CIR and congestion

It is not exactly a cisco topic related but I am unable to find a forum for this brand so I thought cisco guys should be the best to answer a QOS question :-)
I have a wimax network with qos capacities enabling each customer to have a guaranteed and a max bandwitdh (upstream and downstream). This provides two parameters to each customer a CIR and a MIR (which is actually the CIR+ Burst).
The sum of CIR exceed my device capacity which is wrong I know, that means the bandwitdh is not really garanteed to each customer. I was just wondering what happens in the case of congestion. How the device is handling all those CIR exceeding his capacity ? And what will be the difference if I decrease my CIR to be lower than the capacity and I am still in this hypothesis of congestion ?
Basically, if my device capacity is 2 Mbits :
What will be the difference if I have
- 4 users with a CIR of 1Mbits
- 4 users with a MIR of 1Mbits
and they try using all of it ?

HI,
It's like not having QoS at all ;-). Depending on customer application behavior and which packets are dropped by the device, you could end with any scenarios like:
- 4x customers using each 500Kbps (perfect world)
- 2x customers using each 1Mbps and 2x customers starving
- Anything in the middle.
HTH
Laurent.

Similar Messages

QoS Traffic shaping and peak shaping

Hi,
Could somebody tell me what is the difference between traffic shaping and peak shaping?
Kind Regards.

Standard traffic shaping (the shape average command) will keep the average rate of the traffic to the limit you specify, which should be the committed rate of your circuit.
Peak shaping will also do traffic shaping (using queues, etc), guaranteeing a minimum rate, but will allow traffic to levels to burst above your configured (committed) rate.
From the documentation:
Traffic shaping limits the rate of transmission of data. In addition to using a specifically configured transmission rate, you can use Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS) to specify a derived transmission rate based on the level of congestion.
You can specify two types of traffic shaping; average rate shaping and peak rate shaping. Average rate shaping limits the transmission rate to the CIR. Using the CIR ensures that the average amount of traffic being sent conforms to the rate expected by the network.
Peak rate shaping configures the router to send more traffic than the CIR. To determine the peak rate, the router uses the following formula:
peak rate = CIR(1 + Be / Bc)
where:
â¢Be is the Excess Burst size.
â¢Bc is the Committed Burst size.
Peak rate shaping allows the router to burst higher than average rate shaping. However, using peak rate shaping, the traffic sent above the CIR (the delta) could be dropped if the network becomes congested.
If your network has additional bandwidth available (over the provisioned CIR) and the application or class can tolerate occasional packet loss, that extra bandwidth can be exploited through the use of peak rate shaping. However, there may be occasional packet drops when network congestion occurs. If the traffic being sent to the network must strictly conform to the configured network provisioned CIR, then you should use average traffic shaping.
Examples
The following example sets the uses average rate shaping to ensure a bandwidth of 256 kbps:
shape average 256000
The following example uses peak rate shaping to ensure a bandwidth of 300 kbps but allow throughput up to 512 kbps if enough bandwidth is available on the interface:
bandwidth 300
shape peak 512000

Questions and answers on DLM, sync speed and real ...

I was confused about some DML details and posted on a BE forum (https://avatar.bethere.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?t=43542) and got what was to me an incredibly helpful response from Tom (drsox). I thought it would be of interest to some readers here so copy it below. Once again, many thanks Tom.
1) FTTC DLM applies only between the cabinet and the modem?
>> Yes, as there isn't any broadband / data signal going anywhere further down the line to the exchange if you are on FTTC!
2) What are the different parameters that apply on this hop? I know there is a current sync speed, a current snr, a target snr and an ip profile. Anything else?
>> The IP profile isn't really related to DLM, it just "follows" your sync rate. In the past the IP profile would take up to 3 days to "follow upwards", leaving you with a high sync and awful speeds! This has been changed now on 21cn and "RE-ppp"ing (rebooting the router) would force the IP Profile to update instantly.
DLM changes the SNR target. So where BE have hard coded / set SNR targets such as 3db, 6db, 9db, 12db etc.. They only change upon user request. BT use their DLM system where line instability or line error counts are collected and analysed, the SNR target and interleaving settings are then modified in increments to try and stabilise the line.
This image shows quite well how, over a 6 day period, BTs DLM noticed that my line fault was fixed. I didn't get the full speed back for a week.
3) Is the ip profile the same as the BRAS profile?
>>Yes
4) The DLM keeps statistics of errors etc to dynamically change the ip profile?
>> Changes the SNR target and interleaving for the line which will reduce the speed, and therefor the IP profile.
5) There is a general theory that the DLM is incapable of telling the difference between an error and a modem power cycle, so that power cycling can cause your profile to lower. Is that correct?
>> Yes, if you resync / power cycle your router multiple times in a day it is likely to try and "combat the line errors" and reduce your sync rate by increasing the SNR and / or interleaving on the line.
6) Can other connections and disconnections have the same effect? For example, if I reboot the router (where this is separate from the modem)? Or use the router interface to disconnect/reconnect the broadband?
>> PPP drops (router reboots while leaving the BT Openreach VDSL modem on and connected) won't affect DLM. The IP profile will match your sync rate upon reconnection of the PPP session.
7) If you have a low ip profile, does this mean that the sync is limited to the ip profile?
>> Other way around, if you have a low sync rate then the IP profile will match the sync rate. If you get an awful sync rate and the IP profile follows downwards, then you resync higher but the router "keeps the PPP session open" (which is possible if you resync quick enough) then your IP profile will stay low, even though the sync is high. Until you reboot your router or disconnect and reconnect the PPP session.
8) Can the sync rate change dynamically without a reconnection? If the ip profile gradually rises, will the cabinet force a resync to make sure the customer is actually getting the benefit of the higher ip profile, or must the user intervene with a modem resync?
>> See above - Sync can rise without affecting the IP Profile and the cabinet does not force a RE-PPP.
8) As I understand it, if the ip profile gets stupidly low for some reason, it can only be reset by BT wholesale? This will only be done after a visit to your home and a telephone call from the engineer to the BT wholesale central admin?
>> Mixed reports plus I don't think people understand the difference between sync speeds, line faults, the delay in DLM increasing sync after a fault.. I expect half the reports on the BT forum are not related to a stuck BRAS / IP profile. It is possible for the ISP or a BT engineer to reset the IP profile and possibly DLM training.
9) (8) This applies to all ISPs using BT Wholesale: some may be more willing to force this process to happen on behalf of their customers, but none can cirumvent it?
>> GEA providers (I believe) still have DLM but don't have BRAS / IP profiles unless they implement their own.
10) Who sets the snr? As I understand it, the customer has no direct control. Is this different for different ISPs?
>> Mixed information again, I believe that BT Wholesale give providers DLM override controls and SNR settings but none? (or few) ISPs use this system.
11) Real download/upload speeds are physically limited by the sync rate. They are also naturally limited by local limitations (such as wireless connections), server limitations, and congestion at various points along the route? Any more? The congestion along the route will vary bewteen ISPs as they use different routes with different capabilitues.
>> It is possible for BTs regional or local cabinet network to become congested. Supposedly the minimum speed you should achieve over the BT part of the network is 15mbps. ISPs such as Plusnet, BT etc.. then layer their own "discriminatory" traffic management on top of that (ie, slow down torrents etc.).
12) Real speeds are 'unnaturally' limited by throttling. This will also vary from ISP to ISP. Sky claims to have none, and BT none except for p2p. PlusNet and John Lewis have significant (but well explained)throttling. All the more expensive operators have none.
>> What you said
13) The ip profile affects the sync rate, and therefore actual speeds. Does the ip profile effect actual speeds in any other way?
>> Not quite right. The IP profile directly affects the speeds you can achieve but the sync rate affects the IP profile. The sync rate is determined by the stability and quality of your line and what DLM thinks it can cope with.
14) Many people (including AndrueC above) report real speeds from speedtests that are consistent and not close to the ip profile. These can't be explained by congestion (that would make them inconsistent). They can't be explained by server limitations, as they are consistent accross servers and the same servers give better speeds to other people. They can't be explained by local limitations, too many people claim sudden drops where the local conditions have not changed. They should not be able to be explained by throttling, as they as seen for many ISPs who do not throttle (I don't hold with the ISP lying theory here). What other factors are there that can explain these cases?
>> AndrueC and some other Sky customers have strange symptoms where speeds are around 20mbps rather than the full sync speed. The only logical explanation is either local cabinet congestion, contention between BT and the provider's network (not enough investment by the provider) or artificial traffic management on the providers side. It is also possible that the router that the customer has attached to their line is unsuitable for the higher speeds. For example an old ethernet router may only be able to cope with 20 or 30mbps! A friend of mine has a TP-Link ethernet router running Tomato on a BT 80mbps service but the TP-Link's CPU limitation causes his service to only perform at around 68mbps; he has a replacement router on order. (Obviously wifi will significantly reduce performance).
15) If you get a stupidly low ip profile, how long can you except it to take before it climbs to something more reasonable? (eg in my particular case, my profile is currently around 15Mb, and from BT service line tests should be around 58Mb). And the classic question, is it best to power cycle the modem (1) never, (2) occasionally (how often) or (3) never if at all possible? Mine did jump from 3.5Mb to 15Mb on one power cycle. Was that just coincidence?
>> My FTTC line took about 6 to 7 days to go from 40mbps to 80mbps after a line fault. It is possible that your 3.5mbps to 15mbps increase was the "re-ppp" affecting the BRAS profile and that your sync had slowly been increasing over time.

what a waste of money sending an engineer to "fix a fault" which does not exist. Precisely.
In my original BE post to which Tom so helpfully responded, I began: It seems to me that DLM is an excellent concept with a highly flawed implementation, both technically and administratively. I think that sending out an engineer to fix an obviously flawed profile is the main example of an adminastrative flaw. I understand (I can't remember source, maybe Tom again) that they are sometimes relaxing the requirement for a visit before reset.
Maybe the DLM system is too keen on stability vs speed. This will keep complaints down from many people: most users won't notice speed too much as long as it is reasonable, but will be upset if their Skype calls and browsing are being interrupted too often.
However, it does lead to complaints from people who notice the drops after an incidence (as in your thread that has drawn lots of interest), or who only get 50 instead of 60. The main technical flaw is that DLM can so easily be confused by drops from loss of power, too much modem recycling, etc, and then takes so long to recover.

How to delete all mail in IPAD 1 and keep mail untouched in Gmail server.

How can I delete IPAD1 mail while keeping original mail at the server ? The problem is that when removing mail from my GMail account on my IPad1 the original is also removed from the Server. I want to free thousands of mails listed on my IPad Google account saturating and congesting my tablet but without deleting the original emails at the server. Sorry to repeat. But I want my problem be clearly stated.However I would like to receive a copy of the mail I get in the server, so that I can trash everyday's copies without touching my Gmail account at the server. Maybe I have been redundant, please excuse me. Cheers !!! DavidSpartacco

It has been some time since I used POP3 on my iPad, it is just not a very good way to manage email between multiple devices. There is no check mark to simply change the Gmail account from IMAP to POP on the iPad. You will have to delete the account from the iPad removing all the email already stored on it. Once you have changed the server settings at Gmail you have to re-create the account on the iPad. Now that it is POP3 you should have a setting in the iPads settings to not delete the emails from the server when deleting them from the iPad. Once the new account is created on the iPad all the email on the server will download again and have to be deleted from the iPad. You will have to reset other devices as well, although Gmail may be able to handle both settings at the same time but they may conflict.
For your use, you may simply want to just use Gmail through Safari where you will be viewing your email directly from the server through the web browser. No messages are stored on your iPad, they are all managed on the server through your web browser. There is also a Gmail app available which may also leave all the messages on the server although I have not experience with the app.
When I had an email account set to POP3 I had the iPhone and iPad set to not delete messages from the server when I deleted them from the device. I had my home computer set to remove them from the server when they were deleted from there. It does work although each device is independent, reading a message on 1 device would not mark it as read on the other device. I ended up having to administer the email on 3 different devices even though they were the same account.

I have a TC and 2 AE - which one should I wire ?

I have a TC and 2 AE and a router with my wired internet connection.
Should I wire one of the AE or the TC, does it make any difference?

I would wire the TC if it is used for backups.. wireless repeater (extend wireless in Applespeak) makes wireless double hop and reduces the speed by 1/2. Wireless should always be arranged so there is never more than a single hop.
If you are just using the TC as another WAP.. then it doesn't really matter. Just be aware every hop adds time, and congestion to the network.

IOS 8.1.3 - Battery draining very quickly

Since installing iOS 8.1.3 on my iPhone 6 the battery has started to drain very quickly with little to no use. Anybody else having the same problem

I too was having some serious battery drain on IOS 8.1.3 on my iPhone 5S. The phone kept getting warm (like I was using maps navigation) I think I just fixed it. On the hunch that it had to be something with location services I went to the following location in my phones settings: Settings->Privacy->Location Services now scroll all the way down and Click System Services. Disable Cell Network Search, Setting Time Zone, and Wifi Networking. You can also try disabling these one at a time. I really don't need these services so I disabled them all.
Your phone should now cool down and hold a charge like it did before, mine does. Here are what those settings you are disabling do:
Cell Network Search:This tracks cell tower usage and congestion, and sends the data back to Apple for analysis as to what towers are being used the most, how you move between cell towers, and which ones are overused. It does not help your phone locate a cell tower. Turning this off will not affect your phone’s performance, according to Apple.
Setting Time Zone:Your time zone will be instantly adjusted according to your geographic location. Ever notice how as soon as you turn on your phone after a long flight, it displays the local time perfectly, even before getting cell signal? It’s this setting. If you turn it off, you’ll lose that functionality.
Wi-Fi Networking:This particular setting is interesting, and requires some explanation. As you move around a city, your iPhone is constantly picking up WiFi signals. It geotags that data (“XYZ WiFi is at this GPS location”), encrypts it so that it is anonymous and unique (otherwise the data would look like all hotspots are named “linksys”), and stores it as what Apple calls “crowdsourced Wi-Fi Hotspot locations”. Next time someone walks by that exact hotspot, their iPhone will know where they are without using GPS – because you basically already “marked” the area. Shutting this setting off will stop that info from being sent to Apple. It will not affect your phone’s performance.
* The above was taken from: http://www.clear-coat.com/blog/iphone-privacy-settings/
-Joe

New infinity install or lack of it ?

Well where do I start from the beginning I suppose was with sky 4 years for phone broadband tv upgraded to fibre in jan 13 but nothing but problems due to poor speeds and congestion so managed to cancel within 3 month cooling off period so looked around for a better deal decided to for bt infinity 2 evening weekend calls £50 sainburys gift card and £20 for 3 months,which I ordered on 13 march for install on 28 march great! Until 2 days later found offer improved to £100 gift card contacted bt said cannot get the new offer unless cancel order and reorder but will put back my install date by another week so I left it as it was,
Bt home hub was delivered on the 26 two days before install great,then install day engineer booked between 8-1 pm around 8am phone goes dead off until around 11 then connected to bt but no 1571 call minder and no caller display which was ordered and confirmed by bt,gets to 12.30 no engineer phoned bt said he was behind due to weather but would call when he's on his way,waited another 2 hours still nothing phoned bt again they said engineer not coming now because the line was not connected at the time he was in the area,what? a joke they said that infinity cannot now be installed until next week due to this and that they needed to place a new order for call minder and caller display to be activated 4 April , I said this is not good enough and left me with no Internet they said that we will give you £40 credit on your bill and if you go out and buy a mobile Internet dongle until infinity is installed, what a joke! Told me to phone back Saturday to get a engineer booked once system is updated, well this was not what I was expecting from bt thought sky was bad but this is even worse think I have jumped out of the frying pan into the fire ! Well let's see if bt can deliver on speeds stated 55 down and 16 up when I finally get connected if not will be cancelling this so far terrible service !
Solved!
Go to Solution.

Hi Jaseb41,
Thanks for the post. I am sorry that you have been left without an Internet connection. Did you a get new engineers appointment confirmed? If no then I will be more than happy to get one booked ASAP.
Please drop me an email via the 'Contact Us' link in my profile. (click on my name and you will find the link under the "about me" section). Include your BT account details and the link to this thread.
Cheers
Sean
BTCare Community Manager
If we have asked you to email us with your details, please make sure you are logged in to the forum, otherwise you will not be able to see our ‘Contact Us’ link within our profiles.
We are sorry that we are unable to deal with service/account queries via the private message(PM) function so please don't PM your account info, we need to deal with this via our email account :-)

11.1.2.1 Release Delayed Again?

At the end of March, I was hearing April 10. Today I read this:
http://blog.topdownconsulting.com/2011/04/oracle-hyperion-11-1-2-1%E2%80%94now-it-looks-like-summer/
Anbody have good information on whether April 10 is real or not?

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We have selected the most popular papers published by IJCNS in the year 2010 for you. You are welcome to forward this message to your colleagues and friends in the related areas.
International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences (IJCNS)
is an international refereed journal dedicated to the latest advancement of communications and network technologies. The goal of this journal is to keep a record of the state-of-the-art research and promote the research work in these fast moving areas.
 IJCNS is published by Scientific Research Publishing which is engaged in the service of publications, organizing academic conferences and promotion of professional journals. SCIRP has an outstanding team of experts as well as the widespread third party relations, which enables our customers to obtain maximum reader impact, and the satisfaction and convenience of timely publications.
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Vol.3 No.1 (Click to view the issue)
Extending the Network Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Residual Energy Extraction—Hybrid Scheduling Algorithm
T. V. PADMAVATHY, M. CHITRA
A Maximum Likelihood TOA Based Estimator For Localization in Heterogeneous Networks
Mohamed LAARAIEDH, Stephane AVRILLON, Bernard UGUEN
Achievable Rate Regions for Orthogonally Multiplexed MIMO Broadcast Channels with Multi-Dimensional Modulation
Marthe KASSOUF, Harry LEIB
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Vol.3 No.2 (Click to view the issue)
Online Detection of Network Traffic Anomalies Using Degree Distributions
Wuzuo WANG, Weidong WU
CPW Fed Double T-Shaped Array Antenna with Suppressed Mutual Coupling
A. DANIDEH, A. A. Lotfi NEYESTANAK
A Topology-Aware Relay Lookup Scheme for P2P VoIP System
Xiuwu ZHANG, Ruifeng GUO, Weimin LEI, Wei ZHANG
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Vol.3 No.3 (Click to view the issue)
Advances in MIMO Techniques for Mobile Communications-A Survey
Farhan Khalid, Joachim Speidel
Short-Term Load Forecasting Using Soft Computing Techniques
D. K. Chaturvedi, Sinha Anand Premdayal, Ashish Chandiok
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Routing Algorithm with Comparative Study of Earlier Proposed Algorithms
Kumar Verma Pawan, Gupta Tarun, Rakesh Nitin, Nitin Nitin
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Envelope Correlation Parameter Measurements in a MIMO Antenna Array Configuration
Constantinos Votis, George Tatsis, Panos Kostarakis
MIMO Multi Carrier Interleave Division Multiple Access System with Multiuser Detection: Performance Results
Prabagarane Nagaradjane, Sai N. Chandrasekaran, Kuttathatti Srinivasan Vishvaksenan
Comparative Study of Different Space-Time Coding Schemes for MC-CDMA Systems
Lokesh Kumar Bansal, Aditya Trivedi
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Vol.3 No.5 (Click to view the issue)
Measurements of Balun and Gap Effects in a Dipole Antenna
Constantinos Votis, Vasilis Christofilakis, Panos Kostarakis
Microstrip Low-Pass Elliptic Filter Design Based on Implicit Space Mapping Optimization
Saeed Tavakoli, Mahdieh Zeinadini, Shahram Mohanna
Interoperability of Wireless Networks with 4G Based on Layer Modification
Dilshad Mahjabeen, Aminul Haque Mohammed Sayem, Anis Ahmed, Shahida Rafique
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Vol.3 No.6 (Click to view the issue)
A Multi-objective QoS Optimization with Fuzzy Based Parameter Setting for Real-Time Multicasting
Satyananda Champati Rai, Bijan Bihari Misra, Ajit Kumar Nayak, Rajib Mall, Sateesh Kumar Pradhan
Flocking Control of a Group of Agents Using a Fuzzy-Logic-Based Attractive/Repulsive Function
Hui Yu, Jigui Jian, Yanjun Shen
An Empirical Examination of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Kuncha Sahadevaiah, Oruganti Bala Venkata Ramanaiah
</div>
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Vol.3 No.7 (Click to view the issue)
Using Bayesian Game Model for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Hua Wei, Hao Sun
Design of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Fed by Dielectric Image Line with a Finite Ground Plane
Fatemeh Kazemi, Mohammad Hassan Neshati, Farahnaz Mohanna
Modeling and Analysis of Bandwidth Allocation in IEEE 802.16 MAC: A Stochastic Reward Net Approach
Shanmugam Geetha, Raman Jayaparvathy
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Vol.3 No.8 (Click to view the issue)
A Sensor Awakening Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Three Dimensional Target Tracking
Jing Zhao, Jianchao Zeng
Reliable Wireless Communication for Medical Devices Using Turbo Convolution Code
Debasish Bera, Tapas Chakravarty, Saswat Chakrabarti
Potential Vulnerability of Encrypted Messages: Decomposability of Discrete Logarithm Problems
Boris S. Verkhovsky
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Vol.3 No.9 (Click to view the issue)
An Efficient Noisy-ICA Based Approach to Multiuser Detection in IDMA Systems
Abdelkrim Hamza, Salim Chitroub, Gérard Salut
Modulation Index Estimation of Frequency and Phase Modulated Signals
Geng Peng, Derong Cai, Zhiqiang He, Zhitao Huang
A New Effective and Efficient Measure of PAPR in OFDM
Ibrahim M. Hussain, Imran A. Tasadduq, Abdul Rahim Ahmad
</div>
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Vol.3 No.10 (Click to view the issue)
Performance Improvement of Wireless Communications Using Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Yang Liu
A Comparative Analysis of Tools for Verification of Security Protocols
Nitish Dalal, Jenny Shah, Khushboo Hisaria, Devesh Jinwala
A Turbo Decoder Included in a Multi-User Detector: A Solution to be Retained
Sylvie Kerouédan, Makram Touzri, Patrick Adde, Samir Saoudi
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Vol.3 No.11 (Click to view the issue)
Service Networks Topological Design
Boris S. Verkhovsky
A Routing Strategy with Link Disruption Tolerance for Multilayered Satellite Networks
Gang Zheng, Yanxin Guo
Extraction of Buried Signals in Noise: Correlated Processes
Nourédine Yahya Bey
</div>
<div>
Vol.3 No.12 (Click to view the issue)
Enhanced Euclid Algorithm for Modular Multiplicative Inverse and Its Application in Cryptographic Protocols
Boris S. Verkhovsky
Extraction of Signals Buried in Noise: Non-Ergodic Processes
Nourédine Yahya Bey
A Synchronous and Deterministic MAC Protocol for Wireless Communications on Linear Topologies
Daniele De Caneva, Pier Luca Montessoro
</div>
The journal publishes the highest quality, original papers included but not limited to the fields:
<tr>
 <td style="vertical-align:top">
 <ul style="list-style:disc;margin-left:18px; margin-top:2px; padding:0;">
 <li>Ad Hoc and Mesh Networks</li>
 <li>Coding, Detection and Modulation</li>
 <li>Cognitive Radio</li>
 <li>Communication Networks Architecture Design</li>
 <li>Cooperative Communications</li>
 <li>Embedded Distributed Systems</li>
 <li>Global Networks</li>
 <li>Heterogeneous Networking</li>
 <li>MIMO and OFDM Technologies</li>
 <li>Network Protocol, QoS and Congestion Control</li>
 <li>Network Reliability, Security and Privacy</li>
 <li>Network Survivability</li>
 <li>Next Generation Network Architectures</li>
 <li>Reconfigurable Networks</li>
 <li>Resource Management</li>
 <li>Satellite Communication</li>
 <li>Sensor Networks</li>
 <li>Simulation and Optimization Tools</li>
 <li>UWB Technologies</li>
 <li>Wave Propagation and Antenna Design</li>
 <li>Wireless Personal Communications</li>
 </ul>
 </td>
</tr>
We are also interested in short papers (letters) that clearly address a specific problem, and short survey or position papers that sketch the results or problems on a specific topic. Authors of selected short papers would be invited to write a regular paper on the same topic for future issues of the IJCNS.
You are welcome to submit your manuscripts!
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Edited by: 850791 on 2011-4-11 下午8:56

HT201250 What does it mean to "partition" an external hard drive? Is it something that I want to do?

What does it mean to "partition" the external hard drive? Is it something I want to do? How do I save files from another hard drive to the new one? I have to reformat the old one as it was not set up correctly. The drive I have is Seagate but not specifically for MAC, so I have to format it.. never have done this before. Don't know the jargon. I read that Time Machine will back up automatically but I want to take files from the old drive to the new one. Do I have to take them to the computer first and then to the new drive? I need more memory on my computer. It's way too cluttered and congested. HELP!

Whoa! Slow donw. TRhere's a lot here. I would suggest you buy a good book on computers in general or macs in particular, one is "OSX the missing manual".
What does it mean to "partition" the external hard drive?
It means you take one large drive and make it into more than one volume. This means that it might show up as 2,3 or 4 inde[pendenmt drives. Each one could have, for example, a different operating system on it. Its a good thing to do if you want to use a drive for several purposes
Is it something I want to do?
beats me, you didnt way what you're trying to accomplish. Sorta like sking "should i turn left?" Depends on where you want to go.
How do I save files from another hard drive to the new one?
See advice n book above. Copy them in finder. Copy them in unix. Use a backup or sync utility. No different from Windows in that respect.
I have to reformat the old one as it was not set up correctly. The drive I have is Seagate but not specifically for MAC, so I have to format it.. never have done this before. Don't know the jargon.
Hook it up. Run disk utility. Partition 1 or more partions. GUID map. Format each partition Mac OS extended, Journaled. for more, read book, above. Seriously - we could give you more tips, but you really should learn enough to be comnfident.
I read that Time Machine will back up automatically but I want to take files from the old drive to the new one. Do I have to take them to the computer first and then to the new drive?
I have no idea what you are asking.
I need more memory on my computer. It's way too cluttered and congested. HELP!
What kind of memory and why? RTAM? Hard drive space? Explain. By the time you are done explaining, i suspect you will have ansered your own question.
Good luck,
Have you read the PDF manual for your cmputer?
Have you used a search engine to look for info, for example, in two seconds i got this from google and wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning
Grant

2100 wireless LAN controller intermittant DHCP issue does not respond to clients

Hi everyone,
I have been struggling with a difficult problem for some time now:
The cisco 2100 wlan controller I have is configured with a dhcp scope in the same ip address range as its WLAN. The configuration works and on a good day I have up to 200 clients connecting with out issue. In the web interface they display as associated and authenticated
On a bad day I find I will begin seeing about 50-80% of all new devices that attempt to join the WLAN show up as associated but not authenticated. These clients end up self assigning themselves a 169.254.0.0/16 (APIPA) address
When my controller / WLAN enters into this state: if clients leave the WLAN they typically fail to get back on and successfully authenticate. By the end of a day around 80-90% of all devices are essentially without Internet access due to this issue.
Rebooting the controller and or APs typically makes no difference or makes things worse – although sometimes it appears to resolve the issue. The same holds for disabling the entire wlan for about 10 minutes and then re enabling it.
Im using 1130 cisco aironet APs with the controller. I have checked extensively for interference and congestion – I think I have congestion – some APs typically host 40 to 90 devices. However as mentioned on a good day the wlan will host 200 devices all day without any issue and some APs will host 50 to 70 devices without major issue.
I can provide more specifics if anyone should need – eg firmware, IP addresses, exact model numbers etc.
Please let me know if anyone has seen something like this before ?
I believe the 2100 is rated to handle up to 350 devices and its recommended not to load a 1130 AP with more than 25 devices ??
Regards
Matthew

Hi Amijad, Hi George:
Thank you both for your time in considering my situation.
I will think about implementing an independant DHCP server; im really wondering if the equipment is just overloaded
- What software versoin the WLC uses?
Product Version.................................. 6.0.199.4
RTOS Version..................................... 6.0.199.4
Bootloader Version............................... 4.0.191.0
Emergency Image Version.......................... 6.0.199.4
PID: AIR-WLC2106-K9, VID: V05
- What ports of the WLC are connected to the neighbor swtich? one or more?
2 ports connect to the neighbor switch on separate vlans
- port 1 is vlan 0 and hosts the management and ap-management IPs for the wlan controller
- port 2 is vlan 1 and hosts the wlan
- the controller has one dhcp scope defined on port 2 for the WLAN
- What is the security of your WLAN?
WPA+WPA2
AES
PSK
- Do you have "DHCP required" enabled on the WLAN?
yes DHCP required is enabled in the WLAN
please let me know if you have any additional advice.
regards
Matthew

Why can't Apple make 'publish changes only' for non .mac users?

The recent iWeb update to 1.1 and the now increasingly obvious differential between .mac and non .mac features has prompted me to post here today.
I can understand comments, passwords and search facilities being a .mac only experience because it requires server side technology. I can also understand that .mac users get enhanced features like slideshows as well.
But why is the fundamentally *basic* option to 'publish the changes only' not available to non .mac users?
I know uploading to .mac uses a different protocol to uploading via FTP, but I don't think it is about that. Obviously the software engine in iWeb 1.1 can now track the pages that have changed, and flag those for uploading. So if the facility to do this is not available with non .mac uploading, is this some form of crippleware? Can any software engineers comment on this or am I talking off the top of my head? [And please mods, don't delete this post - I use the word 'crippleware' in its harshest form, clearly I can still use iWeb to make fantastic websites - I am asking a technical question here.]
Michael
A Trusty Quicksilver G4 Dual 1GHz

OK, from reading this thread:
http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=486335&tstart=0
There is a pattern: An error occurred while publishing file “/blah/blah", while file "/blah/blah" seems to be random from one person to the next, but they all share one thing and that is communication protocol.
For iWeb to be able to publish changes to .Mac, it has to:
1. identify if the file exists
2. do the following:
2a. if not exists, copy it to .Mac
2b. if exist, do some sort comparison - CRC checksum -
2b1. if checksums match, don't copy
2b2. if checksums don't match copy it to .Mac
At least I think that's what going on, I don't have .Mac so that is best I can think of. Perhaps, some Apple SW engineers can jump in here.
Now, the bad part is iWeb has to (and I'm assuming iWeb uses WebDAV):
1. go thru each file locally
2. crawl its way into .Mac (WebDAV is a slow protocol) to find the the counter part.
3. when it finds a file that matches a client side file, it has to (some how) do checksum on-the-fly across the net work (which is slow and congested)
#3 is I think where it failed, there are many factors here: 1) networks congestion 2) latency 3) protocol overhead 4) checksum calculation time etc...
iWeb eventually times out because any/all of the above.
It's nice that WebDAV can author to the host yada, yada, but it's so SLOOOOOW.
What I would do is for every publishing, I would build a files and their checksums keep it on the host (or local, must be hidden).
For subsequence publishing, I would (use a fast protocol like FTP) download this pre-built files/checksums list. Locally, do a full publishing, making checksum comparison, the result is delta changes; upload only those. Build a new files/checksums list upload that too.
What I mean to say is offload everything that is possible to local machine, bandwidth is PREMIUM!

Customer packet drops issue

Hi,
Our customer took 30Mbps metro link from us. Even at 17Mbps link utilization they are facing packet drops. Our side policer is implemented for 30Mbps. There are no errors on customer or our interfaces. But I can see exceed packets under 'show policy-map interface' . Used maximum Bc. Does customer required to implement shaping his end with same CIR and Bc.
Regards
Siva K

Hi Siva,
It is not a mandatory rule that Customer should also have the same CIR configured with shaping.
When Customer have 30 Mbps circuit SLA with Service Provider, he may be able to pump ta line rate from CE side. But on PE side, it will be policied and excess traffic will be dropped.
To avoid Customer's traffic getting dropped at PE, It is advisible to configure shaping at CE side so that the traffic SLA will be maintained without or with less number of packet loss.
Can you post your config and show policy-map interface output with traffic?.
Regards,
Nagendra

Best wireless deployment at Remote Sites - designe

Dears,
I have many remote sites with Hub and Spoke topology, and I have Cisco wireless controller 5508 on our HQ serve the wireless network at HQ (approximate 25 Aps)
The business need to deploy the wireless on RSs for public customer (not for employees).
I have concerns about security if we going to terminate the SSID - for public- at Remote sites toward HQ over WAN connections (viruses, malware, sniffing … etc.) to control it using our Cisco wlc even if I terminate the vlan represented this SSID toward our firewall (on dedicated DMZ), and congestion will happen since this SSID will be used by the public (Non-employees persons).
Please your kind suggestion.
Thanks in advance

Hi,
For you scenario.
Below deployment will work
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless/flex-7500-series-wireless-controllers/113605-ewa-flex-guide-00.html

Ridiculous Connection Speeds

Hi All,
Following issues with line noise which have gone since removing the front plate from my OpenReach master socket and plugging directly in there, I now have an issue with really poor latency and speeds. I don't want to have to restart the HH3 as it's been up for over 3 days now (a record) which is strange as the HH3 shows uptime of 2days 4hrs - last IP change was 26/4 15:33.
Speedtest
IP Profile = 2Mb
Download Speed = 0.3Mb
Upload Speed = 0.12Mb
Latency = 432ms
ADSL Stats
Connection Information
Line state: Connected
Connection time: 2 days, 03:55:18
Downstream: 2.212 Mbps
Upstream: 1.094 Mbps
ADSL Settings
VPI/VCI: 0/38
Type: PPPoA
Modulation: G.992.5 Annex A
Latency type: Interleaved
Noise margin (Down/Up): 28.1 dB / 6.7 dB
Line attenuation (Down/Up): 31.1 dB / 18.3 dB
Output power (Down/Up): 17.9 dBm / 12.7 dBm
FEC Events (Down/Up): 0 / 0
CRC Events (Down/Up): 24 / 1268
Loss of Framing (Local/Remote): 0 / 0
Loss of Signal (Local/Remote): 0 / 0
Loss of Power (Local/Remote): 0 / 0
HEC Events (Down/Up): 4 / 7450
Error Seconds (Local/Remote): 63 / 22872
Do the line stats make any sense? Could this be a HH3 issue? Am I just expecting too much?
Can anybody point me in a direction that will help me solve this as this has been a rather black comedy since the install on 4/4 - especially as I have to pay for this.
Cheers,
Ian

Hi klinkenhoff,
Your IP Profile would be about 2mbps as it's 88.2% of your current connection speed which was 2.212 Mbps from your last set of adsl stats.
Your throughput speed is the speed you experience when using the Internet and is also the speed which speed test websites use.
Your throughput speed will be slightly slower than your IP Profile and can be effected by how you connect to your router/home hub such as Wifi or Ethernet and also network traffic and congestion.
So:
1) Your connection speed is the speed which your homehub/router and the local exchange is connected at.
2) Your IP Profile is a speed limit applied to your broadband service by the local exchange. Its purpose is to ensure the exchange doesn't 'overload' your broadband service by sending more data down your phone line than it (or your BT Home Hub, router or modem) can physically handle.
As your on ADSL2+ your IP Profile will always be 88.2% of your connection speed.
3) Your throughput speed is the speed you experience when using the Internet and is also the speed which speed test websites show, it can be effected by how you connect to your router/home hub such as Wifi or Ethernet and also network traffic and congestion
Hope that makes sense.
Cheers
I'm no expert, so please correct me if I'm wrong

Cost of Production Order

Hi experts
Can u please tell me at what value will the material gets produced (mvt type 101) from production order.
i have a CIR and then i have done MRP run and then i have converted planned order to production order and then i have confirmed the activites and hence my material is created.
can u please tell me the value of the material will be from the costing of the CIR or it will be just according to the price control and price value in material master??////
Please not that the production order is CIR specific.

Dear Atul,
If that be the case, it should be MTO and variant configured. Each sales order shall get seperate cost estimate. This cost estimate shall not be updated into the Master Master and the GR happens on the basis of this Cost estimate.
Trust this helps much!
Cheers,
Ashok SINGH

CIR and congestion

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