Clean reinstall aftermath

My internet apps have slowed way down, and other apps are slow to open. I'd like to do a clean reinstall; but due to a flood in my basement, I've lost most of my original software discs. I have a complete disc image backed up, but I don't want to use it, because I'll just reinstall the same problems. I also have the complete hard drive backed up separately, one-to-one. I'm wondering if I'll have problems if I just drag the apps from the external back-up drive into my new Applications folder.
Are there any special steps or precautions I need to take?
I'm also wondering whether, if I drag the contents of my old Library folder into the new Library folder, I'll basically be able to just pick up where I left off; or if I'm also likely to drag the old problems back in as well; and if I'll be able to drag the contents of my Microsoft User Data folder in to the new system without incident.
Thanks in advance for your help.
Eric

Hi Eric!
"...120GB hard drive with only about 11 GB of free space."
You are dangerously close to crossing the safe threshold!
Insufficient available space, can cause performance issues, system corruption, and possible loss of data.
Depending on Mac system usage habits, it is a general recommendation, to keep 10% to as much as 20%, of the Total capacity, available at all times.
Review the suggestions, in the documents that I have linked to below.
Authored by Dr Smoke:
Problems From Insufficient RAM And Free Hard Disk Space
Freeing Space On Your Mac OS X Startup Disk
Have you ever run any routine Maintenance procedures, as suggested in the articles linked to below?
Mac OS X 10.3/10.4: System Maintenance, authored by Gulliver
Maintaining Mac OS X, authored by Dr Smoke
Is the Mac shutdown overnight, or does it run 24/7?
If you turn the Mac off nightly, the Background Maintenance Tasks, are never run.
These can also be run, using a Third-Party utility, or manually using Terminal, to run the CRON Commands.
I use MacJanitor, when necessary.
AppleJack probably has the same functions.
INSTRUCTIONS TO RUN CRON MANUAL COMMANDS
Quit all applications/programs.
Navigate to HD > Applications > Utilities.
Double click on Terminal, to open.
At the prompt, type:
sudo periodic daily
Press Return.
Enter your Admin password when prompted, then press Return.
This will execute the daily script that is sheduled to run every night.
When completed, repeat this procedure, but change the command to:
sudo periodic weekly
This one rebuilds a database or two, and usually takes somewhat longer to complete. It is scheduled to run once a week.
Repeat again, with command:
sudo periodic monthly
Or they can all be run in one pass, which is preferable, with this command:
sudo periodic daily weekly monthly
When the tasks complete, and return to the prompt, you may quit Terminal.
Restart the Mac, and run Repair Permissions.
TO REPAIR PERMISSIONS ON THE STARTUP DISK
1.Open Disk Utility, located in Applications/Utilities, and select the startup disk in the left column.
2.Click First Aid.
3.Click Verify Disk Permissions to test permissions or Repair Disk Permissions to test and repair permissions. (I never "Verify". Just run "Repair".)
Rerun RP, until the only messages reported, are listed here Spurious Permissions Errors Using: 10.4.x, authored by Michael Conniff.
When "Repair Permissions" is complete. Quit "Disk Utility".
ali b

Similar Messages

Problem with multiple same emails - thinking of clean reinstall

Hi. My OS is windows vista home edition and I am using Thunderbird version 31.0. My email provider is MSN.
When thunderbird checks mail, Instead of receiving one copy of an email, I am sometimes getting two and even three copies of the same email. They all have the same date and time. I have tried some suggestions including deleting .msf and popstate.dat files and also making sure that the server is not set to keep emails there. This fixes things for a day and then I am back to getting multiple emails. It's annoying.
I am thinking about doing a clean reinstall of TB. I have the mozbackup utiility and I am going to back up emails and contacts. As far as uninstalling thunderbird completely goes, is there an instruction page for that? Does anyone think this will help?
Thanks!

A note for the future....
Files:- Are rebuilt by right clicking a folder, selecting properties and then repair. It is easier that digging into the file system. The other "index" you refered to with no extension is not an index, it is the actual mail. Inadvertently deleting local copies of mail not on the server can be something of a disaster. Right clicking the folder and selecting compact will clear corruption there. But it may well get rid of corrupt mail as the MSF files are what is used to display lists in Thunderbird.
This add-on make managing duplicate messages much easier. https://nic-nac-project.org/~kaosmos/index-en.html#recDelMsg

Time Machine backup from clean reinstall of mountain lion

I have a few niggles before and after installing mountain lion. Previously using snow leopard.
I want to do a clean reinstall of mountain lion and then use time machine to restore files and folders.
I dont want to do a full restore of time machine as i dont want to restore my niggles.
When I currently go into Time machine the restore button is alwats greyed out.
I am therefore not confident of being able to restore files selectively after clean reinstall.
I must admit I dont fully understand how time machine works after reading various tips and instructions.
Can anyone help or steer me in the right direction please.
Niggles include:-
Cant run Kaspersky or Sophos
Shutdown and restart problems
Small Desktop screen in front of blue screen after leaving idle for a while
Thanks

macfan110 wrote:
When I currently go into Time machine the restore button is alwats greyed out.
That button should be enabled once you navigate to a backup and select something.
But it's not going to work that way once you erase the internal HD. That's because the erased drive is treated as being a different one. Since the "old" drive isn't connected, you can't restore things to the place they were saved from, via the Restore button.
But you should be able to select what you want, right-click it, and choose the Restore <item> to ... option, to get a prompt to select the "new" drive.
Also, if you don't use either Setup Assistant or Migration Assistant to put your stuff back, Time Machine will do a full backup of the "new" drive. You may be able to prevent that, by telling it to "associate" the "new" drive with the old backups, per #B6 in Time Machine - Troubleshooting

Clean Reinstall/Must restore from original disks or can I use 10.4

Have pored thru the forums looking for my specific questions but haven't found them - so please bear with more clean reinstall questions ---
1) Yes - I have to do a clean reinstall - much other discussion on other forums has said this is what needs to happen for my particular sick Mac situation - so I already know this....
2) Have already used carbon copy cloner to back up entire hard drive, files et al to an external hard drive...
3) Have iMac G4 - came with OS 10.2.3 - I do not need OS 9 anymore - haven't used it for 2 years, I have the newest Tiger disks and just got iLife 2006 - can I just use those to put my system back on? Or do I need to start from my original iMac Software Install and Restore DVD - and then add on the next versions from their disks till I get to Tiger? (I have all of them - Panther, Puma, Bobcat, Lynx - you name it... Steve Jobs is getting his money's worth out of me)....
4) Someone told me I should erase my hard drive completely with disk utility first - and then do the clean install on a totally virgin hard drive - is this true? I want to do the absolute premium, totally best thing....
5) Should I write down all the info in "About This Computer" first - like serial number etc - does the above option erase all of that?
6) When I do a clean reinstall - should I name my computer and put in my user name and password etc exactly the way it was?
Thanks so much - I really have searched these forums and couldn't find the above -
madmags
iMac superdrive Mac OS X (10.4.4) Lacie external HD 150 GB

1) Yes - I have to do a clean reinstall - much other discussion on other forums has said this is what needs to happen for my particular sick Mac situation - so I already know this....
First off, there is no such thing as a "clean" reinstall. Maybe an erase and install as the rest of your post suggests:
http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?messageID=607614
Secondly, a sick machine rarely needs an erase and install. I use it only to discover right away if there is a hardware issue with the computer as opposed to software.
2) Have already used carbon copy cloner to back up entire hard drive, files et al to an external hard drive...
Have you tested to make sure the clone is bootable?
3) Have iMac G4 - came with OS 10.2.3 - I do not need OS 9 anymore - haven't used it for 2 years, I have the newest Tiger disks and just got iLife 2006 - can I just use those to put my system back on? Or do I need to start from my original iMac Software Install and Restore DVD - and then add on the next versions from their disks till I get to Tiger? (I have all of them - Panther, Puma, Bobcat, Lynx - you name it... Steve Jobs is getting his money's worth out of me)....
You can use the Tiger disks, though I would troubleshoot your problem first before even attempting to install Tiger.
4) Someone told me I should erase my hard drive completely with disk utility first - and then do the clean install on a totally virgin hard drive - is this true? I want to do the absolute premium, totally best thing....
Not necessarily. Once your 10.2 system is healthy, frequently all that is necessary is an Archive and Install:
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=301270
I've seen some cases where this doesn't work, while others where it does. So the first thing is to make sure your system is healthy, then back it up, and then upgrade.
5) Should I write down all the info in "About This Computer" first - like serial number etc - does the above option erase all of that?
The only serial numbers you need are for third party applications, and any Apple pro applications. The operating system has no serial number. This would be in case, you can't restore from your clone when you are finished, and Archive and Install doesn't work.
6) When I do a clean reinstall - should I name my computer and put in my user name and password etc exactly the way it was?
We'll cross that road once we get there. I'd rather make sure you aren't just installing an unhealthy system on an unhealthy system.
Tell me more about your sick system, and maybe we can solve the issue so all that you need to do is make sure your backup is bootable and an Archive and Install.

I updated to FF 7.0.1 and now neither FF nor the profile manager will open, not even in safe mode. Did reinstall, then clean reinstall, still no help.

FF automatically updated to v7. Since then, it won't open. I've tried opening it with the taskmanager open, and firefox.exe appears under processes for maybe 2 seconds, then disappears. I did a reinstall, then a clean reinstall (after copying my profiles folder to a flash drive). Still no luck. Won't open in safe mode, won't open Profiles Manager. I tried to use my son's FF under his login, and it updated and also refuses to work. This is Windows XP.

Thanks for this mha007 - I can now open FF with a new profile. Can I copy my settings from the old profile or will this bring over the same problem, maybe a corrupt file. If it would bring the same problem, is there any way I can check which file is corrupt, apart from taking them over one by one?

Need to do a clean reinstall, but need to keep applications and documents

I know that to do a clean reinstall of 10.6 you must first erase the hard drive using Disk Utility. I want the reinstall to be clear of all old settings, except that I need to carry over my applications and documents. Could I use Migration Assistant to backup just the applications and documents to an external hard disk, reinstall the OS, and then use Migration Assistant again to restore my applications and documents from the external drive? I've never used Migration Assistant.

Why can't you just delete the current settings?
But if you really want to erase everything and reload 99.9% of it, use +Setup Assistant+ after you install OSX on the empty volume. By default, it will transfer your network settings, but you can omit them. See [Setting up a new Mac from an old one or its backups|http://web.me.com/pondini/AppleTips/Setup.html] (or use the link in *User Tips* at the top of the +Snow Leopard > Installation and Setup+ forum).

Retaining playlists after clean reinstall of OS (all info on external HD)?

Okay, this happens to me every single time I have to do this:
I run my iTunes entirely off of an external hard drive - so everything it there including the iTunesLibrary.xml files (I also have the entire hard drive backed up on a completely separate external drive due to past complications like this). SO - I had to do a clean reinstall of the Snow Leopard OS because my Mac is old and probably on its last legs (which is a question for a whole different support area) and now I want to run iTunes while maintaining the playlists and playcounts and all that other stuff that I had before - while also retaining all of my apps and movies and downloads, etc.
I've done this before and each time I have had to call for support and it takes hours, literally hours, to get it fixed - and sadly, I have no recollection of what we did previously. I have tried following the advice from other support questions on this forum, but something is amiss and not working properly. I have tried to redirect iTunes to the External HD through the advanced pane from the Preferences menus.....I have opened iTunes while holding "option" and choosing the External HD and it starts to reload ALL of my music and does not reload the playlists AND it is moving the folders all over the place and it looks like it's creating duplicate files as well.
Seriously, this is getting aggravating. When I first moved my files to an external I had to do this and lost all of my playlist info. Then I had to move to a larger external and lost all of my playlist info. I had issues with that external and had to move it all again, and this time, after calling for support, I saved my playlist info, but ended up with lost songs and duplicates of almost 5000 songs. I'm afraid that after messing around with the HD I have plugged in now trying to reload everything that it is screwed up and will mess up and create even more duplicates so I may have to use my back-up HD.
If that's the case, please will someone help me figure out how to do this? All I want is to open iTunes using my External HD (as I always do) while maintaining my playlists and playcounts and everything that I had prior to my reload of the OS.......please?!?!

SO - I had to do a clean reinstall of the Snow Leopard OS
Not really.
Snow Leopard can be reinstalled over the exisitng system without losing any user data.
now I want to run iTunes while maintaining the playlists and playcounts and all that other stuff that I had before - while also retaining all of my apps and movies and downloads, etc.
Hold Option, launch iTunes, select Choose library... and select the iTunes folder on the external
That is all you need to do.
Make sure the exterrnal is powered on, mounted on the desktop and ready before launching iTunes.
I have opened iTunes while holding "option" and choosing the External HD and it starts to reload ALL of my music and does not reload the playlists AND it is moving the folders all over the place and it looks like it's creating duplicate files as well.
Nothing should get "reloaded" as it is simply the same iTunes library as before. Simply opening a library doesn't load anything new.

What's the closest thing to a clean reinstall of OS X

I was thinking... if I want to "reset" OS X Mavericks, how can I do this without actually doing a clean reinstall (i.e. by erasing the disk and then installing a fresh copy)? I'm interested separately in:
1. Resetting all the app preferences and "traces of use", so that they look and behave exactly as when downloaded from the App Store (or after a fresh install, if they're "built in" OS X, like Preview, Mail etc.) and
2. Resetting all the system preferences to a "straight out of the box" form.
Thanks.

Any new account takes on all default settings. So all desktop and system settings will be "out of box" configuration. Any apps will also behave in a default manner since (example) TextEdit has never been launched under that account. So it doesn't matter how you had it configured under your normal account. The new account will use TextEdit's defaults. Apps themselves will remain on the drive. The only reason a given app wouldn't is if, for whatever reason, you installed something into your user account.
Any third party fonts will disappear with the old account since by default, they get copied to the Fonts folder in your user account when installed through Font Book. All other fonts installed by OS X will remain where they are.
There are a handful of system settings which are not saved in the user account, but they're minor. Cache files are mostly stored in the each user account, so those will disappear with the deletion of the previous admin account.
There are utilities to also clear out leftover system cache files, but it isn't really necessary to do that.
Important! Make sure the new account is created as Administrator. It is possible to delete an admin account while logged into a standard account as long as you know the admin login name and password. That would leave only a standard account on the Mac. It would be impossible then to install any software or allow changes requiring an admin password, and you can't create an admin account from a standard user account when there is no other admin account to enter the password of.

Preparing for clean reinstall

I want to backup data and download OS to have a fresh system.
I'm aware that I need to back up docs, etc, but wondering if there are system things I must attend to. (Or to which I must attend if you are one of thos snoonty Englsh majors) Ha.
Thanks for your kind attention.

Very kind of you to offer.
I've been running Disk Utility, Permissions and repair, and find strange stuff. Incorrect printing info for instance when I have not changed or used other printers in years. And, all kinds of problems with languge permissions and I never use anyting but US English. (I deleted all the other languge options). Things would get VERY slow, at all programs, and only by running Disk Utilty could I correct it....and then only brielfly sometimes. Some programs would not stop an I had to force close them. I deleted all the APPS I downloaded but never used and then deleted all instances of the files from the library. (as far as I know) That seemed to help. I had been using Firefox and switched to Safari (don't know if that helped or not)
Whatever....I'm now back to about normal speed and not many strange things going on. Yet.
That's a brief overview. It just seems that a "clean reinstall" would be a good solution. But, I see your "background" here and note you are a long time user who seems to have stellar reputation and I'd gladly (and thankfuly) be happy to hear whatever you have to offer rather than the clean reinstall I'm considering.
Thanks so much for your kind attention,
Wonky

OSX 10.6.8 Safari: Flash not working, did clean reinstall & but still not working

OSX 10.6.8 Safari: Flash stopped working (couldn't access Spotify or videos), did clean reinstall & installed newest Flash Player, but still not working and still getting messages to "get flash"

Right click or Ctrl+Click
and it's right there
IF (BIG if...)
You're using the FULL installer and NOT the "stub installer".
Flash Player 12.0.0.44 (MAc OS X)

Clean Reinstall

I'm preparing to clean-up my computer by doing a complete reinstall. My backup process involves a complete back-up of the Home directory. As per Apple's FAQ, I will restore the Home directory backup after reinstalling OSX plus applications.
Will files in my Home directory negate the benefits of doing a clean reinstall? (ie could application files from old deleted apps run in system memory as a result of putting back my old Home directory into a freshly installed system?)

If it does mess things up, the common problem will most likely be in the User/Library/Preference folder. Trash those, and then bring over the Home folder.
Personally, I think I would clone to an external drive, put a new instal on your machine, and then use Migration Assistant to bring over the files. This way, all apps and permissions will follow.

Clean Reinstall then Quad won't complete its Boot-Up

First I had problems with the Mac not recognising my Sony Video Camera.
I'm familiar with the Quicktime 7 issue, so I did all the QuickTime receipts/QT Fresh Install stuff. Still recognition of the camera was erratic and then seemed to be getting worse.
Next, my new (Feb 28 2006) G-Tech G-Raid 1tb went off the road - erratic recognition and VERY slow (if any) folder navigation - then ceased altogether.
Worse, the Quad suddenly started hanging and throwing up text:
(These are some of the more interesting bits).
System Failure: CPU=1
Code: 015B0930
Unknown Failure Code
Latest Crash Info for CPU1
Exception State SV-0x000000000 (I think).
Backtrace terminated - unaligned frame address: 0X48041EE9
Memory access Exception (1,0,0)
Waiting for remote (something) debugger connection.
(Fans were at full tilt).
Well, I did two hardware tests (at over 4 hours apiece) and nothing showed, so I erased and reinstalled.
I couldn't get the DVD drawer open, so I firewired to my G5 Dual and targetted the Quad.
This made seemed to help but the Quad still wasn't stable, so I did a fresh reinstall again by using the OS X Install Disk.
I ditched all but the basic install option.
Now the Quad won't finish Booting Up.
It gets to the end of the progress monitor (candy bar) thingy and then just hangs.
It'll boot from my LaCie 500 GB HD though - and seems to run OK from that.
What are my chances?
Andy
G5 Quad. 8 GB. 250 & 500 GB Int'l Drives. G-Tech G-Raid 1 TB. FCP 5.0.4 (Studio) Mac OS X (10.4.6) Sony HVR-Z1E. (Please forgive me if I misread your question).
I should add that after the first reinstall of OS X, I updated to 10.4.6 but after the second I didn't update.
ALSO (if it makes a difference) on both occasions, I reinstated my old library files.
I've done sporadic zapping of PRAMS and repairing of permissions along the way too.
I guess I'll do another clean reinstall without reinstating my library files - but without all those settings, I may well lose the will to live.
Message was edited by: andynick

your welcome,
If you keep a clone of your pristine boot drive on a external drive, kept disconnected and in a safe place. Then if something like this happens you can disconnect the boot drive and option boot from the clone to isolate if it's a hardware or software problem right off.
Then you have the option with the clone to repair/recover or simply erase the original and reverse clone if it is indeed a screwed up boot drive.
(actually it's best to have two clones, each staggered a bit in time/updates just in case you hook up a clone to a infected machine and it too gets owned)
Cloning can only take minutes, and you can out to lunch while the clone is going on. Sure beats trying to find out what's exactly the problem.
Visit the free Carbon Copy Cloner forums for details. Search Apple for DejaVu which is a System Preference pane which combines auto-cloning and auto-backup. Clone once a week and backup daily for instance.
Always Erase w/Zero option all new drives, it checks every bit on the drive and maps off those bad sectors which is a cause of a lot of unusual behaviors.
(no comp as usual)

Suddenly won't load. did clean reinstall. shows in processes not in applications.

tried it in safe mode. removed it in safe mode. reinstalled it. even removed the folder as some help suggested. still it seems to load but nothing comes up. I can find it in processes but it never shows up in applications. was unsuccessful at a restore and then saw a 'xpcom' note. Don't understand. no updates or changes in config. just stopped working.

Do a clean reinstall and delete the Firefox program folder before (re)installing a fresh copy of the current Firefox release.
Download a fresh Firefox copy and save the file to the desktop.
*Firefox 26: http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/all.html
if possible uninstall your current Firefox version to cleanup the Windows registry and settings in security software.
*Do NOT remove personal data when you uninstall your current Firefox version, because all profile folders will be removed and you lose personal data like bookmarks and passwords from profiles of other Firefox versions.
Remove the Firefox program folder before installing that newly downloaded copy of the Firefox installer.
*(32 bit Windows) "C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\"
*(64 bit Windows) "C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\"
*It is important to delete the Firefox program folder to remove all the files and make sure that there are no problems with files that were leftover after uninstalling.
*http://kb.mozillazine.org/Uninstalling_Firefox
Your bookmarks and other personal data are stored in the Firefox profile folder and won't be affected by an uninstall and (re)install, but make sure that "remove personal data" is NOT selected when you uninstall Firefox.
If you keep having problems then also create a new profile.
*http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_folder_-_Firefox
*http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_backup
*http://kb.mozillazine.org/Standard_diagnostic_-_Firefox#Clean_reinstall

Clean reinstall ID CS 5.5

How does one do a clean reinstall of InDesign CS 5.5? I did an uninstall/reinstall to try to solve a problem with ID crashing, but strangely my old preferences showed up in the new install. Where does this information get stored that it can survive the entire suite being uninstalled? Or maybe it does got completely uninstalled?

During the uninstall process, there is usually the option (checkbox) to delete preferences. But if you didn't do that, you can delete your preferences at any time using this method:
http://pfl.com/trb

How to backup with Time Machine for complete clean reinstall of OS

My iMac has been getting slower and slower as the months go by and with each new software update. It used to be a lot faster than this when it was new.
I'm thinking the best solution might be to do a complete clean reinstall of the OS. My question is, if I have Time Machine backing up of all the users Documents, Email, Address, Book, iTunes Library, and iPhoto Library files, can I just go ahead and blow away everything on the machine? That is, after reinstallation, can I just plug in the hard drive, turn on Time Machine and get all those data files back in the right place without difficulty?
Or am I better off meticulously and manually moving the appropriate files/directories to an external harddrive and then fitting them all back into place manually afterwards?
(NOTE: I used to have to do a clean re-installation of XP every year or so to keep the system nice and snappy -- it would invariably get slower and slower over time. Since I got my iMac (Tiger) I had never had this creeping slowness problem, why is it happening now with Leopard?)

slegge,
This might give you some ideas.
Using Time Machine to Restore You Entire System
Q: Can I restore my Mac from a Time Machine backup?
A: Yes, you have several options: (In all cases Mac OS 10.5 Leopard is required as previous OS X versions will not work with Time Machine backups.)
*Full Restore Via Migration Assistant & Time Machine*
You can use the installation DVDs that came with your Mac and reinstall Leopard (Mac OS 10.5). During the installation process you will be asked if you would like to Migrate data over from your Time Machine backups. The advantage here is that you start with fresh system software. The disadvantage is that you may lose many of the personal preferences/settings that had been established with the previous system. But this may be only a minor inconvenience to reestablish these. Depending on whether you choose to migrate your applications over as well, you may be required to reinstall any 3rd-party software or standalone Apple programs. Don’t forget to run Software Update once the initial installation is complete to bring your system up to date. Using Disk Utility at this point to repair any permissions issues is advised as well.
*Full Restore Via Time Machine Only*
Alternatively, you can use the installation DVDs to do a full system restore. Insert the installation DVD. When the welcome window appears, go to the Utilities menu and select “Restore System From Backup…” and choose the drive that your Time Machine backups are on. Then select the date of the backup you would like to restore from. This will completely erase your internal drive and restore your system to a relatively same condition it was in on the date of the backup you choose. (See this article for a list of files that TM does not restore, http://shiftedbits.org/2007/10/31/time-machine-exclusions/) The advantage here is that you retain many of the personal preferences/settings that had been established with the previous system. Additionally, no further installation of 3rd-party software is required. The disadvantage is that BECAUSE you retain many of the personal preferences, settings, and system files that had been present with the previous system, you run the risk of reintroducing problems you experienced with the previous installation, including any issues that necessitated the OS reinstall in the first place. Using Disk Utility at this point to repair any permissions issues is advised as well.
*Full Backup After Restore*
Bear in mind that in all cases Time Machine will perform a full backup after a full restore. This is normal. Time Machine will resume incremental backups after the full backup has completed. To view previous backups, Control-click or right-click the Time Machine icon in your Dock or Option-click the Time Machine menu extra and Choose "Browse Other Time Machine Disks," then select your previous backup volume. You will enter Time Machine and be able to browse your previous back ups and restore files. (http://support.apple.com/kb/TS1338)
Hope this helps.
Cheers!

Clean reinstall aftermath

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