Can't Find File in Time Machine

Kind of a weird problem, usually I can figure this stuff out on my own.
Basically, I have an edited version of a video and I want to retrieve the original.  I know I did the edit on that day and I know its date created.  I have a weekly backup from that week and the week after.  In the one for that week, neither the original nor the edit are present so I assume the end of that week was right before I moved the video onto my computer.  The next backup has the editied version, but the original is nowhere to be found, so I'm assuming that I can't get at in any way, so basically my question is.
1. Does Time Machine back up the trash anywhere?  The .trash file isn't in my ~/ so I'm assuming it doesn't, and the file might have been in the trash.
2. How does Time Machine compress the backups into weekly files?  Is it possible that something that only existed on my hard drive for a very short period of time got "dropped" in the combining process?  Or did I somehow manage to get it onto my computer and delete it between backups?

1. Does Time Machine back up the trash anywhere? 
No, that's one of the things it skips automatically.  See What's excluded from backups in #11 of Time Machine - Frequently Asked Questions.
2. How does Time Machine compress the backups into weekly files?
It doesn't, exactly.  It simply deletes the backups that have "expired."  That leaves a "snapshot" of how your entire Mac looked at the time of each remaining backup.
Is it possible that something that only existed on my hard drive for a very short period of time got "dropped" in the combining process?  Or did I somehow manage to get it onto my computer and delete it between backups?
Yes, it's quite possible.  It depends on the timing and how often backups are run, but basically Time Machine keeps all backups for 24 hours, except the first of the day, which is kept for  a month.  After a month, it keeps one per week.

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