Debugging web applications

Hello,
Do you ever use Creator's debugging tool? If so, under what situations/problems do you find it useful?
What is your most-used technique for diagnosing web application problems and runtime errors?
How do you use the server's stack traces to diagnose errors?

One another trick to use is to use the HTTP monitor. You can activate the HTTP montor from the Server Node -> Application server and then the property from the properties sheet.
This will let you monitor the actual HTTP traffic when the application is executed in the test container.
- Winston
http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/winston?catname=Creator

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            at org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil.execute(SecurityUtil.java:268)
            at org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege(SecurityUtil.java:162)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:236)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.access$000(ApplicationFilterChain.java:55)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain$1.run(ApplicationFilterChain.java:145)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:141)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:718)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:478)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:413)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.access$000(ApplicationDispatcher.java:77)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher$PrivilegedForward.run(ApplicationDispatcher.java:92)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:319)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.FormAuthenticator.authenticate(FormAuthenticator.java:208)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:509)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:144)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:109)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:133)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:539)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.webservice.EjbWebServiceValve.invoke(EjbWebServiceValve.java:134)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.security.web.SingleSignOn.invoke(SingleSignOn.java:254)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.web.VirtualServerValve.invoke(VirtualServerValve.java:209)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:114)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:109)
            at com.sun.enterprise.web.VirtualServerMappingValve.invoke(VirtualServerMappingValve.java:166)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:936)
            at org.apache.coyote.tomcat5.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:165)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:683)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.processConnection(Http11Protocol.java:604)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.TcpWorkerThread.runIt(PoolTcpEndpoint.java:542)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPool$ControlRunnable.run(ThreadPool.java:647)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:534)
    |#]
    [#|2005-02-12T00:21:44.890+0100|WARNING|sun-appserver-pe8.0.0_01|org.apache.catalina.authenticator.FormAuthenticator|_ThreadID=14;|Unexpected error forwarding to login page
    javax.servlet.ServletException: com.sun.security.auth.PolicyFile
            at org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil.execute(SecurityUtil.java:286)
            at org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil.doAsPrivilege(SecurityUtil.java:162)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:236)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.access$000(ApplicationFilterChain.java:55)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain$1.run(ApplicationFilterChain.java:145)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:141)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:718)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:478)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:413)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.access$000(ApplicationDispatcher.java:77)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher$PrivilegedForward.run(ApplicationDispatcher.java:92)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:319)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.FormAuthenticator.authenticate(FormAuthenticator.java:208)
            at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:509)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:144)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:109)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:133)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:539)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.webservice.EjbWebServiceValve.invoke(EjbWebServiceValve.java:134)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.security.web.SingleSignOn.invoke(SingleSignOn.java:254)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at com.sun.enterprise.web.VirtualServerValve.invoke(VirtualServerValve.java:209)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:114)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:109)
            at com.sun.enterprise.web.VirtualServerMappingValve.invoke(VirtualServerMappingValve.java:166)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardValveContext.invokeNext(StandardValveContext.java:107)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:522)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.invoke(ContainerBase.java:936)
            at org.apache.coyote.tomcat5.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:165)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:683)
            at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.processConnection(Http11Protocol.java:604)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.TcpWorkerThread.runIt(PoolTcpEndpoint.java:542)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPool$ControlRunnable.run(ThreadPool.java:647)
            at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:534)
    |#]I have no clue as to what is causing this problem. Any help is highly appreciated.
    Iwan

    Hi Iwan,
    From JDK 1.4 the com.sun.security.auth.PolicyFile class has been deprecated and replaced by sun.security.provider.PolicyFile. Could this be the reason?
    I found this info at the following URL. Maybe this will help you in some way: http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/csg/java/1.4docs/guide/security/jaas/spec/com/sun/security/auth/PolicyFile.html
    Cheers :-)
    Creator Team

  • How do I get info from Active Directory and use it in my web-applications?

    I borrowed a nice piece of code for JNDI hits against Active Directory from this website: http://www.sbfsbo.com/mike/JndiTutorial/
    I have altered it and am trying to use it to retrieve info from our Active Directory Server.
    I altered it to point to my domain, and I want to retrieve a person's full name(CN), e-mail address and their work location.
    I've looked at lots of examples, I've tried lots of things, but I'm really missing something. I'm new to Java, new to JNDI, new to LDAP, new to AD and new to Tomcat. Any help would be so appreciated.
    Thanks,
    To show you the code, and the error message, I've changed the actual names I used for connection.
    What am I not coding right? I get an error message like this:
    javax.naming.NameNotFoundException[LDAP error code 32 - 0000208D: nameErr DSID:03101c9 problem 2001 (no Object), data 0,best match of DC=mycomp, DC=isd, remaining name dc=mycomp, dc=isd
    [code]
    import java.util.Hashtable;
    import java.util.Enumeration;
    import javax.naming.*;
    import javax.naming.directory.*;
    public class JNDISearch2 {
    // initial context implementation
    public static String INITCTX = "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory";
    public static String MY_HOST = "ldap://99.999.9.9:389/dc=mycomp,dc=isd";
    public static String MGR_DN = "CN=connectionID,OU=CO,dc=mycomp,dc=isd";
    public static String MGR_PW = "connectionPassword";
    public static String MY_SEARCHBASE = "dc=mycomp,dc=isd";
    public static String MY_FILTER =
    "(&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=usersignonname))";
    // Specify which attributes we are looking for
    public static String MY_ATTRS[] =
    { "cn", "telephoneNumber", "postalAddress", "mail" };
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    try { //----------------------------------------------------------        
    // Binding
    // Hashtable for environmental information
    Hashtable env = new Hashtable();
    // Specify which class to use for our JNDI Provider
    env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, INITCTX);
    // Specify the host and port to use for directory service
    env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, MY_HOST);
    // Security Information
    env.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple");
    env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, MGR_DN);
    env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, MGR_PW);
    // Get a reference toa directory context
    DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env);
    // Begin search
    // Specify the scope of the search
    SearchControls constraints = new SearchControls();
    constraints.setSearchScope(SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE);
    // Perform the actual search
    // We give it a searchbase, a filter and the constraints
    // containing the scope of the search
    NamingEnumeration results = ctx.search(MY_SEARCHBASE, MY_FILTER, constraints);
    // Now step through the search results
    while (results != null && results.hasMore()) {
    SearchResult sr = (SearchResult) results.next();
    String dn = sr.getName() + ", " + MY_SEARCHBASE;
    System.out.println("Distinguished Name is " + dn);
    // Code for displaying attribute list
    Attributes ar = ctx.getAttributes(dn, MY_ATTRS);
    if (ar == null)
    // Has no attributes
    System.out.println("Entry " + dn);
    System.out.println(" has none of the specified attributes\n");
    else // Has some attributes
    // Determine the attributes in this record.
    for (int i = 0; i < MY_ATTRS.length; i++) {
    Attribute attr = ar.get(MY_ATTRS);
    if (attr != null) {
    System.out.println(MY_ATTRS[i] + ":");
    // Gather all values for the specified attribute.
    for (Enumeration vals = attr.getAll(); vals.hasMoreElements();) {
    System.out.println("\t" + vals.nextElement());
    // System.out.println ("\n");
    // End search
    } // end try
    catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    System.exit(1);
    My JNDIRealm in Tomcat which actually does the initial authentication looks like this:(again, for security purposes, I've changed the access names and passwords, etc.)
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm" debug="99"
    connectionURL="ldap://99.999.9.9:389"
    connectionName="CN=connectionId,OU=CO,dc=mycomp,dc=isd"
    connectionPassword="connectionPassword"
    referrals="follow"
    userBase="dc=mycomp,dc=isd"
    userSearch="(&(sAMAccountName={0})(objectClass=user))"
    userSubtree="true"
    roleBase="dc=mycomp, dc=isd"
    roleSearch="(uniqueMember={0})"
    rolename="cn"
    />
    I'd be so grateful for any help.
    Any suggestions about using the data from Active directory in web-application.
    Thanks.
    R.Vaughn

    By this time you probably have already solved this, but I think the problem is that the Search Base is relative to the attachment point specified with the PROVIDER_URL. Since you already specified "DC=mycomp,DC=isd" in that location, you merely want to set the search base to "". The error message is trying to tell you that it could only find half of the "DC=mycomp, DC=isd, DC=mycomp, DC=isd" that you specified for the search base.
    Hope that helps someone.
    Ken Gartner
    Quadrasis, Inc (We Unify Security, www -dot- quadrasis -dot- com)

  • Create a new web application, how shall I update the file server.xml

    Hi,
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    - <server-root>/newApp/WEB-INF/classes
    Then I must tell the server that I have created a new web application. Then I must update my file server.xml, How shall I do this and where in the file shall I type in the new information?
    I use windows XP Pro, and Tomcat 4.1.27.
    My server.xml file looks like below:
    <!-- Example Server Configuration File -->
    <!-- Note that component elements are nested corresponding to their
    parent-child relationships with each other -->
    <!-- A "Server" is a singleton element that represents the entire JVM,
    which may contain one or more "Service" instances. The Server
    listens for a shutdown command on the indicated port.
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    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN" debug="0">
    <!-- Comment these entries out to disable JMX MBeans support -->
    <!-- You may also configure custom components (e.g. Valves/Realms) by
    including your own mbean-descriptor file(s), and setting the
    "descriptors" attribute to point to a ';' seperated list of paths
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    e.g. descriptors="/com/myfirm/mypackage/mbean-descriptor.xml"
    -->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener"
    debug="0"/>
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"
    debug="0"/>
    <!-- Global JNDI resources -->
    <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Test entry for demonstration purposes -->
    <Environment name="simpleValue" type="java.lang.Integer" value="30"/>
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    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
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    description="User database that can be updated and saved">
    </Resource>
    <ResourceParams name="UserDatabase">
    <parameter>
    <name>factory</name>
    <value>org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory</value>
    </parameter>
    <parameter>
    <name>pathname</name>
    <value>conf/tomcat-users.xml</value>
    </parameter>
    </ResourceParams>
    </GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
    a single "Container" (and therefore the web applications visible
    within that Container). Normally, that Container is an "Engine",
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    <!-- Define the Tomcat Stand-Alone Service -->
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    <!-- Define a non-SSL Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
    <Connector className="org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteConnector"
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    <!--
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    enableLookups="true"
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    useURIValidationHack="false" disableUploadTimeout="true">
    <Factory className="org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteServerSocketFactory"
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    <!-- Define a Coyote/JK2 AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector className="org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteConnector"
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    <!-- Define a Proxied HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082 -->
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    <!--
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    -->
    <!--
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    <!-- Define the default virtual host -->
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    reloadable="true" crossContext="true">
    <Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger"
    prefix="localhost_examples_log." suffix=".txt"
    timestamp="true"/>
    <Ejb name="ejb/EmplRecord" type="Entity"
    home="com.wombat.empl.EmployeeRecordHome"
    remote="com.wombat.empl.EmployeeRecord"/>
    <!-- If you wanted the examples app to be able to edit the
    user database, you would uncomment the following entry.
    Of course, you would want to enable security on the
    application as well, so this is not done by default!
    The database object could be accessed like this:
    Context initCtx = new InitialContext();
    Context envCtx = (Context) initCtx.lookup("java:comp/env");
    UserDatabase database =
    (UserDatabase) envCtx.lookup("userDatabase");
    -->
    <!--
    <ResourceLink name="userDatabase" global="UserDatabase"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/>
    -->
    <!-- PersistentManager: Uncomment the section below to test Persistent
    Sessions.
    saveOnRestart: If true, all active sessions will be saved
    to the Store when Catalina is shutdown, regardless of
    other settings. All Sessions found in the Store will be
    loaded on startup. Sessions past their expiration are
    ignored in both cases.
    maxActiveSessions: If 0 or greater, having too many active
    sessions will result in some being swapped out. minIdleSwap
    limits this. -1 or 0 means unlimited sessions are allowed.
    If it is not possible to swap sessions new sessions will
    be rejected.
    This avoids thrashing when the site is highly active.
    minIdleSwap: Sessions must be idle for at least this long
    (in seconds) before they will be swapped out due to
    activity.
    0 means sessions will almost always be swapped out after
    use - this will be noticeably slow for your users.
    maxIdleSwap: Sessions will be swapped out if idle for this
    long (in seconds). If minIdleSwap is higher, then it will
    override this. This isn't exact: it is checked periodically.
    -1 means sessions won't be swapped out for this reason,
    although they may be swapped out for maxActiveSessions.
    If set to >= 0, guarantees that all sessions found in the
    Store will be loaded on startup.
    maxIdleBackup: Sessions will be backed up (saved to the Store,
    but left in active memory) if idle for this long (in seconds),
    and all sessions found in the Store will be loaded on startup.
    If set to -1 sessions will not be backed up, 0 means they
    should be backed up shortly after being used.
    To clear sessions from the Store, set maxActiveSessions, maxIdleSwap,
    and minIdleBackup all to -1, saveOnRestart to false, then restart
    Catalina.
    -->
    <!--
    <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager"
    debug="0"
    saveOnRestart="true"
    maxActiveSessions="-1"
    minIdleSwap="-1"
    maxIdleSwap="-1"
    maxIdleBackup="-1">
    <Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore"/>
    </Manager>
    -->
    <Environment name="maxExemptions" type="java.lang.Integer"
    value="15"/>
    <Parameter name="context.param.name" value="context.param.value"
    override="false"/>
    <Resource name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb" auth="SERVLET"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
    <ResourceParams name="jdbc/EmployeeAppDb">
    <parameter><name>username</name><value>sa</value></parameter>
    <parameter><name>password</name><value></value></parameter>
    <parameter><name>driverClassName</name>
    <value>org.hsql.jdbcDriver</value></parameter>
    <parameter><name>url</name>
    <value>jdbc:HypersonicSQL:database</value></parameter>
    </ResourceParams>
    <Resource name="mail/Session" auth="Container"
    type="javax.mail.Session"/>
    <ResourceParams name="mail/Session">
    <parameter>
    <name>mail.smtp.host</name>
    <value>localhost</value>
    </parameter>
    </ResourceParams>
    <ResourceLink name="linkToGlobalResource"
    global="simpleValue"
    type="java.lang.Integer"/>
    </Context>
    </Host>
    </Engine>
    </Service>
    </Server>

    To use servlets u have indeed to update your web.xml...Well I'm not sure this is relevant to your case anyway.
    You have to add a <servlet> element to this file.
    Something like this:
    <servlet>
    <servlet-name>blabla</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>blablapackage.Blablaclass</servlet-class>
    <init-param>...</init-param>
    </servlet>
    Now this may not solve your problem. Make sure you refer to your servlets using their full qualified names.btw, just to be sure, what is your definition of "servlet"? (i mean: any java class or only javax.servlet.Servlet)

  • Problem with Configuring Tomcat for running jsp web applications..Plz HELP

    I am using Tomcat 5.5 and Jdk 1.5.0_12 and Oracle 10g. I am using jdbc-odbc bridge connection
    to connect to the database. I have placed my project folder called
    tdm under the webapps folder in Tomcat. This 'tdm' folder consists of
    a collection of html pages,jsp pages and images of my project. Also I created a
    WEB-INF folderand in that I have lib folder which contains catalina-root.jar
    , classes12.jar and nls_charset.jar files. And also in the WEB-INF folder I have the web.xml
    file which looks like this
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
    <!--
    Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
    -->
    <web-app>
    <resource-ref>
    <description>Oracle Datasource example</description>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/gdn</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
    </resource-ref>
    </web-app>
    My Server.xml file in Tomcat\conf folder is as follows
    <!-- Example Server Configuration File -->
    <!-- Note that component elements are nested corresponding to their
    parent-child relationships with each other -->
    <!-- A "Server" is a singleton element that represents the entire JVM,
    which may contain one or more "Service" instances. The Server
    listens for a shutdown command on the indicated port.
    Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
    <!-- Comment these entries out to disable JMX MBeans support used for the
    administration web application -->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
    <!-- Global JNDI resources -->
    <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Test entry for demonstration purposes -->
    <Environment name="simpleValue" type="java.lang.Integer" value="30"/>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
    UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
    description="User database that can be updated and saved"
    factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
    pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
    <Resource name="jdbc/gdn" auth="Container"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"
    url="jdbc:odbc:gdn"
    username="system" password="tiger" maxActive="20" maxIdle="10"
    maxWait="-1"/>
    </GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
    a single "Container" (and therefore the web applications visible
    within that Container). Normally, that Container is an "Engine",
    but this is not required.
    Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
    -->
    <!-- Define the Tomcat Stand-Alone Service -->
    <Service name="Catalina">
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
    and responses are returned. Each Connector passes requests on to the
    associated "Container" (normally an Engine) for processing.
    By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.
    You can also enable an SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 by
    following the instructions below and uncommenting the second Connector
    entry. SSL support requires the following steps (see the SSL Config
    HOWTO in the Tomcat 5 documentation bundle for more detailed
    instructions):
    * If your JDK version 1.3 or prior, download and install JSSE 1.0.2 or
    later, and put the JAR files into "$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext".
    * Execute:
    %JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Windows)
    $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Unix)
    with a password value of "changeit" for both the certificate and
    the keystore itself.
    By default, DNS lookups are enabled when a web application calls
    request.getRemoteHost(). This can have an adverse impact on
    performance, so you can disable it by setting the
    "enableLookups" attribute to "false". When DNS lookups are disabled,
    request.getRemoteHost() will return the String version of the
    IP address of the remote client.
    -->
    <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
    <Connector
    port="5050" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
    connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
    <!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
    to 0 -->
         <!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties :
                   compression="on"
                   compressionMinSize="2048"
                   noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
                   compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
         -->
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
    acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
    clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009"
    enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />
    <!-- Define a Proxied HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082 -->
    <!-- See proxy documentation for more information about using this. -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8082"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000"
    proxyPort="80" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
    -->
    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
    every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
    analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
    on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
    <!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
    the request headers and cookies that were received, and the response
    headers and cookies that were sent, for all requests received by
    this instance of Tomcat. If you care only about requests to a
    particular virtual host, or a particular application, nest this
    element inside the corresponding <Host> or <Context> entry instead.
    For a similar mechanism that is portable to all Servlet 2.4
    containers, check out the "RequestDumperFilter" Filter in the
    example application (the source for this filter may be found in
    "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters").
    Request dumping is disabled by default. Uncomment the following
    element to enable it. -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
    -->
    <!-- Because this Realm is here, an instance will be shared globally -->
    <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
    resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
    that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
    available for use by the Realm. -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
    resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
    <!-- Comment out the old realm but leave here for now in case we
    need to go back quickly -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" />
    -->
    <!-- Replace the above Realm with one of the following to get a Realm
    stored in a database and accessed via JDBC -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost/authority"
    connectionName="test" connectionPassword="test"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@ntserver:1521:ORCL"
    connectionName="scott" connectionPassword="tiger"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:odbc:CATALINA"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!-- Define the default virtual host
    Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.
    -->
    <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <!-- Defines a cluster for this node,
    By defining this element, means that every manager will be changed.
    So when running a cluster, only make sure that you have webapps in there
    that need to be clustered and remove the other ones.
    A cluster has the following parameters:
    className = the fully qualified name of the cluster class
    name = a descriptive name for your cluster, can be anything
    mcastAddr = the multicast address, has to be the same for all the nodes
    mcastPort = the multicast port, has to be the same for all the nodes
    mcastBindAddr = bind the multicast socket to a specific address
    mcastTTL = the multicast TTL if you want to limit your broadcast
    mcastSoTimeout = the multicast readtimeout
    mcastFrequency = the number of milliseconds in between sending a "I'm alive" heartbeat
    mcastDropTime = the number a milliseconds before a node is considered "dead" if no heartbeat is received
    tcpThreadCount = the number of threads to handle incoming replication requests, optimal would be the same amount of threads as nodes
    tcpListenAddress = the listen address (bind address) for TCP cluster request on this host,
    in case of multiple ethernet cards.
    auto means that address becomes
    InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
    tcpListenPort = the tcp listen port
    tcpSelectorTimeout = the timeout (ms) for the Selector.select() method in case the OS
    has a wakup bug in java.nio. Set to 0 for no timeout
    printToScreen = true means that managers will also print to std.out
    expireSessionsOnShutdown = true means that
    useDirtyFlag = true means that we only replicate a session after setAttribute,removeAttribute has been called.
    false means to replicate the session after each request.
    false means that replication would work for the following piece of code: (only for SimpleTcpReplicationManager)
    <%
    HashMap map = (HashMap)session.getAttribute("map");
    map.put("key","value");
    %>
    replicationMode = can be either 'pooled', 'synchronous' or 'asynchronous'.
    * Pooled means that the replication happens using several sockets in a synchronous way. Ie, the data gets replicated, then the request return. This is the same as the 'synchronous' setting except it uses a pool of sockets, hence it is multithreaded. This is the fastest and safest configuration. To use this, also increase the nr of tcp threads that you have dealing with replication.
    * Synchronous means that the thread that executes the request, is also the
    thread the replicates the data to the other nodes, and will not return until all
    nodes have received the information.
    * Asynchronous means that there is a specific 'sender' thread for each cluster node,
    so the request thread will queue the replication request into a "smart" queue,
    and then return to the client.
    The "smart" queue is a queue where when a session is added to the queue, and the same session
    already exists in the queue from a previous request, that session will be replaced
    in the queue instead of replicating two requests. This almost never happens, unless there is a
    large network delay.
    -->
    <!--
    When configuring for clustering, you also add in a valve to catch all the requests
    coming in, at the end of the request, the session may or may not be replicated.
    A session is replicated if and only if all the conditions are met:
    1. useDirtyFlag is true or setAttribute or removeAttribute has been called AND
    2. a session exists (has been created)
    3. the request is not trapped by the "filter" attribute
    The filter attribute is to filter out requests that could not modify the session,
    hence we don't replicate the session after the end of this request.
    The filter is negative, ie, anything you put in the filter, you mean to filter out,
    ie, no replication will be done on requests that match one of the filters.
    The filter attribute is delimited by ;, so you can't escape out ; even if you wanted to.
    filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;" means that we will not replicate the session after requests with the URI
    ending with .gif and .js are intercepted.
    The deployer element can be used to deploy apps cluster wide.
    Currently the deployment only deploys/undeploys to working members in the cluster
    so no WARs are copied upons startup of a broken node.
    The deployer watches a directory (watchDir) for WAR files when watchEnabled="true"
    When a new war file is added the war gets deployed to the local instance,
    and then deployed to the other instances in the cluster.
    When a war file is deleted from the watchDir the war is undeployed locally
    and cluster wide
    -->
    <!--
    <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
    managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
    useDirtyFlag="true"
    notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
    <Membership
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
    mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
    mcastPort="45564"
    mcastFrequency="500"
    mcastDropTime="3000"/>
    <Receiver
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
    tcpListenAddress="auto"
    tcpListenPort="4001"
    tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
    tcpThreadCount="6"/>
    <Sender
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
    replicationMode="pooled"
    ackTimeout="15000"/>
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
    filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>
    <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
    watchEnabled="false"/>
    </Cluster>
    -->
    <!-- Normally, users must authenticate themselves to each web app
    individually. Uncomment the following entry if you would like
    a user to be authenticated the first time they encounter a
    resource protected by a security constraint, and then have that
    user identity maintained across all web applications contained
    in this virtual host. -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
    -->
    <!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
    default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
    $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
    directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
    (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
    -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
    directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
    pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
    -->
    <!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
    default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
    $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
    directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
    (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
    This access log implementation is optimized for maximum performance,
    but is hardcoded to support only the "common" and "combined" patterns.
    -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.FastCommonAccessLogValve"
    directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
    pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
    -->
    <Context path="/tdm" docBase="tdm" debug="0" reloadable="true" />
    </Host>
    </Engine>
    </Service>
    </Server>
    I have set the context path to /tdm in the server.xml file. Should this be placed in context.xml?
    My first page in the project is called Homepage.html. To start my project I give http://localhost:5050/tdm/homepage.html
    in a browser. Here I accept a username and password from the user and then do the validation in
    a valid.jsp file, where I connect to the database and check and use jsp:forward to go to next pages
    accordingly. However when I enter the username and password and click Go in the homepage, nothing is
    displayed on the next page. The URL in the browser says valid.jsp but a blank screen appears.
    WHY DOES IT HAPPEN SO? DOES IT MEAN THAT TOMCAT IS NOT RECOGNIZING JAVA IN MY SYSTEM OR IS IT A PROBLEM
    WITH THE DATABASE CONNECTION OR SOMETHING ELSE? I FEEL THAT TOMCAT IS NOT EXECUTING JSP COMMANDS?
    IS IT POSSIBLE?WHY WILL THIS HAPPEN?
    I set the JAVA_HOME and CATALINA_HOME environment to the jdk and tomcat folders resp.
    Is there any other thing that I need to set in classpath? Should I have my project as a
    WAR file in the webapps of TOMCAT or just a folder i.e. directory structure will fine?

    I am using Tomcat 5.5 and Jdk 1.5.0_12 and Oracle 10g. I am using jdbc-odbc bridge connection
    to connect to the database. I have placed my project folder called
    tdm under the webapps folder in Tomcat. This 'tdm' folder consists of
    a collection of html pages,jsp pages and images of my project. Also I created a
    WEB-INF folderand in that I have lib folder which contains catalina-root.jar
    , classes12.jar and nls_charset.jar files. And also in the WEB-INF folder I have the web.xml
    file which looks like this
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
    <!--
    Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    You may obtain a copy of the License at
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
    -->
    <web-app>
    <resource-ref>
    <description>Oracle Datasource example</description>
    <res-ref-name>jdbc/gdn</res-ref-name>
    <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
    <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
    </resource-ref>
    </web-app>
    My Server.xml file in Tomcat\conf folder is as follows
    <!-- Example Server Configuration File -->
    <!-- Note that component elements are nested corresponding to their
    parent-child relationships with each other -->
    <!-- A "Server" is a singleton element that represents the entire JVM,
    which may contain one or more "Service" instances. The Server
    listens for a shutdown command on the indicated port.
    Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
    -->
    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
    <!-- Comment these entries out to disable JMX MBeans support used for the
    administration web application -->
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
    <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
    <!-- Global JNDI resources -->
    <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Test entry for demonstration purposes -->
    <Environment name="simpleValue" type="java.lang.Integer" value="30"/>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
    UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
    type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
    description="User database that can be updated and saved"
    factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
    pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
    <Resource name="jdbc/gdn" auth="Container"
    type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"
    url="jdbc:odbc:gdn"
    username="system" password="tiger" maxActive="20" maxIdle="10"
    maxWait="-1"/>
    </GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
    a single "Container" (and therefore the web applications visible
    within that Container). Normally, that Container is an "Engine",
    but this is not required.
    Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
    define subcomponents such as "Valves" or "Loggers" at this level.
    -->
    <!-- Define the Tomcat Stand-Alone Service -->
    <Service name="Catalina">
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
    and responses are returned. Each Connector passes requests on to the
    associated "Container" (normally an Engine) for processing.
    By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.
    You can also enable an SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 by
    following the instructions below and uncommenting the second Connector
    entry. SSL support requires the following steps (see the SSL Config
    HOWTO in the Tomcat 5 documentation bundle for more detailed
    instructions):
    * If your JDK version 1.3 or prior, download and install JSSE 1.0.2 or
    later, and put the JAR files into "$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext".
    * Execute:
    %JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Windows)
    $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Unix)
    with a password value of "changeit" for both the certificate and
    the keystore itself.
    By default, DNS lookups are enabled when a web application calls
    request.getRemoteHost(). This can have an adverse impact on
    performance, so you can disable it by setting the
    "enableLookups" attribute to "false". When DNS lookups are disabled,
    request.getRemoteHost() will return the String version of the
    IP address of the remote client.
    -->
    <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
    <Connector
    port="5050" maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
    connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
    <!-- Note : To disable connection timeouts, set connectionTimeout value
    to 0 -->
         <!-- Note : To use gzip compression you could set the following properties :
                   compression="on"
                   compressionMinSize="2048"
                   noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata"
                   compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml"
         -->
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"
    acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"
    clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009"
    enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />
    <!-- Define a Proxied HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8082 -->
    <!-- See proxy documentation for more information about using this. -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8082"
    maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
    enableLookups="false" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000"
    proxyPort="80" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
    -->
    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
    every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
    analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
    on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
    <!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
    the request headers and cookies that were received, and the response
    headers and cookies that were sent, for all requests received by
    this instance of Tomcat. If you care only about requests to a
    particular virtual host, or a particular application, nest this
    element inside the corresponding <Host> or <Context> entry instead.
    For a similar mechanism that is portable to all Servlet 2.4
    containers, check out the "RequestDumperFilter" Filter in the
    example application (the source for this filter may be found in
    "$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/classes/filters").
    Request dumping is disabled by default. Uncomment the following
    element to enable it. -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
    -->
    <!-- Because this Realm is here, an instance will be shared globally -->
    <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
    resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
    that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
    available for use by the Realm. -->
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
    resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
    <!-- Comment out the old realm but leave here for now in case we
    need to go back quickly -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.MemoryRealm" />
    -->
    <!-- Replace the above Realm with one of the following to get a Realm
    stored in a database and accessed via JDBC -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost/authority"
    connectionName="test" connectionPassword="test"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@ntserver:1521:ORCL"
    connectionName="scott" connectionPassword="tiger"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!--
    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.JDBCRealm"
    driverName="sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"
    connectionURL="jdbc:odbc:CATALINA"
    userTable="users" userNameCol="user_name" userCredCol="user_pass"
    userRoleTable="user_roles" roleNameCol="role_name" />
    -->
    <!-- Define the default virtual host
    Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.
    -->
    <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
    unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
    xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
    <!-- Defines a cluster for this node,
    By defining this element, means that every manager will be changed.
    So when running a cluster, only make sure that you have webapps in there
    that need to be clustered and remove the other ones.
    A cluster has the following parameters:
    className = the fully qualified name of the cluster class
    name = a descriptive name for your cluster, can be anything
    mcastAddr = the multicast address, has to be the same for all the nodes
    mcastPort = the multicast port, has to be the same for all the nodes
    mcastBindAddr = bind the multicast socket to a specific address
    mcastTTL = the multicast TTL if you want to limit your broadcast
    mcastSoTimeout = the multicast readtimeout
    mcastFrequency = the number of milliseconds in between sending a "I'm alive" heartbeat
    mcastDropTime = the number a milliseconds before a node is considered "dead" if no heartbeat is received
    tcpThreadCount = the number of threads to handle incoming replication requests, optimal would be the same amount of threads as nodes
    tcpListenAddress = the listen address (bind address) for TCP cluster request on this host,
    in case of multiple ethernet cards.
    auto means that address becomes
    InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()
    tcpListenPort = the tcp listen port
    tcpSelectorTimeout = the timeout (ms) for the Selector.select() method in case the OS
    has a wakup bug in java.nio. Set to 0 for no timeout
    printToScreen = true means that managers will also print to std.out
    expireSessionsOnShutdown = true means that
    useDirtyFlag = true means that we only replicate a session after setAttribute,removeAttribute has been called.
    false means to replicate the session after each request.
    false means that replication would work for the following piece of code: (only for SimpleTcpReplicationManager)
    <%
    HashMap map = (HashMap)session.getAttribute("map");
    map.put("key","value");
    %>
    replicationMode = can be either 'pooled', 'synchronous' or 'asynchronous'.
    * Pooled means that the replication happens using several sockets in a synchronous way. Ie, the data gets replicated, then the request return. This is the same as the 'synchronous' setting except it uses a pool of sockets, hence it is multithreaded. This is the fastest and safest configuration. To use this, also increase the nr of tcp threads that you have dealing with replication.
    * Synchronous means that the thread that executes the request, is also the
    thread the replicates the data to the other nodes, and will not return until all
    nodes have received the information.
    * Asynchronous means that there is a specific 'sender' thread for each cluster node,
    so the request thread will queue the replication request into a "smart" queue,
    and then return to the client.
    The "smart" queue is a queue where when a session is added to the queue, and the same session
    already exists in the queue from a previous request, that session will be replaced
    in the queue instead of replicating two requests. This almost never happens, unless there is a
    large network delay.
    -->
    <!--
    When configuring for clustering, you also add in a valve to catch all the requests
    coming in, at the end of the request, the session may or may not be replicated.
    A session is replicated if and only if all the conditions are met:
    1. useDirtyFlag is true or setAttribute or removeAttribute has been called AND
    2. a session exists (has been created)
    3. the request is not trapped by the "filter" attribute
    The filter attribute is to filter out requests that could not modify the session,
    hence we don't replicate the session after the end of this request.
    The filter is negative, ie, anything you put in the filter, you mean to filter out,
    ie, no replication will be done on requests that match one of the filters.
    The filter attribute is delimited by ;, so you can't escape out ; even if you wanted to.
    filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;" means that we will not replicate the session after requests with the URI
    ending with .gif and .js are intercepted.
    The deployer element can be used to deploy apps cluster wide.
    Currently the deployment only deploys/undeploys to working members in the cluster
    so no WARs are copied upons startup of a broken node.
    The deployer watches a directory (watchDir) for WAR files when watchEnabled="true"
    When a new war file is added the war gets deployed to the local instance,
    and then deployed to the other instances in the cluster.
    When a war file is deleted from the watchDir the war is undeployed locally
    and cluster wide
    -->
    <!--
    <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
    managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
    useDirtyFlag="true"
    notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
    <Membership
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
    mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
    mcastPort="45564"
    mcastFrequency="500"
    mcastDropTime="3000"/>
    <Receiver
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
    tcpListenAddress="auto"
    tcpListenPort="4001"
    tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
    tcpThreadCount="6"/>
    <Sender
    className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
    replicationMode="pooled"
    ackTimeout="15000"/>
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
    filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.txt;"/>
    <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
    watchEnabled="false"/>
    </Cluster>
    -->
    <!-- Normally, users must authenticate themselves to each web app
    individually. Uncomment the following entry if you would like
    a user to be authenticated the first time they encounter a
    resource protected by a security constraint, and then have that
    user identity maintained across all web applications contained
    in this virtual host. -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
    -->
    <!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
    default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
    $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
    directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
    (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
    -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
    directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
    pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
    -->
    <!-- Access log processes all requests for this virtual host. By
    default, log files are created in the "logs" directory relative to
    $CATALINA_HOME. If you wish, you can specify a different
    directory with the "directory" attribute. Specify either a relative
    (to $CATALINA_HOME) or absolute path to the desired directory.
    This access log implementation is optimized for maximum performance,
    but is hardcoded to support only the "common" and "combined" patterns.
    -->
    <!--
    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.FastCommonAccessLogValve"
    directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
    pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
    -->
    <Context path="/tdm" docBase="tdm" debug="0" reloadable="true" />
    </Host>
    </Engine>
    </Service>
    </Server>
    I have set the context path to /tdm in the server.xml file. Should this be placed in context.xml?
    My first page in the project is called Homepage.html. To start my project I give http://localhost:5050/tdm/homepage.html
    in a browser. Here I accept a username and password from the user and then do the validation in
    a valid.jsp file, where I connect to the database and check and use jsp:forward to go to next pages
    accordingly. However when I enter the username and password and click Go in the homepage, nothing is
    displayed on the next page. The URL in the browser says valid.jsp but a blank screen appears.
    WHY DOES IT HAPPEN SO? DOES IT MEAN THAT TOMCAT IS NOT RECOGNIZING JAVA IN MY SYSTEM OR IS IT A PROBLEM
    WITH THE DATABASE CONNECTION OR SOMETHING ELSE? I FEEL THAT TOMCAT IS NOT EXECUTING JSP COMMANDS?
    IS IT POSSIBLE?WHY WILL THIS HAPPEN?
    I set the JAVA_HOME and CATALINA_HOME environment to the jdk and tomcat folders resp.
    Is there any other thing that I need to set in classpath? Should I have my project as a
    WAR file in the webapps of TOMCAT or just a folder i.e. directory structure will fine?

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