Conversion inquiries

I've got a few questions about converting audio files, though I fear they may be a bit more complicated than the usual fare. My inquiries concern the conversion of songs from 128 kbps AAC format to either 256 kpbs VBR (varible bit rate encoding) AAC or 320 kbps AAC (I'm wanting the best quality possible for storing a fairly large amount of music on my iPod and these seem to be my best options).
I read that transcoding compressed files from one compressed type to another causes quality degradation (although compressed to uncompressed and vice versa supposedly does not add extra degradation, correct?). What I would like to know is
(1) there a quality loss transcoding between the same type of compressed format (ACC) but to a different bit rate? In my case from 128 to 256 VBR or 128 to 320.
(2) if so, is it negligible compared to the increase in quality that would be gained from increasing the bit rate?
(3) And while I'm at it, is there or is there not quality degradation when converting a compressed format to an uncompressed one or vice versa? In my case, from 128 AAC to Apple Lossless or AIFF? (wouldn't mind having a few of my favorite CDs in the highest quality)
And yes, I know the best way to ensure optimum quality is to encode the songs directly from the original CD into the desired format. However, most of my 300+ cd collection was stolen last year, so I all I have are the imported versions in 128 kbps AAC format.
At any rate, any information that anyone might have for my scenario would be very much appreciated. Also, if any of my explanation seems a bit too convoluted to make sense of, please let me know and I will try to clarify.
Thanks,
Brandon
G5 Mac OS X (10.4.5)
G5 Mac OS X (10.4.5)

Hi Brandon--
I can't think of any advantage to you in converting your files, which are 128kbps AAC, to a higher bit rate. All you'd be doing is making files that don't sound any better but take up more space.
As for changing to AIFF or Apple Lossless, there wouldn't be any decrease in sound quality, but again, all you'd be doing is making the file size larger.
It's like making a VHS copy of a High Definition video tape. You can make a new High Definition copy from the VHS, but it will won't gain any clarity or resolution back. It'll just be a very faithful copy of of the VHS, warts and all.
charlie

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