Casting in ABAP Objects

Why the cast error generates only in Widening cast?

Hi Shyam,
WELCOME TO SDN!!!
Please check this link
http://abapprogramming.blogspot.com/2007/10/oops-abap-8.html
The widening cast in this case does not cause an error because the reference airplane actually points to an instance in the subclass lcl_cargo_airplane. The dynamic type is therefore u2018REF TO lcl_cargo_airplaneu2019.
Here the widening cast produces the MOVE_CAST_ERROR runtime error that can be caught with u201CCATCH ... ENDCATCHu201D, because the airplane reference does not point to an instance in the subclass lcl_cargo_airplane, but to a u201Cgeneral airplane objectu201D. Its dynamic type is therefore u2018REF TO lcl_airplaneu2019 and does not correspond to the reference type cargo_airplane.
The widening cast logically represents the opposite of the narrowing cast. The widening cast cannot be checked statically, only at runtime. The Cast Operator u201C?=u201D (or the equivalent u201CMOVE ... ?TO u2026u201D) must be used to make this visible.
With this kind of cast, a check is carried out at runtime to ensure that the current content of the source variable corresponds to the type requirements of the target variables. In this case therefore, it checks that the dynamic type of the source reference airplane is compatible with the static type of the target reference cargo_airplane. If it is, the assignment is carried out. Otherwise the catchable runtime error u201CMOVE_CAST_ERRORu201D occurs, and the original value of the target variable remains the same.
Best regards,
raam

Similar Messages

How important it is to understand Concept of Narrow & Wide casting in ABAP Objects

Hi Friends,
I Understood that, it is very important to understand the concept of "Casting ( Narrow Casting & Wide Casting )" properly.
Let us see the following cases where the concept of "Casting ( Narrow Casting & Wide Casting )" comes into the picture in various practices of Abap, Webdynpro abap and FPM.
1. ABAP:-
When we are working with RTTS in abap it is very much important we must know the Casting Techniques. Without knowledge of the Casting of objects, there will be a lot of trouble we may faces.
Mainly RTTS offers Runtime Type Services, means RTTS Programming enables us to find the type of the particular data obejct or data type or data reference in the run time.
RTTS also enables us to create the data in the run time very dynamically.
So, in the run time when we finding the type of the data objects or creation of data objects in the run time, We must do the Wide casting and Narrow casting also some times on the references provided by SAP Dynamically.
So, here we go to have knowledge on Casting is mandatory.
2. WEBDYNPRO ABAP:-
The another point where the concept of casting comes into picture is , When we working with the ALV Reports and Dynamic programming of WEBDYNPRO. Here also we should posses good casting skills.
3. FPM:-
The major use of casting comes in hand is none other than FPM. When we working with certain Floor Plans or when we woking with Feeder Class concept of FPM, Casting comes into picture again.
Along with Casting ( Narrow casting & Wide casting ), We must have the knowledge of 'Field Symbols' and 'Data References (known & Unknown)' to work with our all complex scenarios of Webdynpro and FPM and all.
So guys, please have Knowledge on the following, befor you master on advanced techniques of WEBDYNPRO and FPM etc.
     1. Field Symbols
     2. Data References (known & unknown)
     3. Casting (Narrow casting & Wide casting)
     4. Brief Idea about RTTS
All the above 4 concepts will definitely make our life easy when dig more into WEBDYNPRO ABAP and FPM.
Thank You.
Please share your comments on the same.

Hi Shankar,
It's really good to know.
It could be great if you can share few technicalities for the concepts explained.
Regards,
Rafi

Object casting: confusion in ABAP Objects: Complete Reference book

Hi,
During Object Assignments using casting, is a Type Test carried out during the syntax check or at runtime?
A.5.2.2 (page 1008) of 'ABAP Objects: The Complete Reference' says about Widening Cast: "...you must check at runtime...". However on the next page under A.5.3.2 it says of Widening Cast in Data References: "The syntax check precludes...".
A.5.4 (page 1010) concerns Assignments between Object Reference Variables, but makes no mention of whether checks are carried out by a syntax check or at runtime.
Also nowhere does it mention when Type Tests for Narrow casting takes place. Can anyone clear my confusion please? Unfortunatly I don't know enough about this stuff to test by writing some code.
Thanks.

William,
Your questions can be answered by the following rule for object references, which I found in the book "ABAP Objects" by Horst Keller and Sascha Krüger:
"... that the static type of the target variable must be equal to or more general than the dynamic type of the source variable."
Here "static type" means the type with which an object reference variable is declared. "Dynamic type" is the type that the object reference variable has at runtime. The dynamic type of an object reference is always more special than its static type, otherwise a runtime error occurs.
With this rule all your questions can be answered:
1. The Narrowing Cast is always checked during the syntax check. Example:
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref1 = o_ref2.
Here the reference o_ref2 has a dynamic type "class_1" or a subclass of it, which is narrower than its static type "class_1", which is narrower than the static type "object" of the reference o_ref1. Therefore, the syntax check says that the assignment is OK.
2. The Widening Cast is always checked at runtime and requires an assignment using the operator ?=. If you use the operator = in the assignment, a syntax error occurs. Therefore the following example produces a syntax error (try it yourself):
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref2 = o_ref1.
The correction for this syntax error is:
DATA o_ref1 TYPE REF TO object.
DATA o_ref2 TYPE REF TO class_1.
o_ref2 ?= o_ref1.
Now the syntax check is satified, and the correctness of the widening cast is checked at runtime.
Kind regards,
Michael Kraemer
Message was edited by: Michael Kraemer

ABAP Object (Up cast, Down Cast)

Someone should let me know.
Version 4.70 Enterprise was as follows.
" Up Cast (Narrowing-Cast)
superclass = subclass.
" Down Cast (Widening-Cast)
subclass ?= superclass.
It is why the help of F1 is changed as follows from the version ECC 6.0.
(Widening-Cast and Narrowing-Cast became reverse.)
" Up Cast (Widening-Cast)
superclass = subclass.
" Down Cast (Narrowing-Cast)
subclass ?= superclass.

Hello Tayori,
You are referring to the link: [ABAP Objects: Narrowing Cast (Upcasting) |http://help-abap.blogspot.com/2008/09/abap-objects-narrowing-cast-upcasting.html], than you must have read the discussion between me and Christian.
I am not clear why SAP has changed the definition.
I am on ECC 5.0 and in my F1 defintion it says Narrowing Cast = Upcasting.
It is better not to use Upcasting or Downcasting terms, as they are with the reference of the your view of Inheritence Tree. So, we can stick to the standard terms like Narrowing and Widening Cast.
Narrowing: "More Specific view of an object" to "less specific view".
Like: BMW to CAR
Widening: "Less Specific View of an ojbect" to "More Specific view"
Like: CAR to BMW
Regards,
Naimesh Patel

ABAP Objects and table processing (with logical databases)

I have a report that is written right now using procedural abap and a logical database. The report is structured follows (high level):
start-of-selection.
get pernr.
perform get_it0001 using wtab.
perform get_it0002 using wtab.
perform get_it0003 using wtab.
append wtab to itab.
end-of-selection.
call function 'reuse_alv_grid_display'
 exporting
 i_structure_name = 'itabstructure'
 tables
 t_outtab = itab.
So basically I'm going through a bunch of personnel numbers, getting a few infotypes and outputting to ALV. I don't see where ABAP Objects is going to help me for this particular program.
Can somebody show me where OO ABAP would make this easier? Does it even make sense to use OO when you're processing with a logical database? (Not just PNP, but any logical database in general).
Thanks in advance.

Hello Lee
I assume that the routines GET_ITnnnn are written by yourself. For reading infotypes ABAP Objects provides us with same very helpful classes as shown below:
* define data
DATA:
 gif_employee type ref to if_pt_employee,
 go_employee type ref to cl_pt_employee,
 gt_infotypes TYPE tim_tmw_itlist_tab,
 go_control TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_control,
 go_data TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_base,
 go_pnnnn TYPE REF TO if_pt_td_itnnnn,
 gt_p0001 TYPE TIM_P0001_TAB,
 gt_p0002 TYPE TIM_P0002_TAB,
 gt_p0003 TYPE TIM_P0003_TAB.
start-of-selection.
GET pernr.
* Create employee instance
gif_employee = cl_pt_employee=>get_employee( pernr ).
go_employee ?= gif_employee.
* Get master infotypes (0001, 0002)
CALL METHOD go_employee->get_master_data
 EXPORTING
 im_begda = id_fromdate
 im_endda = id_todate
 IMPORTING
* EX_I0000 =
 EX_I0001 = gt_p0001
 EX_I0002 = gt_p0002
* EX_I0007 =
* EX_I0008 =
* Append all other required infotypes to itab
APPEND '0003' TO gt_infotypes.
CALL METHOD go_employee->get_infotypes
 EXPORTING
 i_itlist = gt_infotypes
 i_fromdate = id_fromdate " start date
 i_todate = id_todate " end date
* I_FILTER =
 i_noauthcheck = 'X'
 IMPORTING
 e_result = gt_infty_request
 e_retcd = gd_retcd.
* Please see documentation of parameter e_retcd...
LOOP AT gt_infty_request INTO go_control.
 go_data = go_control->data. " get data object
* Casting
 TRY.
 go_pnnnn ?= go_data.
 CATCH cx_sy_move_cast_error.
 CONTINUE.
 ENDTRY.
* Convert infotype (semi-transparent -> transparent)
 CALL METHOD cl_hr_pnnnn_type_cast=>prelp_to_pnnnn
 EXPORTING
 prelp = lo_pnnnn->prelp
 IMPORTING
 pnnnn = gs_p0003.
 APPEND gs_p0027 TO gt_p0003.
ENDLOOP.
The class CL_PT_EMPLOYEE provides us already with very easy access to so-called master infotypes (000, 0001, 0002, 0007 and 0008). All other infotypes can be read using method GET_INFOTYPES.
Using these classes we have a very convenient and standardized way of accessing all kinds of infotypes.
Regards
Uwe

Help In ABAP Object Certification Question

Hi ABAP Gurus,
iam going to write certification Exam on Nov 11. i have got some model question from SAP domain for all the topics Except ABAP Objects which is so important...
Please anybody send me some Example question you guys got from the Certification Exam
it will be be grateful to me...
Thanks a lot in advance.
Prabhu
SAP Lead Consultant

Hi,
Sending ABAP Objects questions is not an option but normally, your concepts are tested for:
- Classes and objects
- Inheritance
- Casting
- Interfaces
- Events
- Global classes and interfaces
- Exception handling
- Dynamic programming
You can use help.sap.com to take a look at these topics one by one. Hope this helps.
Good luck.

Abap Objects doubts.

Hi Experts.
Plz give me some details for the following questions.
1. what is abstract class.
2. give me some example program using inheritance.
3. Some sample programs using events.
4. Narrow casting & wide casting.. And describe the use of it.
5. How to declare internal table in ABAP OOPS.
6. What is the use of table type.?
7. What is instance.?
8. Explain friend class.
Thank in advance.
Points will be given for the answers.
regards,
J.Joe

HI
1. what is abstract class.
Abstract classes are normally used as an incomplete blueprint for concrete (that is, non-abstract) subclasses, for example to define a uniform interface.
Classes with at least one abstract method are themselves abstract.
Static methods and constructors cannot be abstract.
You can specify the class of the instance to be created explicitly: CREATE OBJECT <RefToAbstractClass> TYPE <NonAbstractSubclassName>.
Abstarct classes themselves cant be instantiated ( althrough their subclasses can)
Reference to abstract classes can refer to instance of subclass
Abstract (instance) methods are difined in the class , but not implemented
They must be redefined in subclasses
CLASS LC1 DEFINAITION ABSTARCT
PUBLIC SECTION
METHODS ESTIMATE ABSTARCT IMPORTING
ENDCLASS.
2. give me some example program using inheritance.
The following simple example shows the principle of inheritance within ABAP Objects. It is based on the Simple Introduction to Classes. A new class counter_ten inherits from the existing class counter.
REPORT demo_inheritance.
CLASS counter DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
 METHODS: set IMPORTING value(set_value) TYPE i,
 increment,
 get EXPORTING value(get_value) TYPE i.
 PROTECTED SECTION .
 DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD set.
 count = set_value.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD increment.
 ADD 1 TO count.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get.
 get_value = count.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten DEFINITION INHERITING FROM counter.
PUBLIC SECTION.
 METHODS increment REDEFINITION .
 DATA count_ten.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS counter_ten IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD increment.
 DATA modulo TYPE I.
 CALL METHOD super->increment .
 write / count.
 modulo = count mod 10.
 IF modulo = 0.
 count_ten = count_ten + 1.
 write count_ten.
 ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
DATA: count TYPE REF TO counter,
 number TYPE i VALUE 5.
START-OF-SELECTION.
 CREATE OBJECT count TYPE counter_ten .
CALL METHOD count->set EXPORTING set_value = number.
DO 20 TIMES.
 CALL METHOD count->increment.
ENDDO.
The class COUNTER_TEN is derived from COUNTER. It redefines the method INCREMENT. To do this, you must change the visibility of the COUNT attribute from PRIVATE to PROTECTED. The redefined method calls the obscured method of the superclass using the pseudoreference SUPER->. The redefined method is a specialization of the inherited method.
The example instantiates the subclass. The reference variable pointing to it has the type of the superclass. When the INCREMENT method is called using the superclass reference, the system executes the redefined method from the subclass.
3. Some sample programs using events.
Events in ABAP Objects - Example
The following example shows how to declare, call, and handle events in ABAP Objects.
Overview
This object works with the interactive list displayed below. Each user interaction triggers an event in ABAP Objects. The list and its data is created in the class C_LIST. There is a class STATUS for processing user actions. It triggers an event BUTTON_CLICKED in the AT USER-COMMAND event. The event is handled in the class C_LIST. It contains an object of the class C_SHIP or C_TRUCK for each line of the list. Both of these classes implement the interface I_VEHICLE. Whenever the speed of one of these objects changes, the event SPEED_CHANGE is triggered. The class C_LIST reacts to this and updates the list.
Constraints
The ABAP statements used for list processing are not yet fully available in ABAP Objects. However, to produce a simple test output, you can use the following statements:
WRITE [AT] /<offset>(<length>) <f>
ULINE
SKIP
NEW-LINE
Note: The behavior of formatting and interactive list functions in their current state are not guaranteed. Incompatible changes could occur in a future release.
Declarations
This example is implemented using local interfaces and classes. Below are the declarations of the interfaces and classes:
Interface and Class declarations
INTERFACE I_VEHICLE.
DATA MAX_SPEED TYPE I.
EVENTS SPEED_CHANGE EXPORTING VALUE(NEW_SPEED) TYPE I.
METHODS: DRIVE,
 STOP.
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS C_SHIP DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR.
INTERFACES I_VEHICLE.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ALIASES MAX FOR I_VEHICLE~MAX_SPEED.
DATA SHIP_SPEED TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_TRUCK DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS CONSTRUCTOR.
INTERFACES I_VEHICLE.
PRIVATE SECTION.
ALIASES MAX FOR I_VEHICLE~MAX_SPEED.
DATA TRUCK_SPEED TYPE I.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS STATUS DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
 CLASS-EVENTS BUTTON_CLICKED EXPORTING VALUE(FCODE) LIKE SY-UCOMM.
CLASS-METHODS: CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR,
 USER_ACTION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_LIST DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: FCODE_HANDLER FOR EVENT BUTTON_CLICKED OF STATUS
 IMPORTING FCODE,
 LIST_CHANGE FOR EVENT SPEED_CHANGE OF I_VEHICLE
 IMPORTING NEW_SPEED,
 LIST_OUTPUT.
PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA: ID TYPE I,
 REF_SHIP TYPE REF TO C_SHIP,
 REF_TRUCK TYPE REF TO C_TRUCK,
 BEGIN OF LINE,
 ID TYPE I,
 FLAG,
 IREF TYPE REF TO I_VEHICLE,
 SPEED TYPE I,
 END OF LINE,
 LIST LIKE SORTED TABLE OF LINE WITH UNIQUE KEY ID.
ENDCLASS.
The following events are declared in the example:
The instance event SPEED_CHANGE in the interface I_VEHICLE
The static event BUTTON_CLICKED in the class STATUS.
The class C_LIST contains event handler methods for both events.
Note that the class STATUS does not have any attributes, and therefore only works with static methods and events.
Implementations
Below are the implementations of the methods of the above classes:
Implementations
CLASS C_SHIP IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
 MAX = 30.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~DRIVE.
 CHECK SHIP_SPEED < MAX.
 SHIP_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED + 10.
 RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
 EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~STOP.
 CHECK SHIP_SPEED > 0.
 SHIP_SPEED = 0.
 RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
 EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = SHIP_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_TRUCK IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CONSTRUCTOR.
 MAX = 150.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~DRIVE.
 CHECK TRUCK_SPEED < MAX.
 TRUCK_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED + 50.
 RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
 EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD I_VEHICLE~STOP.
 CHECK TRUCK_SPEED > 0.
 TRUCK_SPEED = 0.
 RAISE EVENT I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE
 EXPORTING NEW_SPEED = TRUCK_SPEED.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS STATUS IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR.
 SET PF-STATUS 'VEHICLE'.
 WRITE 'Click a button!'.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD USER_ACTION.
 RAISE EVENT BUTTON_CLICKED EXPORTING FCODE = SY-UCOMM.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS C_LIST IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD FCODE_HANDLER .
 CLEAR LINE.
 CASE FCODE.
 WHEN 'CREA_SHIP'.
 ID = ID + 1.
 CREATE OBJECT REF_SHIP.
 LINE-ID = ID.
 LINE-FLAG = 'C'.
 LINE-IREF = REF_SHIP.
 APPEND LINE TO LIST.
 WHEN 'CREA_TRUCK'.
 ID = ID + 1.
 CREATE OBJECT REF_TRUCK.
 LINE-ID = ID.
 LINE-FLAG = 'T'.
 LINE-IREF = REF_TRUCK.
 APPEND LINE TO LIST.
 WHEN 'DRIVE'.
 CHECK SY-LILLI > 0.
 READ TABLE LIST INDEX SY-LILLI INTO LINE.
 CALL METHOD LINE-IREF->DRIVE.
 WHEN 'STOP'.
 LOOP AT LIST INTO LINE.
 CALL METHOD LINE-IREF->STOP.
 ENDLOOP.
 WHEN 'CANCEL'.
 LEAVE PROGRAM.
 ENDCASE.
 CALL METHOD LIST_OUTPUT.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD LIST_CHANGE .
 LINE-SPEED = NEW_SPEED.
 MODIFY TABLE LIST FROM LINE.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD LIST_OUTPUT.
 SY-LSIND = 0.
 SET TITLEBAR 'TIT'.
 LOOP AT LIST INTO LINE.
 IF LINE-FLAG = 'C'.
 WRITE / ICON_WS_SHIP AS ICON.
 ELSEIF LINE-FLAG = 'T'.
 WRITE / ICON_WS_TRUCK AS ICON.
 ENDIF.
 WRITE: 'Speed = ', LINE-SPEED.
 ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
The static method USER_ACTION of the class STATUS triggers the static event BUTTON_CLICKED. The instance methods I_VEHICLEDRIVE and I_VEHICLESTOP trigger the instance event I_VEHICLE~SPEED_CHANGE in the classes C_SHIP and C_TRUCK.
Using the Classes in a Program
The following program uses the above classes:
REPORT OO_EVENTS_DEMO NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
Global data of program
DATA LIST TYPE REF TO C_LIST.
Program events
START-OF-SELECTION.
CREATE OBJECT LIST.
SET HANDLER: LIST->FCODE_HANDLER,
 LIST->LIST_CHANGE FOR ALL INSTANCES.
AT USER-COMMAND.
CALL METHOD STATUS=>USER_ACTION.
The program creates an object of the class C_LIST and registers the event handler method FCODE_HANDLER of the object for the class event BUTTON_CLICKED, and the event handler method LIST_CHANGE for the event SPEED_CHANGE of all instances that implement the interface I_VEHICLE.
4. Narrow casting & wide casting.. And describe the use of it.
Narrowing Cast
The assignment of a subclass instance to a reference variable of the type "reference to superclass" is described as a narrowing cast, because you are switching from a more detailed view to a one with less detail.
Description up-cast is also used.
use
A user who is not interested in the finer points of cars, trucks, and busses (but only, for example, in the fuel consumption and tank gauge) does not need to know about them. This user only wants and needs to work with (references to) the lcl_vehicle class. However, in order to allow the user to work with cars, busses, or trucks, you generally need a narrowing cast.
Widening cast
The widening cast logically represents the opposite of the narrowing cast. The widening cast cannot be checked statically, only at runtime. The Cast Operator ?= (or the equivalent MOVE ... ?TO ) must be used to make this visible.
It changes from a less detailed view to one with more detail.
use
The client, the car rental company wants to execute a function for specific vehicles form the list (vehicle_list). For example, the client wants to ascertain the truck with the largest cargo capacity. However, not all vehicles are in the trucks list, it also includes references to cars and busses.
5. How to declare internal table in ABAP OOPS.
BEGIN OF LINE,
 ID TYPE I,
 FLAG,
 IREF TYPE REF TO I_VEHICLE,
 SPEED TYPE I,
 END OF LINE,
6. What is the use of table type.?
Please check the SAP help , as all these things are provided in detail in it .
In case you find it difficult to find it or search for it here is the link
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/90/8d7304b1af11d194f600a0c929b3c3/frameset.htm
7. What is instance.?
Instance methods are called using CALL METHOD <reference>-><instance_method>.
Static methods (also referred to as class methods) are called using CALL METHOD <classname>=><class_method>.
If you are calling a static method from within the class, you can omit the class name.
You access instance attributes using <instance>-><instance_attribute>
8. Explain friend class.
In rare cases, classes have to work together so closely that they need access to their protected and private components. To avoid making these components available to all users, there is the concept of friendship between classes.
To do this you use the FRIENDS additions to the CLASS statement, in which all classes and interfaces that are to be provided friendship are listed
In principle, providing friendship is one-sided: A class providing friendship is not automatically a friend of its friends. If a class providing friendship wants to access the non-public components of a friend, this friend has to explicitly provide friendship to it.
Classes that inherit from friends and interfaces that contain a friend as a component interface also become friends. However, providing friendship, unlike the attribute of being a friend, is not inherited. A friend of a superclass is therefore not automatically a friend of its subclasses.
Reward if usefull

Passing a program defined internal table to an abap object

Hi. I have an internal table that was previously defined and created by SAP that I need to process in a user exit. The table is defined exactly as shown below.
Is it possible to pass a table that was defined in this manner (not in the ABAP dictionary) as an argument to a method of an ABAP object?
If so, what would the data type of the itab parameter have to be when defining the object's method parameter list? Is it necessary to somehow "cast it" to the KNA1 table type once I receive the table into the method? If so, what is the data type of the object's receiving variable/attribute?
data: begin of lkna1 occurs 0001.
 include structure kna1 .
data:
 end of lkna1 .
Just as one additional piece of information, I am using version 4.5B and I am trying to do this through se24.
Thanks so much!

Hi again,
This kind of simple approach,
we can pass ANY KIND OF TABLE
WITHOUT HAVING TO DEFINE
LINE TYPE IN SE11.
1. doing this simply u will achieve what u want.
( i just tried the same)
2. in se24,
give like this
ITAB Importing Type STANDARD TABLE
3. in the calling program,
call like this,
report abc.
data: begin of lkna1 occurs 0001.
include structure kna1.
data: end of lkna1.
data: testobj type ref to zsdtest.
select * from kna1
into table lkna1.
lkna1-kunnr = '000234'.
create object testobj.
call method testobj->testreceive
exporting itab = lkna1[].
4.
then in the class, source code,
just use like this
(so that u can accesss the fields of the itab,
using myitab)
method TESTRECEIVE .
data : myitab type table of kna1.
myitab[] = itab[].
break-point.
endmethod.
5. thats all !
regards,
amit m.

Logical Database in Abap Objects

Hi to All
I want do it a program report using a Logical Database.
Is this possible ??? But when I make a GET <node>, occurs the following error:
 "" Statement "ENDMETHOD" missing. ""
I'm doing the following:
CLASS MONFIN IMPLEMENTATION.
 METHOD TRAER_DATOS.
 GET VBRK.
 ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Please, somebody tell me how I use the logical database in Abap Objects.
Thank you very much
Regards
Dario R.

Hi there
Logical databases whilst of "some use" are not really part of OO.
If you want to use a logical database in an abap OO program I would create a special class which just does the get data from your DB and pass this either at record or table level.
Techniques such as GET XXXX LATE aren't really part of any OO type of application since at Object Instantiation time you should be able to access ALL the attributes of that object.
As far as OO is concerned Logical databases are a throwback to "Dinosaur Technology".
Since however modules such as SD and FI are still heavily reliant on relational structures (i.e linked tables etc) then there is still some limited life in this stuff but for OO try and solve it by another method.
If you really must use this stuff in OO then do it via a FMOD call and save the data in a table which your method will pass back to your application program.
You can't issue a GET command directly in a method.
Cheers
Jimbo

Adding leading zeros in abap objects.

Can anyone explain me
1. How to add leading zeros to a field in abap objects.
For eg:
data: dmb(6) type c value '123456',
actually the output value of c should have leading zeros added to it for length 16.
i.e '0000000000123456' . If the length of dmb is less than 16 then leading zeros should be added to that value to make it 16 as length.
Please tell me how to do it in ABAP Objects.

Hi Camila
Try to use the statement
DATA: ALPHABET(15) VALUE ' ABCDEFGHIJ',
 M1(4) VALUE 'ABCD',
 M2(6) VALUE 'BJJCA '.
SHIFT ALPHABET LEFT DELETING LEADING M1.
The field
ALPHABET
remains unchanged.
SHIFT ALPHABET LEFT DELETING LEADING SPACE.
The field ALPHABET now has the following contents:
'ABCDEFGHIJ '.
SHIFT ALPHABET RIGHT DELETING TRAILING M2.
ALPHABET now has the following contents:
' ABCDEFGHI'.
IN CHARACTER MODE
Effect
This is the default setting (see above), and the addition is therefore optional.
Note
Performance:
For performance reasons, you should avoid using SHIFT in WHILE loops.
The runtime required to shift a field with length 10 by one character to the right or left requires about 5 msn (standardized microseconds). A cyclical shift requires around 7 msn. The runtime for the ...
LEFT DELETING LEADING
... variant is around 3.5 msn, for ...
RIGHT DELETING TRAILING
... around 4.5 msn.
Reward all helpfull answers
Regards
Pavan

Significance of Interfaces in ABAP Objects

Hi Guys, here I have a query -
Why do we use Interfaces in ABAP Objects?, and what is the significance of Interfaces in ABAP Objects?
Please clarify the above with a suitable example.

Moderator message - Welcome to SCN.
But
Moderator message - But this isn't a training forum. Please ask a specific question - post locked

Exception 'error_message' in ABAP Objects

I've got a heterogeneous scenario with new program parts in ABAP objects and older parts in classical ABAP.
In the older parts some R/3 standard functions are called which dump dialog messages which are not allowed at that state of the program flow ('on commit').
The simple solution in classical ABAP was to use standard exception 'error_message' in the top level 'call function' statement thus catch all dialog messages in lower levels.
I am looking for an analog solution in object oriented ABAP. But exception 'error_message' is not allowed with 'call method'. It cannot be defined statically in the methods declaration. And the system exception caused by the dialog error message is not included in the set of catchable system errors.
I would be grateful for any hints concerning this problem.

Hi
Excuse me! But I didn't want to sent you my answer.
Anyway:
CLASS lcl_my_class DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS my_method
              EXPORTING
                EXCEPTION TYPE CHAR1
              EXCEPTIONS error_messages.
ENDCLASS.                    "LCL_MY_CLASS DEFINITION
CLASS lcl_my_class IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD my_method.
    IF EXCEPTION = 'X'.
      MESSAGE e208(00) WITH 'Message error'
                  RAISING error_messages.
    ELSE.
      MESSAGE I208(00) WITH 'OK!'.
    ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.                    "MY_METHOD
ENDCLASS.                    "LCL_MY_CLASS IMPLEMENTATION
So you did want to do a call like this:
CALL METHOD lcl_my_class=>my_method
   EXCEPTIONS
     error_messages = 1
     error_message = 2
     OTHERS         = 3.
No! you can't do it, but you try to insert your call in fm where you use ERROR_MESSAGE addition. I think you can do it if your methods are std.
Max
Message was edited by: max bianchi

Re : select-options in abap-objects program

Dear friends,
                  I want to give select-options in abap-objects program. How to give that.
                             Thanking You
with regards,
Mani

In the transaction SE24, enter your class name, click modify.
in the tab named "Types" you have to declare two types. By example, if you want to receive one select-options that in your program that uses this class is declared like:
" P_SAKNR FOR SKAT-SAKNR".
you've got to declare two types in the class:
a- TYPES: begin of E_S_SAKNR,
                      sign(1),
                      option(2),
                      low(10),
                      high(10),
                  end of E_S_SAKNR.
b - TYPES E_T_SAKNR type standard table of E_S_SAKNR.
so, in the class method that you want to receive P_SAKNR as importing parameter. You got to do this:
method TEST importing ET_SAKNR type E_T_SAKNR.
now, in the implementation of this method you should be able to use ET_SAKNR as the same way as you usually use a parameter or a select-option. You could use it in a select with the operator IN by example..

Re : select-options in abap objects

Dear friends,
I want to give select-options in abap-objects program. How to give that.
Thanking You
with regards,
Mani

HI Mani,
It's common mix ABAP Procedural with ABAP Objects in the same program.
You should use the same way used in ABAP procedural program as Marco Cerdelli sad.
But inside ABAP OBJECTS classes you can't use is these statement type.
Don't forget to close this thread and all yours previous when your question be answered ! In case of doubt read the [rules of engagement|https://forums.sdn.sap.com/].
Best Regards.
Marcelo Ramos

Java package concept in ABAP Objects

Hi, just a question on grouping of classes in ABAP Objects.
In Java, you can group classes by "package" to avoid
namespace collision, my question, in ABAP Objects, how
do you group classes to avoid namespace collision?
I know that there is package concept in SAP/ABAP but it
is different concept in Java.
Thanks in advanced for your reply.

Hello One and Lonley,
the package concept in ABAP and Java is quite different. In java the package name is part of the development object in ABAP not. So any class pool name is global unique. In combination with the restriction on 30 chars this leads often to somehow cryptic names.
The only way to escape this somehow is the excessive use of local classes. That mean classes defined within main programs. If you are on 7.00 you may check FuGr SAPLSAUNIT_TREE_CTRL_LISTENER for this technique.
Best Regards
klaus

Casting in ABAP Objects

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