action?
    12. What is the difference between qualifications and requirements?
    13. What is the difference between career planning and succession planning? What is a development plan?
    14. Describe the day-to-day activities in Training and Event Management.
    15. What is the appraisal system component used for?
    16. What are the main functions of Compensation Management?
    17. What personnel cost planning methods are there in SAP HR?
    18. Which Infotypes do you need to implement Travel Management?
    4. Organizational Management
    1. What are plan versions used for?
    2. What are the basic object types?
    3. What is the difference between a job and a position?
    4. What is the difference between an organizational unit and a work center?
    5. Where can you maintain relationships between objects?
    6. What are the main areas of the Organization and Staffing user interfaces?
    7. What is Expert Mode used for?
    8. Can you create cost centers in Expert Mode?
    9. Can you assign people to jobs in Expert Mode?
    10. Can you use the organizational structure to create a matrix organization?
    11. In general structure maintenance, is it possible to represent the legal entity of organizational units?
    12. What is the Object Infotype (1000) used for?
    13. What is the Relationships Infotype (1001) used for?
    14. Which status can Infotypes in the Organizational Management component have?
    15. What is an evaluation path?
    16. What is Managers Desktop used for?
    17. Is it possible to set up new evaluation paths in Customizing?
    18. Which situations require new evaluation paths?
    19. How do you set up integration between Personnel Administration and Organizational Management?
    5. Master Data
    1. Which elements make up the enterprise structure?
    2. Which elements make up the personnel structure?
    3. Which elements make up the organizational structure?
    4. Which criteria play a role in establishing these structures?
    5. Which control features are controlled using the personnel subarea?
    6. Which control features are controlled using the employee subgroup?
    7. What is a payroll area?
    8. What is an Infotype?
    9. Which criteria determine payroll areas?
    10. What is the organizational key used for?
    11. In which Infotype are administrators defined?
    12. Why are administrators defined?
    13. What can features be used for?
    14. What is the connection between Planned Working Time (Infotype 7) and Basic Pay (Infotype 8)?
    15. Which ways are there to define default values for the pay scale area and pay scale type?
    16. What is the employee subgroup grouping for collective agreement provisions used for?
    17. Where are pay scale groups and pay scale levels defined?
    18. How are wage types created in the SAP R/3 system?
    19. Can all wage types be entered into all Infotypes?
    20. What does the input permissibility of a wage type depend upon?
    21. What is the personnel subarea grouping for primary wage types used for?
    22. What is the employee subgroup grouping for primary wage types used for?
    23. What ways are there to valuate wage types? Where are wage type valuations defined?
    24. How can you evaluate wage types indirectly?
    25. How can you define default wage types for the Basic Pay Infotype?
    26. What ways are there to perform pay scale reassignments?
    27. What ways are there to perform standard pay increases?
    28. What is the difference between the simple and extended pay increases?
    29. Can several personnel actions be performed on the same day?
    30. What is the Additional Actions Infotype used for?
    31. If an employee leaves the enterprise, are all Infotypes delimited?
    32. Which control options do you have for Customizing when configuring Infotypes?
    33. Can a screen in HR data consist of several Infotypes?
    34. Which ways are there to modify screens in Customizing?
    35. What is an Infotype menu and what is its purpose?
    36. What is an info group? What is a personnel action?
    37. How can a personnel action change the status feature of an employee in Infotype 0000?
    38. How are personnel actions and dynamic actions linked?
    6. Authorizations
    1. What is a role and what is it made up of?
    2. How are the authorizations in a role maintained?
    3. Are authorization objects or profiles assigned to users?
    4. Which authorization object can you use to control an employee’s access to his or her own personal data?
    5. What are the main advantages of the Profile Generator?
    6. Can roles and their authorization profiles be assigned to a user for a limited time period?
    7. How do you create structural profiles?
    7. Payroll
    1. How does the system know when to trigger retroactive accounting for a particular employee?
    2. How is the earliest retroactive accounting date determined for an employee?
    3. What is the payroll control record used for?
    4. Is the exact date of the payroll period for an employee determined by the payroll area or the payroll control record?
    5. What activities are possible when the payroll control record is set to “Released for Payroll”?
    6. Is it possible to branch directly from the payroll log to master data and time data maintenance?
    7. What is Matchcode W used for?
    8. What effect does grouping employee subgroups have on personnel calculation rules?
    9. Can you evaluate payroll results using SAP Query/Ad Hoc Query?
    10. What steps are required to post payroll results to Accounting?
    11. Can a posting run be deleted?
    12. Where do you specify whether an employee is paid in cash or whether the money is transferred to a bank account?
    8. Time Data
    1. What are the basic concepts for recording time data?
    2. What steps are required to set up work schedules?
    3. Can you define your own public holidays?
    4. How do you define which public holiday calendar is valid for an employee?
    5. Which characteristics does a public holiday class blank have?
    6. Is there an employee subgroup grouping for daily work schedules?
    7. What is a variant of a daily work schedule?
    8. Is there an employee subgroup grouping for time quotas?
    9. What ways are there to define breaks within a break schedule?
    10. Which characteristics does a daily work schedule with daily work schedule class 1 have?
    11. Which elements make up a period work schedule?
    12. Which characteristic does a day with day type 1 have?
    13. Which ways are there of representing part-time work in the SAP R/3 system?
    14. Which ways are there of representing substitutions in the SAP R/3 system?
    15. What is the difference between absences (Infotype 2001) and attendances (Infotype 2002)?
    16. What is an absence quota? Give examples.
    17. What is the difference between a validity interval and a deduction interval for time quotas?
    18. You need to deduct an absence from a quota. Which Customizing settings are required?
    19. Should a quota be assigned directly to an absence?
    20. What is the remuneration Infotype used for?
    21. What are counting rules used for?
    22. Can you set up default values to create absence quotas?
    23. Can you generate absence quotas?
    24. What is the schema TQTA used for?
    25. What ways are there of entering information for Controlling when recording time data in the Time Management Infotypes?
    9. Reporting in Human Resources Management
    1. Which reporting tools are available in Human Resources Management?
    2. Is the Business Information Warehouse part of the SAP R/3 system?
    3. What is HIS?
    4. Where do you find standard reports in HR?
    5. Can you also evaluate cross-client data with standard reports?
    6. Can customer-specific reports be incorporated in the Managers Desktop?
    7. What is a logical database used for?
    8. Which logical databases exist in HR?
    9. What is a user group, what is an infoset and how are the two related?
    10. What is a field group? Give examples from HR.
    11. What are selection and output fields?
    12. What can an Ad Hoc Query be used for?
    13. What are the steps for configuring an SAP Query?
    14. What are payroll Infotypes used for?
    u can get some more questions if usearch the form
    includeing these questions also

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