Char into String

How do i convert a char into a string?
Thanks

char c = 'f';
Character character = new Character(c);
String charAsString = character.toString();
or better
String charAsString = String.valueOf(c);
Alan

Similar Messages

Parsing chars into Strings

I am trying to create a Hangman program. It uses a dialog box to get input and then displays the word in the GUI. I need to know how to turn a character from a string into a char. I couldn't find any method to help me in the API documentation. I'm sure this is a stupid question but any help would be nice. Thank you in advance.

String.valueOf(char);That's not going to work. The OP wants to change "from a string into a char". This example does the opposite.

Combine two ints into a long without using chars or strings.

Hi
I have two ints and i need to combine (not add) them into a long value. The reason for this is because I need the make keys for a DB containing both values.
eg.
int1 = 3567453647
int2= 6368535795
long combination = combine(int1, int2);
and the value of combination should be 35674536476368535795
I know you can doing it by turning the ints into strings, combining the strings and then using the combined string as intput to a new Long(String) but I really need a faster way using pure maths (maybe bit shift?) as this combination function will be used billions of times.
Thanks
Edited by: user8908143 on 29-Sep-2010 19:52

It's also a good way to get rid of boneheaded comments once one realizes how boneheaded they were. :-)A posteriori editing is another way :o)
[OT: Forum features and moderators] A posteriori edition ( self- or mod- )
Edited by: jduprez on Sep 30, 2010 6:21 PM
That being said (and mocked), the binary shift left solution seems correct (although I'd definitely go for a custom class and double-column key instead).

ASCII character/string processing and performance - char[] versus String?

Hello everyone
I am relative novice to Java, I have procedural C programming background.
I am reading many very large (many GB) comma/double-quote separated ASCII CSV text files and performing various kinds of pre-processing on them, prior to loading into the database.
I am using Java7 (the latest) and using NIO.2.
The IO performance is fine.
My question is regarding performance of using char[i] arrays versus Strings and StringBuilder classes using charAt() methods.
I read a file, one line/record at a time and then I process it. The regex is not an option (too slow and can not handle all cases I need to cover).
I noticed that accessing a single character of a given String (or StringBuilder too) class using String.charAt(i) methods is several times (5 times+?) slower than referring to a char of an array with index.
My question: is this correct observation re charAt() versus char[i] performance difference or am I doing something wrong in case of a String class?
What is the best way (performance) to process character strings inside Java if I need to process them one character at a time ?
Is there another approach that I should consider?
Many thanks in advance

>
Once I took that String.length() method out of the 'for loop' and used integer length local variable, as you have in your code, the performance is very close between array of char and String charAt() approaches.
>
You are still worrying about something that is irrevelant in the greater scheme of things.
It doesn't matter how fast the CPU processing of the data is if it is faster than you can write the data to the sink. The process is:
1. read data into memory
2. manipulate that data
3. write data to a sink (database, file, network)
The reading and writing of the data are going to be tens of thousands of times slower than any CPU you will be using. That read/write part of the process is the limiting factor of your throughput; not the CPU manipulation of step #2.
Step #2 can only go as fast as steps #1 and #3 permit.
Like I said above:
>
The best 'file to database' performance you could hope to achieve would be loading simple, 'known to be clean', record of a file into ONE table column defined, perhaps, as VARCHAR2(1000); that is, with NO processing of the record at all to determine column boundaries.
That performance would be the standard you would measure all others against and would typically be in the hundreds of thousands or millions of records per minute.
What you would find is that you can perform one heck of a lot of processing on each record without slowing that 'read and load' process down at all.
>
Regardless of the sink (DB, file, network) when you are designing data transport services you need to identify the 'slowest' parts. Those are the 'weak links' in the data chain. Once you have identified and tuned those parts the performance of any other step merely needs to be 'slightly' better to avoid becoming a bottleneck.
That CPU part for step #2 is only rarely, if every the problem. Don't even consider it for specialized tuning until you demonstrate that it is needed.
Besides, if your code is properly designed and modularized you should be able to 'plug n play' different parse and transform components after the framework is complete and in the performance test stage.
>
The only thing that is fixed is that all input files are ASCII (not Unicode) characters in range of 'space' to '~' (decimal 32-126) or common control characters like CR,LF,etc.
>
Then you could use byte arrays and byte processing to determine the record boundaries even if you then use String processing for the rest of the manipulation.
That is what my framework does. You define the character set of the file and a 'set' of allowable record delimiters as Strings in that character set. There can be multiple possible record delimiters and each one can be multi-character (e.g. you can use 'XyZ' if you want.
The delimiter set is converted to byte arrays and the file is read using RandomAccessFile and double-buffering and a multiple mark/reset functionality. The buffers are then searched for one of the delimiter byte arrays and the location of the delimiter is saved. The resulting byte array is then saved as a 'physical record'.
Those 'physical records' are then processed to create 'logical records'. The distinction is due to possible embedded record delimiters as you mentioned. One logical record might appear as two physical records if a field has an embedded record delimiter. That is resolved easily since each logical record in the file MUST have the same number of fields.
So a record with an embedded delimiter will have few fields than required meaning it needs to be combined with one, or more of the following records.
>
My files have no metadata, some are comma delimited and some comma and double quote delimited together, to protect the embedded commas inside columns.
>
I didn't mean the files themselves needed to contain metadata. I just meant that YOU need to know what metadata to use. For example you need to know that there should ultimately be 10 fields for each record. The file itself may have fewer physical fields due to TRAILING NULLCOS whereby all consecutive NULL fields at the of a record do not need to be present.
>
The number of columns in a file is variable and each line in any one file can have a different number of columns. Ragged columns.
There may be repeated null columns in any like ,,, or "","","" or any combination of the above.
There may also be spaces between delimiters.
The files may be UNIX/Linux terminated or Windows Server terminated (CR/LF or CR or LF).
>
All of those are basic requirements and none of them present any real issue or problem.
>
To make it even harder, there may be embedded LF characters inside the double quoted columns too, which need to be caught and weeded out.
>
That only makes it 'harder' in the sense that virtually NONE of the standard software available for processing delimited files take that into account. There have been some attempts (you can find them on the net) for using various 'escaping' techniques to escape those characters where they occur but none of them ever caught on and I have never found any in widespread use.
The main reason for that is that the software used to create the files to begin with isn't written to ADD the escape characters but is written on the assumption that they won't be needed.
That read/write for 'escaped' files has to be done in pairs. You need a writer that can write escapes and a matching reader to read them.
Even the latest version of Informatica and DataStage cannot export a simple one column table that contains an embedded record delimiter and read it back properly. Those tools simply have NO functionality to let you even TRY to detect that embedded delimiters exist let alone do any about it by escaping those characters. I gave up back in the '90s trying to convince the Informatica folk to add that functionality to their tool. It would be simple to do.
>
Some numeric columns will also need processing to handle currency signs and numeric formats that are not valid for the database inpu.
It does not feel like a job for RegEx (I want to be able to maintain the code and complex Regex is often 'write-only' code that a 9200bpm modem would be proud of!) and I don't think PL/SQL will be any faster or easier than Java for this sort of character based work.
>
Actually for 'validating' that a string of characters conforms (or not) to a particular format is an excellent application of regular expressions. Though, as you suggest, the actual parsing of a valid string to extract the data is not well-suited for RegEx. That is more appropriate for a custom format class that implements the proper business rules.
You are correct that PL/SQL is NOT the language to use for such string parsing. However, Oracle does support Java stored procedures so that could be done in the database. I would only recommend pursuing that approach if you were already needing to perform some substantial data validation or processing the DB to begin with.
>
I have no control over format of the incoming files, they are coming from all sorts of legacy systems, many from IBM mainframes or AS/400 series, for example. Others from Solaris and Windows.
>
Not a problem. You just need to know what the format is so you can parse it properly.
>
Some files will be small, some many GB in size.
>
Not really relevant except as it relates to the need to SINK the data at some point. The larger the amount of SOURCE data the sooner you need to SINK it to make room for the rest.
Unfortunately, the very nature of delimited data with varying record lengths and possible embedded delimiters means that you can't really chunk the file to support parallel read operations effectively.
You need to focus on designing the proper architecture to create a modular framework of readers, writers, parsers, formatters, etc. Your concern with details about String versus Array are way premature at best.
My framework has been doing what you are proposing and has been in use for over 20 years by three different major nternational clients. I have never had any issues with the level of detail you have asked about in this thread.
Throughout is limited by the performance of the SOURCE and the SINK. The processing in-between has NEVER been an issu.
A modular framework allows you to fine-tune or even replace a component at any time with just 'plug n play'. That is what Interfaces are all about. Any code you write for a parser should be based on an interface contract. That allows you to write the initial code using the simplest possible method and then later if, and ONLY if, that particular module becomes a bottlenect, replace that module with one that is more performant.
Your intital code should ONLY use standard well-established constructs until there is a demonstrated need for something else. For your use case that means String processing, not byte arrays (except for detecting record boundaries).

Converting chars to strings

I don't know how to get this thing to work:
public class TestGrade
public static void main(String[] args)throws GradeException
int studentID = 123423;
char grade;
String aGrade = new String();
try
   System.out.println("Student #: " + studentID);
   System.out.println("Enter a letter grade for student: ");
   grade = (char)System.in.read();
   if(grade >= 'A' && grade <= 'F' || grade >= 'f' && grade <= 'f')
    System.out.println("Student ID#: " + studentID + "Grade: " + grade);
    aGrade = grade;
   else
    throw(new GradeException(aGrade));
catch(GradeException error)
     System.out.println("Test Error: " + error.getMessage ());
}

it might help if I tell you where the error is...
   aGrade = grade; generates a rather obvious error. Incompatible types, I don't know how to convert this sucker into a string so I can feed a string into GradeException....

How to convert ascii codes into Strings

Is it possible to convert integers (ascii codes) into Strings. It cannot be done by casting like:
int temp = (String)(111)
Please help me out. I think there is a method for this.

Something as simple as String.valueOf((char) 111) comes to mind...

HOW can I convert int value char TO String

I am trying to study Java by books, but sometimes it is quite difficult to find answers even to simple questions...
I am writing a program that analyzes a Chinese text in Unicode. What I get from the text is CHAR int value (in decimals), and now I need to find them in another text file (with RegEx). But I can't find a way how to convert an INT value of a char into a String.
Could you help me?
Thank you in advance.

You are confusing matters a bit. A char is a char is a char, no matter
how you represent it. Have a look at this:char a= 'A';
char b= 65;Both a and b have the same value. The representation of that value
can be 'A' or 65 or even (char)('B'-1), because the decimal representation
of 'B' is 66. Note the funny construct (char)(...). This construct casts
the value ... back to the char type. Java performs all non-fraction
arithmetic using four byte integers. The cast transforms it back to
a two byte char type.
Strings are just concatenations of zero or more chars. the charAt(i)
method returns you the i-th char in a string. Have a look:String s= "AB";
char a= 'A';
char b= (char)(a+1);
if (a == s.charAt(0)) System.out.println("yep");
if (b == s.charAt(1)) System.out.println("yep");This piece of code prints "yep" two times. If you want to compare two
Strings instead, you have to do this:String s= "AB";
char a= 'A';
char b= 'B';
String t= ""+a+b;
if (s.equals(t)) System.out.println("yep");Note the 'equals' method instead of the '==' operator. Also note that
string t was constructed using those two chars. The above was a
shorthand of something like this:StringBuffer sb= new StringBuffer("");
sb.append(a);
sb.append(b);
String t= sb.toString();This is all handled by the compiler, for now, you can simply use the '+'
operator if you want to append a char to a string. Note that it is not
very efficient, but it'll do for now.
Does this get your started?
kind regards,
Jos

BufferedInputStream into string ?

while running fallowing programme i am getting out put as int .how to convert them into charecter string ?
int len = 0;
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(theProcess.getInputStream());
          while ( len != -1 ){
               len = in.read();
               if ( len != -1 )
System.out.print(len);
thanks in advance

import java.io.*;
public class CallHelloPgm
public static void main(String args[])
Process theProcess = null;
ObjectInputStream inStream = null;
System.out.println("CallHelloPgm.main() invoked");
File filepath = new File("/home/chgmgmt/");
// call the ls command
try
theProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ls" );
catch(IOException e)
System.err.println("Error on exec() method");
e.printStackTrace();
// read from the called program's standard output stream
try
int len = 0;
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(theProcess.getInputStream());
while ( len != -1 ){
len = in.read();
if ( len != -1 )
{ // do something with buf }}
// StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
// buf.append((char)len);
// System.out.print(buf.toString());
System.out.print(len);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(theProcess.getInputStream()));
char[] buffer = new char[1024];
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
int count;
while ((count = reader.read(buffer, 0, 1024)) > -1) {
stringBuffer.append(buffer, 0, count);
System.err.println("the count"+count);
String theString = stringBuffer.toString();
System.out.println("the string is "+theString);
catch(IOException e)
System.err.println("Error on inStream.readLine()");
e.printStackTrace();
} // end method
} // end class
java CallHelloPgm
out put in as400
CallHelloPgm.main() invoked
71982271952402422402413719822723024024124024137201148151230133130109242240240
24524024424224710922724224024024175133129153372151531501511331531631681091371
49162163129147147193151151162751671481473721515315015113315316316810913714916
21631291471471931511511621091311501491341371357516316716337227196150131162752
the string i
s
$
i am not getting into string buffer while loop
thanks for the suggestions

Get chars from string of numerals

here is what I would like to accomplish:
Put the last four integers of the systemDate into a variable so I can do some math with them.
Thanks.

Excellent. Thank you for the info. Very helpful.
Dewey
From: jchunick [email protected]
Sent: Friday, June 03, 2011 4:20 PM
To: Dewey Parker
Subject: Re: get chars from string of numerals
This is a post I made for the wiki which should help: http://director-online.com/dougwiki/index.php?title=Undocumented_Lingo#the_systemDate

How to Parse XML into String in BPEL?

Hi,
Can anyone tell me, how can I parse XML into String?
I am taking input from File Adapter, File adapter is reading that XML.
Then in assign activity i am using XPath expression(built functions) using XMLParser(),doTranslateToNative() etc.. many functions I have tried but XML is not getting parsed into String Variable.
Please help me asap.
Thanks
Shikha

Thanks a lot Eric.
I am trying this, oraext:get-content-as-string('receiveInput_Read_InputVariable','body','/ns3:orders')
but getting this error
<bpelFault><faultType>0</faultType><subLanguageExecutionFault xmlns="http://schemas.oracle.com/bpel/extension"><part name="summary"><summary>XPath expression failed to execute. An error occurs while processing the XPath expression; the expression is oraext:get-content-as-string('receiveInput_Read_InputVariable','body','/ns3:orders'). The XPath expression failed to execute; the reason was: internal xpath error. Check the detailed root cause described in the exception message text and verify that the XPath query is correct. </summary></part><part name="code"><code>XPathExecutionError</code></part></subLanguageExecutionFault></bpelFault>

How to convert xslt file into string

i'm writting a java program to use xslt to transform the xml file. i'm encountering the problem when i try to convert the xslt file into string. i've defined my utility class called 'XmlUtil' to carry out the operation of transform xml file through xslt. but in my main java program i need to convert both xml and xslt file into a string in order to input them in my function argument. my function argument is as follows:
String htmlString = XmlUtil.applyXsltString(xmlContent, xsltString);
i've already converted xmlcontent into string by using:
xmlContent = xmlContentBuffer.toString();
but i don't know how to convert 'xsltString' now ? i've searched the google for an hour but i cannot find the solution. anyone can help ?
detail of my souce code is as follow:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXResult;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXSource;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import org.apache.xml.serializer.OutputPropertiesFactory;
import org.apache.xml.serializer.Serializer;
import org.apache.xml.serializer.SerializerFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;
import XmlUtil;
public class FileDownload {
public static void download(String address, String localFileName){
OutputStream out = null;
URLConnection conn = null;
InputStream in = null;
StringBuffer xmlContentBuffer = new StringBuffer();
String temp = new String();
String xmlContent;
try {
URL url = new URL(address);
out = new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(localFileName));
conn = url.openConnection();
in = conn.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int numRead;
long numWritten = 0;
System.out.println (in.toString ());
while ((numRead = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer, 0, numRead);
numWritten += numRead;
temp = new String(buffer);
xmlContentBuffer.append(temp);
System.out.println(localFileName + "\t" + numWritten);
xmlContent = xmlContentBuffer.toString();
String htmlString = XmlUtil.applyXsltString(xmlContent, xsltString);
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (in != null) {
in.close();
if (out != null) {
out.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
public static void download(String address) {
int lastSlashIndex = address.lastIndexOf('/');
if (lastSlashIndex >= 0 &&
lastSlashIndex < address.length() - 1) {
download(address, address.substring(lastSlashIndex + 1));
} else {
System.err.println("Could not figure out local file name for " + address);
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
download(args);
}

I don't understand why you need load the XML and XLS files into a String. A Transformer can be constructed from a Source and there is a StreamSouce which can be constructed from an InputStream. The transform() method can take a Source as input and can produce a Result. There is no need to go near a String representation of either the input.

How to convert BLOB data into string format.

Hi,
I have problem while converting blob data into string format.
for example,
Select dbms_lob.substr(c.shape.Get_wkb(),4000,1) from geotable c
will get me the first 4000 byte of BLOB .
When i using SQL as i did above,the max length is 4000, but i can get 32K using plsql as below:
declare
my_var CLOB;
BEGIN
for x in (Select X from T)
loop
my_var:=dbms_lob.substr(x.X,32767,1)
end loop
return my_var;
I comfortably convert 32k BLOB field to string.
My problem is how to convert blob to varchar having size more than 32K.
Please help me to resolve this,
Thanx in advance for the support,
Nilesh

Nilesh,
. . . .The result of get_wkb() will not be human readable (all values are encoded into some binary format).
SELECT utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(tbl.geometry.get_wkt()) from FeatureTable tbl;
-- resulting string:
☺AW(⌂özßHAA
Å\(÷. . . .You may also want to have a look at { dbms_lob | http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14258/d_lob.htm#i1015792 } "The DBMS_LOB package provides subprograms to operate on BLOBs, CLOBs, NCLOBs, BFILEs, and temporary LOBs."
Regards,
Noel

Replace char on String

Hi All,
String strValue = "ABC TPT 0694";
My String is as shown above, I am looking for a way to replace char at byte 6 (position 6) with another Char in String.
For example at location 6 it is "T" I want to replace it with char "O". can any one tell me how to do this

String strValue = "ABC TPT 0694";
char[] chars = strValue.toCharArray();
chars[5] = 'O';
strValue = String.valueOf(chars);

Convert a line read from text file into string

how to convert a line from text file into string?
i know how to convert to numbers,
private int parseLine1(String line) {
          StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
              value1 = Integer.valueOf(tokenizer.nextToken()).intValue();
              value2 = Integer.valueOf(tokenizer.nextToken()).intValue();
             return value1;
                 }but what about charactrs?

ok, here is my problem, i have a file with a bunch of Xs in it but position function doesn't return a correct value, what's going wrong?
private int positioni(){
       int i=0;
       int j=0;
       int b=0;
       String line="";
        while(line!= null){
            for(int a=0; a<line.length(); a++){
                if(line.charAt(a)=='X'){
                    i=a;}
            b++;
            j=b;
            t=line.length();
            line=read(gridFileN);
       return i;
private String read(String ggridFileN){
         TextStreamReader ggridFile = new TextStreamReader(ggridFileN);
         return ggridFile.readLine();

What api would I use to get the number of chars in string?

What api would I use to get the number of chars in string?

Assuming that you really mean that you want the number of charaters in a String (not string), that would be documented in java.lang.String
The method is length()

Char into String

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