Changes, or loss of quality when changing from Indexed Colour to RGB or Gray Scale?

I am using a canon scanner 700 to scan old photographs and plans/maps for high resolution publication. The plans and photographs are both in colour and in bl/wh and grayscale. I usually scan in gray scale unless its an important, coloured plan.
I am unable to scan through c5 for some reason. Its a 64 bit dell M4400, W7. All legal, all working fine.
I use the program canon supplies (Canon MP Navigator EX 2.1) and choose grayscale, 1200 dpi. No problem so far. Output seems great when I open in photoshop.
However, the files open in Indexed Colour mode, and not grey scale as I scanned them in.
My questions are :
a) why does it open in indexed colour mode?
b) is there any loss of information if I simply change them into grey scale?
I need the files in high res for professional publication in large format, but also for analysis of dimensions. So I cannot afford ANY transformation or loss of info.
Hope somebody can help me out!
All the best,
Mads M. Nielsen

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Changes, or loss of quality when changing from Indexed Colour to RGB or Gray Scale?

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