Difference between Portal Transport and Basis Transport

Hi Experts,
I have few questions .
1. What's the difference between transport in portal and transport in Basis.
2 . In user admin , we create users and assign them roles. Even Basis people will create
new userids and assign them roles. Whats the difference between these two.
3. In useradmin whats the difference between assigned roles and assigned groups.
Thanks a lot.

Hi,
I don't see any differnece in portal and basis transport
Content transport generally done from one landscape to other landscape. say from dev to test system
or test to production system.
we create user id using user admin role in portal ume or we can get users externally by using LDAP funtionality.
Using user admin role we can assingn users to rolese and groups.
Groups are used for a group of users. IF certain users have similar authorizations in portal then we group them in single user group and then assing this group to the roles. This is called authorization.
Role is used to display the portal content to the users and is the top level navigation in portal.
If I miss anything at basis level then someone can help you.
Raghu

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Difference between BEx tansport and normal transport

Dear Experts,
Could someone please explain the difference between normal transport truck button and the truck with 'BEx' as label.
Please let me know the context where these will be using
Kind regards
Shanthi

If you press the help button this appears:
Transporting BEx Objects
BEx objects (queries and workbooks) are transported differently in BI to
other objects. When you maintain these objects, you do not get a dialog
box asking you to create a transport request. Instead, an administrator
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When this request is released, the administrator needs to create a new
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In some cases, one request is not big enough for all the BEx objects.
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Difference between portal component and portal service?

Hi I am kishore...
         I worked on portal components but not on portal services... Would anybody tell the difference between the portal components and portal services...? What is a portal service..?
           How we know which one to choose in the scenario.?
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Hi kishore,
A portal component is custom Java code that is executed according to user requests, and generates HTML output for display on the client.
Portal components:
Page builder, which assembles pages
Admin tools, such as logger, which is comprised of user interface messages.
Pages
Technically, the page is also an iView. A page includes iViews or pages (nested) and Layout components
iViews
There are two different isolation levels (iView types)
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Portal Services:
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A portal service act as the middleware, that is, interfaces that are enabled to exchange procedures and data. They offer functionality to portal components, and other services.
There are two groups of portal services:
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Caching
Notification
iView service
Application Repository
System Landscape
Role, pages, worksets
Web Services
Unification service
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Client Eventing
URL generator
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JCO client service
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Hi Experts,
I am new to SAP BI7 work. i am having basic doubt in Transort request creations
ususally we create the requests to transport the objects from Development system to further systems.
can anyone please clarify me, what is the main defference between the Workbench request and Customizing request.
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Mrudula

Hi ,
The Transport Organiser maintains Change Requests.These requests record the changes made to the repository and customizing objects.Based on that objects changed they are
1)WorkBench Request & 2) Customizing Request.
Workbench Requests are those that involve changes to cross-client Customising and Repository Objects. The objects are independent of the client.Hence the requests are used for transferring and transporting changed Repository objects and changed system settings from cross-client tables.
Customizing Requests involve changes recorded to client-specific Customizing objects .These client specific requests are used for copying and transporting changed system settings from client-specific tables.
Refer this links http://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/57910.html
customising and workbench request
Difference between Customizing request and Workbench request
and many more threads available on this.
Regards,
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http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nwpi71/helpdata/en/9a/775de286874bc78dcb1470bc80f0f9/frameset.htm
Also the documentation below will provide a more complete overview and configuration steps for the CTS+ usage
"http://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/scn/go/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.docs/library/application-lifecycle-management/lifecycle-management/software-logistics/new%20features%20in%20sap%20enhancement%20package%201%20for%20sap%20netweaver%207.0.pdf"
Please also refer to the SDN thread below
How to move PI objects in IR and ID from DEV to QAS

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Hi All,
Can any one tell the difference between NWBC login and Portal Login in GRC 10?
Thanks & Regards
Mohammed Wasim

Hi,
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What is the defferent between client copy and client transport

what is the defferent between client copy and client transport?
give me the steps that how to make a applications data copy from production to QAS.
thanks
priyan

Hi,
what is the defferent between client copy and client transport?You better google it..!
here is the result..
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/print46c/en/data/pdf/bcctscco/bcctscco.pdf
Follow the standard procedure of System Copy from PRD => QAS :
Download guide as per your release:
http://service.sap.com/systemcopy
What is Systemcopy:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_rc10/helpdata/en/a2/2f0c173a5e43d19585724239ff4de7/frameset.htm
Regards;

Export differences between GUI ALV and Portal

Hi,
Have a customer that is able to export reports to Excel using the 'Local File -> Spreadsheet Option'. When this is used in the GUI, the report exports as expected, all columns from the ALV view in the correct columns in excel.
If I run the same report through the customer portal, exporting the data in the same way, when I open the file in excel, each ALV column is combined into 1 column in excel.
Questions:
- Are there any differences between the GUI and Portal when using the exporting functions?
- Would this output be determined by Excel and not the SAP export?
Any assistance or guidance is much appreciated.
Thanks

"319071" and Doug:
The products have different purposes. Portal provides content aggregation, application integration and personalization. Together with the Oracle Application Server infrastructure you also get identity management capabilities such as a centralized LDAP-based user directory and Single Sign-On. HTML DB is a tool for rapid development of database centric web applications. Nothing more, nothing less. Portal allows you to bring together applications built using a variety of technologies. HTML DB is just one of those technologies that happens to be optimized for web development on an Oracle database.
Once you have built your application with HTML DB, you may choose to place a link to it on a portal page. You may even choose to make authentication seamless by making the HTML DB application a Single Sign-On partner application (see: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/htmldb/howtos/sso_partner_app.html). Or, you may want to display some data from a report developed in HTML DB inside a portlet (see: http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/htmldb/howtos/omniportlet_index.html)
Granted, Portal does have database centric development capabilities (what used to be called WebDB), but they are not nearly as flexible as HTML DB's. HTML DB lets you control page flow while maintaining session state, has quite sophisticated report building capabilities such as column based sorting and pagination, form building capabilities such as declarative field level data validations, built in field level help, etc.
Sergio

Difference between Seeburger FTP and OFTP adapters

hi,
Can anybody tell me the difference between Seeburger FTP and OFTP adapters?
On what basis should one make a business decision as to which adapter to go for?
Kindly help urgently.
Regards,
Loveena

Hi ! Loveena
Seeburger EDI Adapter provides an EDI solution on internet via HTTP or AS2 to replace the expensive VAN. It provides some pre-built mappings for IDOC to ANSI X12(810,850,855,856 etc.,) and Idoc to EDIFACT(ORDERS,DESADV,INVOIC etc.,) and has the ability to build your own. These pre-defined mappings transform the IDOC-XML to EDI-XML format.
Seeburger Adapters are used to Connect the applications which are using Message protocol/Transport protocol as CrossIndustry(payment), VAN, OFTP, AS2(EDIINT), Generic and EDI based applications.
Re: Seeburger Adapter
Reg seeburger seeburger
installation
https://forums.sdn.sap.com/click.jspa?searchID=2268965&messageID=3210111
OFTP ist a communication protocol. This has nothing to do with the format you have to transfer.
regards the format you have to clear at which standard you have to transfer the messages. This can be any EDI format. At OFTP area the standard are often VDA or ODETTE.
You can create this messages using different EDI adapters (of course also the mendelson adapter ).
Regards OFTP you need additional software which handle the transfer based on the OFTP standard. Mostly you also need an ISDN card for using this protocol.
We can support you with this software for OFTP transport too.
More info also available at http://www.mendelson-e-c.com/.
have a look at the ACTIS OFTP Adapter
Ref: http://www.actis.atosorigin.de/solutions/en/ACTIS_solutions/SAPXI.php
refer this thread also
When we need Seeburger AS2 & FTP?
XI Seeburger adapters
Adapter for OFTP?!
Thanks !!

Difference between Change request and Service request

HI All,
Can any body tell me the actual difference between Change request and Service Request. Does it have any difference ? Or they are same.

Are you referring to the project Specific Terms ??? If yes, then following are the differences.
Change Request - Suppose user is using a Sales Report which displays Revenue by Customer. Now the user wants to see the same by Product as well which is not available in the current report. So the user raises a Change request and the development team works on it to include the same and make it avaialable for the user.
Service Request - These kind of requests are more likely raised when the user needs access to some system (raise service request to Security team), wants to move a transport to the Production box (raise Service request to Basis Team)..etc.

Difference between Session method and call transaction

Hi,
please give me the differences between session method and call transaction,
briefly explaining synchronus , asynchronus, process, update.
Thanks in advance

Hi Vijay Kumar
CLASSICAL BATCH INPUT (Session Method)
CALL TRANSACTION
BATCH INPUT METHOD:
This method is also called as CLASSICAL METHOD.
Features:
Asynchronous processing.
Synchronous Processing in database update.
Transfer data for more than one transaction.
Batch input processing log will be generated.
During processing, no transaction is started until the previous transaction has been written to the database.
CALL TRANSACTION METHOD :
This is another method to transfer data from the legacy system.
Features:
Synchronous processing. The system performs a database commit immediately before and after the CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
Updating the database can be either synchronous or asynchronous. The program specifies the update type.
Transfer data for a single transaction.
Transfers data for a sequence of dialog screens.
No batch input processing log is generated.
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
Among the two methods call transaction is better compared to session bcoz data transfer is faster in it.
Differences between call transaction and session.
Session Method:
1) Data is not updated in the database table until the session is processed.
2) No sy-subrc is returned.
3) Error log is created for error records.
4) Updation is always synchronous.
Call Transaction Method:
1) Immediate updation in the database table.
2) sy-subrc is returned.
3)Error need to be handled explicitly.
4) updation can be synchronous as well as asynchronous.
2) ya u can use using the N mode no screen.
3)u can't handle multiple transaction in call transaction.
4) u can handle multiple transaction in session using the BDC_INSERT fm.
5)When u go to SM35 u can able to see the error records.
Which is best?
That depends on your requirement. Both of them have there advantages.
According to the situation u can choose any one of these.
difference between batch input and call transaction in BDC Session method.
1) synchronous processing.
2) can tranfer large amount of data.
3) processing is slower.
4) error log is created
5) data is not updated until session is processed.
Call transaction.
1) asynchronous processing
2) can transfer small amount of data
3) processing is faster.
4) errors need to be handled explicitly
5) data is updated automatically
For session method,these are the function modules to b used.
BDC_OPEN_GROUP
BDC_INSERT
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
For call transaction,this is the syntax.
CALL TRANSACTION TCODE USING BDCDATA
MODE A or E or N
UPDATE A or S
MESSAGES INTO MESSTAB.
Take a scenario where we need to post documents in FB01 and the input file has say 2000 records (2000 documents, not line items in FB01 but 2000 records)
In the BDC call transaction method
We call the transaction FB01 2000 times (once for each record posting) and if the processing fails in record no 3 it can be captured and start with reocord 4.
Eg: Loop at itab.
call transaction FB01
capture errors
endloop.
In the session method.
We do not explicity call the transaction 2000 times, but all the records are appeneded into a session and this session is stored. The processinf of the session is done wwhenever the user wants it to be done. Hence the errors cannot be captured in the program itself
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
Batch Input Session method is asynchronous as told by others here. But the advantage of this is that you have all the error messages and the data for each transaction held persistantly. You don't have to code anything for processing them or writing the logs.
But at the same time, the same feature can be disadvantageous if you need to react to an error or if there are too many errors to manually correct in a session. Since the session are created in the program and its execution is done seperately, you loose the trackability of such transactions.
With a call transaction, what was a disadvantage above will become an advantage. Call transaction immediately gives you messages back and you can react to it in your program. But the disadvantage is that, if you have several hundreds of transactions to run, running them from within the program can be resource crunching affair. It will hamper the system performance and you cannot really distribute the load. Of course, you have some mechanisms with which you can overcome this, but you will have to code for it. Also, storing the messages and storing the errored transaction data etc will have to be handled by you in the program. Whereas, in batch input session, your program's job is to just create the session, after that everything is standard SAP system's responsibility.
Ideally, you should do a call transaction if the resources are not a problem and if it fails, put the errored transaction into a session.
You can decide based on the data volume that your BDC is processing. If data volume is high go for session else call transaction will do.The call transaction updates will be instantaneous where as session needs to be processed explictly after creation.
Session Method
1) Session method supports both small amount of data aswell as large amount of data
2) data processing is asynchronus and data updation is synchronus.
3) it process multiple apllication while perfomaning validations.
4) in session method data will be updated in data base only after processing session only.
5) system provide by default logfile for handling error records.
6) it supports both foreground aswell as background process
in bdc we use FM ...
bdc_open_group " for creating Session
bdc_insert " adding transaction and bdcdata table for updating database
bdc_close_group " for closing Session
Call Transaction
1) Call transaction exclusively for small amout of data
2) it supports only one apllication while perfoming validations
3) there is no default logfile, We can explicitly provide logic for creating logfile for handling error records.
we can create logfile by using structure....BDCMSGCOLL
4) it doesn't support background processing.
5) data processing is synchronous and Data updation is Synchronous( default), in
this method also supports daya updation in asynchronus process also.
syntax:
Call transaction <transaction-name> using BDCDATA
mode <A/N/E>
update <L/A/S>
messages into BDCMSGCOLL.
BDC:
Batch Data Communication (BDC) is the process of transferring data from one SAP System to another SAP system or from a non-SAP system to SAP System.
Features :
BDC is an automatic procedure.
This method is used to transfer large amount of data that is available in electronic medium.
BDC can be used primarily when installing the SAP system and when transferring data from a legacy system (external system).
BDC uses normal transaction codes to transfer data.
Types of BDC :
CLASSICAL BATCH INPUT (Session Method)
CALL TRANSACTION
BATCH INPUT METHOD:
This method is also called as CLASSICAL METHOD.
Features:
Asynchronous processing.
Synchronous Processing in database update.
Transfer data for more than one transaction.
Batch input processing log will be generated.
During processing, no transaction is started until the previous transaction has been written to the database.
CALL TRANSACTION METHOD :
This is another method to transfer data from the legacy system.
Features:
Synchronous processing. The system performs a database commit immediately before and after the CALL TRANSACTION USING statement.
Updating the database can be either synchronous or asynchronous. The program specifies the update type.
Transfer data for a single transaction.
Transfers data for a sequence of dialog screens.
No batch input processing log is generated.
For BDC:
http://myweb.dal.ca/hchinni/sap/bdc_home.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/home/bdc&
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/learning-bdc-programming.htm
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/bdc/bdchome.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/69/c250684ba111d189750000e8322d00/frameset.htm
http://www.sapbrain.com/TUTORIALS/TECHNICAL/BDC_tutorial.html
Check these link:
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/difference-between-batch-input-and-call-transaction-in-bdc.htm
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/question-about-bdc-program.htm
http://www.itcserver.com/blog/2006/06/30/batch-input-vs-call-transaction/
http://www.planetsap.com/bdc_main_page.htm
call Transaction or session method ?
Check the following links:
http://www.sap-img.com/bdc.htm
See below example code :
Call three FM : BDC_OPEN_GROUP,BDC_INSERT and BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.
Once you execute the program and it creates the session at SM35 Transaction.
Report : ZMPPC011
Type : Data upload
Author : Chetan Shah
Date : 05/05/2005
Transport : DV3K919557
Transaction: ??
Description: This ABAP/4 Program creates new Production Versions
(C223). It accepts tab-delimited spreadsheet input and
creates BDC sessions.
Modification Log
Date Programmer Request # Description
06/10/2005 Chetan Shah DV3K919557 Initial coding
report zmppc011 no standard page heading line-size 120 line-count 55
message-id zz.
pool of form routines
include zmppn001.
Define BDC Table Structure
data: begin of itab_bdc_tab occurs 0.
include structure bdcdata.
data: end of itab_bdc_tab.
Input record layout of Leagcy File
data: begin of itab_xcel occurs 0,
matnr(18) type c,
werks(4) type c,
alnag(2) type c,
verid(4) type c,
text1(40) type c,
bstmi like mkal-bstmi,
bstma like mkal-bstma,
adatu(10) type c,
bdatu(10) type c,
stlal(2) type c,
stlan(1) type c,
serkz(1) type c,
mdv01(8) type c,
elpro(4) type c,
alort(4) type c,
end of itab_xcel.
data: begin of lt_pp04_cache occurs 0,
matnr like itab_xcel-matnr,
werks like itab_xcel-werks,
alnag like itab_xcel-alnag,
plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
ktext like crtx-ktext,
end of lt_pp04_cache.
data: v_ssnnr(4) type n,
v_lines_in_xcel like sy-tabix,
v_ssnname like apqi-groupid,
v_trans_in_ssn type i,
wa_xcel LIKE itab_xcel,
l_tabix like sy-tabix,
v_matnr like rc27m-matnr,
v_plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
v_plnal like mapl-plnal,
v_tcode like sy-tcode value 'C223',
v_plnty like plas-plnty value 'R',
v_objty like crhd-objty value 'A',
v_plpo_steus like plpo-steus value 'PP04',
v_verwe like crhd-verwe value '0007'.
Parameters
selection-screen: skip 3.
selection-screen: begin of block 1 with frame.
parameters: p_name like rlgrap-filename
default 'C:\My Documents\InputFile.txt'
obligatory,
bdc session name prefix
p_bdcpfx(6) default 'ZPVCRT'
obligatory,
number for transction per BDC session
p_trnssn type i
default 2000 obligatory,
retain the BDC session after successfull execution
p_keep like apqi-qerase
default 'X',
user who will be executing BDC session
p_uname like apqi-userid
default sy-uname
obligatory.
selection-screen: end of block 1.
possible entry list (F4 dropdown) for input file name
at selection-screen on value-request for p_name.
*-SELECT FILE FROM USERS LOCAL PC
call function 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
exporting
DEF_FILENAME = ' '
def_path = 'C:\Temp\'
mask = ',.,..'
mode = 'O'
title = 'Select File '(007)
importing
filename = p_name
RC =
exceptions
inv_winsys = 1
no_batch = 2
selection_cancel = 3
selection_error = 4
others = 5.
if sy-subrc 0.
MESSAGE ID sy-msgid TYPE sy-msgty NUMBER sy-msgno
WITH sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4.
endif.
begin the show
start-of-selection.
read data from input file
perform transfer_xcel_to_itab.
loop at itab_xcel.
hang on to xcel line num
l_tabix = sy-tabix.
each line in the xcel file marks begining of new prod.version defn
if num-of-trnas-in-session = 0, create new BDC session
if v_trans_in_ssn is initial.
perform bdc_session_open.
endif.
begin new bdc script for rtg create trans
fill in bdc-data for prod.version maintenance screens
perform bdc_build_script.
insert the bdc script as a BDC transaction
perform bdc_submit_transaction.
keep track of how many BDC transactions were inserted in the BDC
session
add 1 to v_trans_in_ssn.
if the user-specified num of trans in BDC session is reached OR
if end of input file is reached, close the BDC session
if v_trans_in_ssn = p_trnssn or
l_tabix = v_lines_in_xcel.
perform bdc_session_close.
clear v_trans_in_ssn.
endif.
endloop.
top-of-page.
call function 'Z_HEADER'
EXPORTING
FLEX_TEXT1 =
FLEX_TEXT2 =
FLEX_TEXT3 =
FORM TRANSFER_XCEL_TO_ITAB *
Transfer Xcel Spreadsheet to SAP Internal Table *
form transfer_xcel_to_itab.
Read the tab-delimited file into itab
call function 'WS_UPLOAD'
exporting
filename = p_name
filetype = 'DAT'
IMPORTING
filelength = flength
tables
data_tab = itab_xcel
exceptions
conversion_error = 1
file_open_error = 2
file_read_error = 3
invalid_table_width = 4
invalid_type = 5
no_batch = 6
unknown_error = 7
others = 8.
if sy-subrc = 0.
sort the data
sort itab_xcel by matnr werks.
clear v_lines_in_xcel.
if no data in the file - error out
describe table itab_xcel lines v_lines_in_xcel.
if v_lines_in_xcel is initial.
write: / 'No data in input file'.
stop.
endif.
else.
if file upload failed - error out
write: / 'Error reading input file'.
stop.
endif.
endform.
FORM BDC_SESSION_OPEN *
Open BDC Session *
form bdc_session_open.
create bdc session name = prefix-from-selectn-screen + nnnn
add 1 to v_ssnnr.
concatenate p_bdcpfx v_ssnnr into v_ssnname.
open new bdc session
call function 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP'
exporting
client = sy-mandt
group = v_ssnname
keep = p_keep
user = p_uname
exceptions
client_invalid = 1
destination_invalid = 2
group_invalid = 3
group_is_locked = 4
holddate_invalid = 5
internal_error = 6
queue_error = 7
running = 8
system_lock_error = 9
user_invalid = 10
others = 11.
endform.
FORM BDC_BUILD_SCRIPT *
Build BDC *
form bdc_build_script.
data: l_arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
l_text1 like mkal-text1,
l_mdv01 like mkal-mdv01,
l_mapl like mapl.
clear bdc-data itab - begin of new bdc transaction
clear itab_bdc_tab.
refresh itab_bdc_tab.
read material cross reference tables to determine sap part#
clear : v_matnr, v_plnnr, v_plnal.
perform read_matnr_cross_ref using itab_xcel-matnr
itab_xcel-werks
changing v_matnr.
determine the version description to use
if itab_xcel-text1 is initial.
l_text1 = itab_xcel-verid.
else.
l_text1 = itab_xcel-text1.
endif.
determine the routing group# and group ctr# to use
perform read_routing .
determine the production line to use
if itab_xcel-mdv01 is initial.
if not provided in the file then:
prod line = work ctr on the last PP04 op of the rtg determined above
perform read_wc_on_last_pp04 using v_plnnr v_plnal
changing l_mdv01.
NOTE: when executing the above form\routine, if v_plnnr is initial
or v_plnal is initial, THEN l_mdv01 will automatically be
returned blank (ie initial)
else.
l_mdv01 = itab_xcel-mdv01.
endif.
build bdc script
perform bdc_build_script_record
fill in initial screen
using: 'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=ENTE',
' ' 'MKAL-WERKS' itab_xcel-werks,
' ' 'MKAL-MATNR' v_matnr,
' ' 'MKAL_ADMIN-DISPO' space,
' ' 'MKAL-PLNNR' space,
' ' 'MKAL_ADMIN-STTAG' space,
' ' 'MKAL-PLNNG' space,
' ' 'MKAL-MDV01' space,
' ' 'MKAL-PLNNM' space,
click create button on initial screen and go to detail screen
'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=CREA',
fill in the detail screen and go back to initial screen
'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '2000',
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=CLOS',
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-MATNR' v_matnr,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-VERID' itab_xcel-verid,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-TEXT1' l_text1,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BSTMI' itab_xcel-bstmi,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BSTMA' itab_xcel-bstma,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ADATU' itab_xcel-adatu,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-BDATU' itab_xcel-bdatu,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-PLTYG' v_plnty,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-PLNNG' v_plnnr,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ALNAG' v_plnal,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-STLAL' itab_xcel-stlal,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-STLAN' itab_xcel-stlan,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-SERKZ' itab_xcel-serkz,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-MDV01' l_mdv01,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ELPRO' itab_xcel-elpro,
' ' 'MKAL_EXPAND-ALORT' itab_xcel-alort,
save the production version from initial screen
'X' 'SAPLCMFV' '1000',
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=SAVE'.
endform.
FORM BDC_SUBMIT_TRANSACTION *
Submit BDC Session *
form bdc_submit_transaction.
Load BDC script as a trqansction in BDC session
call function 'BDC_INSERT'
exporting
tcode = v_tcode
tables
dynprotab = itab_bdc_tab
exceptions
internal_error = 01
not_open = 02
queue_error = 03
tcode_invalid = 04.
endform.
FORM BDC_BUILD_SCRIPT_RECORD *
form bdc_build_script_record using dynbegin name value.
clear itab_bdc_tab.
if dynbegin = 'X'.
move: name to itab_bdc_tab-program,
value to itab_bdc_tab-dynpro,
'X' to itab_bdc_tab-dynbegin.
else.
move: name to itab_bdc_tab-fnam,
value to itab_bdc_tab-fval.
shift itab_bdc_tab-fval left deleting leading space.
endif.
append itab_bdc_tab.
endform.
FORM BDC_SESSION_CLOSE *
Close BDC Session *
form bdc_session_close.
close the session
call function 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP'
exceptions
not_open = 1
queue_error = 2
others = 3.
skip 2.
if sy-subrc ne 0.
write: / 'Error Closing BDC Session ' , 'RETURN CODE: ', sy-subrc.
else.
write : / 'Session created:', v_ssnname,
50 '# of transactions:', v_trans_in_ssn.
endif.
endform.
*& Form read_routing_cache
*FORM read_routing_cache USING pi_matnr
pi_werks
pi_alnag
pi_verid
pi_mdv01.
DATA: BEGIN OF lt_plpo OCCURS 0,
vornr LIKE plpo-vornr,
objty LIKE crhd-objty,
objid LIKE crhd-objid,
arbpl LIKE crhd-arbpl,
END OF lt_plpo,
l_mapl_plnnr LIKE mapl-plnnr.
determine the routing group#
CLEAR lt_pp04_cache.
chk if its in the cache first, if not then get it from MAPL table
and put it in the cache
READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
werks = pi_werks
alnag = pi_alnag.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
do nothing - lt_pp04_cache header line has rtg#
ELSE.
get the routing group # from MAPL
SELECT plnnr INTO l_mapl_plnnr
FROM mapl UP TO 1 ROWS
WHERE matnr = pi_matnr AND
werks = pi_werks AND
plnty = 'R' AND
plnal = pi_alnag AND
loekz = space.
ENDSELECT.
put it in the cache internal table
IF NOT l_mapl_plnnr IS INITIAL.
lt_pp04_cache-matnr = pi_matnr.
lt_pp04_cache-werks = pi_werks.
lt_pp04_cache-alnag = pi_alnag.
lt_pp04_cache-plnnr = l_mapl_plnnr.
APPEND lt_pp04_cache.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
if the rtg# was determined AND
-- the work center was not determined yet AND
-- work center was really needed for this line in the input file
then
-- read the work center from last PP04 operation on the routing
-- update the cache accordingly
IF NOT lt_pp04_cache-plnnr IS INITIAL AND
lt_pp04_cache-arbpl IS INITIAL AND
( pi_verid IS INITIAL OR
pi_mdv01 IS INITIAL ).
read the last PP04 operation
CLEAR lt_plpo.
REFRESH lt_plpo.
SELECT vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE lt_plpo
FROM plas AS b
INNER JOIN plpo AS c
ON bplnty = cplnty AND
bplnnr = cplnnr AND
bzaehl = czaehl
INNER JOIN crhd AS e
ON carbid = eobjid
WHERE b~plnty = v_plnty AND
b~plnnr = lt_pp04_cache-plnnr AND
b~plnal = lt_pp04_cache-alnag AND
c~loekz = space AND
c~steus = v_plpo_steus AND
e~objty = v_objty AND
e~werks = lt_pp04_cache-werks AND
e~verwe = v_verwe.
SORT lt_plpo BY vornr DESCENDING.
READ TABLE lt_plpo INDEX 1.
IF NOT lt_plpo-arbpl IS INITIAL.
lt_pp04_cache-arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
read work center description
SELECT SINGLE ktext INTO lt_pp04_cache-ktext
FROM crtx WHERE objty = lt_plpo-objty AND
objid = lt_plpo-objid AND
spras = sy-langu.
the following read will get the index of the correct record to be
updated in the cache
READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache
WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
werks = pi_werks
alnag = pi_alnag.
MODIFY lt_pp04_cache
INDEX sy-tabix
TRANSPORTING arbpl ktext.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
*ENDFORM. " read_last_pp04_operation_cache
*& Form read_routing
form read_routing.
data: begin of lt_mapl occurs 0,
plnnr like mapl-plnnr,
plnal like mapl-plnal,
end of lt_mapl,
l_arbpl like crhd-arbpl.
get all the rtg# and grp ctr# from MAPL
select plnnr plnal
into corresponding fields of table lt_mapl
from mapl
where matnr = v_matnr and
werks = itab_xcel-werks and
plnty = v_plnty and "Rate Routing
loekz = space. "with del flag = OFF
sort lt_mapl by plnal.
if not itab_xcel-verid is initial.
if the verid=0001 then use the 1st good rtg-grp# and grp-ctr#
if itab_xcel-verid = '0001'.
read table lt_mapl index 1.
v_plnnr = lt_mapl-plnnr.
v_plnal = lt_mapl-plnal.
else.
if the verid0001 then use the rtg-grp# and grp-ctr# of the routing
whose work center on the last PP04 operation matches the given verid
loop at lt_mapl.
clear l_arbpl.
get the work center from the last PP04 operation
perform read_wc_on_last_pp04 using lt_mapl-plnnr
lt_mapl-plnal
changing l_arbpl.
if itab_xcel-verid = l_arbpl.
v_plnnr = lt_mapl-plnnr.
v_plnal = lt_mapl-plnal.
exit.
endif.
endloop.
endif.
else.
do nothing
endif.
For version IDs that are other then '0000' or 'ZWIP' :--
if itab_xcel-verid NE '0000' and
itab_xcel-verid NE 'ZWIP'.
if routing group# or group counter was not determined, make the
valid-to date 99/99/9999 so that the BDC, on execution, errors out.
if v_plnnr is initial or
v_plnal is initial.
itab_xcel-bdatu = '99/99/9999'.
endif.
endif.
determine the routing group#
CLEAR lt_pp04_cache.
chk if its in the cache first, if not then get it from MAPL table
and put it in the cache
READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
werks = pi_werks
alnag = pi_alnag.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
do nothing - lt_pp04_cache header line has rtg#
ELSE.
get the routing group # from MAPL
put it in the cache internal table
IF NOT l_mapl_plnnr IS INITIAL.
lt_pp04_cache-matnr = pi_matnr.
lt_pp04_cache-werks = pi_werks.
lt_pp04_cache-alnag = pi_alnag.
lt_pp04_cache-plnnr = l_mapl_plnnr.
APPEND lt_pp04_cache.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
if the rtg# was determined AND
-- the work center was not determined yet AND
-- work center was really needed for this line in the input file
then
-- read the work center from last PP04 operation on the routing
-- update the cache accordingly
IF NOT lt_pp04_cache-plnnr IS INITIAL AND
lt_pp04_cache-arbpl IS INITIAL AND
( pi_verid IS INITIAL OR
pi_mdv01 IS INITIAL ).
read the last PP04 operation
CLEAR lt_plpo.
REFRESH lt_plpo.
SELECT vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE lt_plpo
FROM plas AS b
INNER JOIN plpo AS c
ON bplnty = cplnty AND
bplnnr = cplnnr AND
bzaehl = czaehl
INNER JOIN crhd AS e
ON carbid = eobjid
WHERE b~plnty = v_plnty AND
b~plnnr = lt_pp04_cache-plnnr AND
b~plnal = lt_pp04_cache-alnag AND
c~loekz = space AND
c~steus = v_plpo_steus AND
e~objty = v_objty AND
e~werks = lt_pp04_cache-werks AND
e~verwe = v_verwe.
SORT lt_plpo BY vornr DESCENDING.
READ TABLE lt_plpo INDEX 1.
IF NOT lt_plpo-arbpl IS INITIAL.
lt_pp04_cache-arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
read work center description
SELECT SINGLE ktext INTO lt_pp04_cache-ktext
FROM crtx WHERE objty = lt_plpo-objty AND
objid = lt_plpo-objid AND
spras = sy-langu.
the following read will get the index of the correct record to be
updated in the cache
READ TABLE lt_pp04_cache
WITH KEY matnr = pi_matnr
werks = pi_werks
alnag = pi_alnag.
MODIFY lt_pp04_cache
INDEX sy-tabix
TRANSPORTING arbpl ktext.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
endform. " read_last_pp04_operation_cache
*& Form read_wc_on_last_pp04
form read_wc_on_last_pp04 using pi_plnnr
pi_plnal
changing pe_arbpl.
data: begin of lt_plpo occurs 0,
vornr like plpo-vornr,
objty like crhd-objty,
objid like crhd-objid,
arbpl like crhd-arbpl,
end of lt_plpo.
get all the PP04 operations for the given rtg# & grp-ctr#
select vornr eobjty eobjid e~arbpl
into corresponding fields of table lt_plpo
from plas as b
inner join plpo as c
on bplnty = cplnty and
bplnnr = cplnnr and
bzaehl = czaehl
inner join crhd as e
on carbid = eobjid
where b~plnty = v_plnty and "Rate Routing
b~plnnr = pi_plnnr and
b~plnal = pi_plnal and
c~loekz = space and "Oper Del Flag = OFF
c~steus = v_plpo_steus and "PP04
e~objty = v_objty. "WC Obj Type = 'A'
read the last operation
sort lt_plpo by vornr descending.
read table lt_plpo index 1.
pe_arbpl = lt_plpo-arbpl.
endform. " read_wc_on_last_pp04
Goto LSMW-> Select Direct Input method in 1st step. These are the standard programs for data transfer.
Otherwise goto SPRO->SAP Reference IMG-> Under this you'll find standard data transfer programs module wise.
Reward points,
Shakir

Difference between Golden Client and Master Client

Dear,
What is the Difference between Golden Client and Master Client?
Thanx & Regards,
Mohammad Nabi,
[email protected]

Golden Client is similar or is the the same as Development Client, which should not be used for testing.
Master Client ???
Note on SAP Landscape:
Landscape is like a server system or like a layout of the servers or some may even call it the architecture of the servers viz. SAP is divided into three different landscape DEV, QAS and PROD.
- DEV would have multiple clients for ex: 190- Sandbox, 100- Golden, 180- Unit Test.
- QAS may again have multiple clients for ex: 300- Integration Test, 700 to 710 Training.
- PROD may have something like a 200 Production.
These names and numbers are the implementer's discreet on how they want it or they have been using in their previous implementations or how is the client's business scenario.
Now whatever you do in the Sandbox doesn't affect the other servers or clients. Whenever you think you are satisfied with your configuration and you think you can use it moving forward, you RE-DO it in the golden client (remember, this is a very neat and clean client and you cannot use it for rough usage). As you re-do everything that you had thought was important and usable, you get a transport request pop up upon saving every time. You save it under a transport request and give your description to it. Thus the configuration is transported to the Unit Test client (180 in this example).
You don't run any transaction or even use the SAP Easy Access screen on the 100 (golden) client. This is a configuration only client. Now upon a successful transport by the Basis guy, you have all the configuration in the Testing client, just as it is in the Golden client. The configuration remains in sync between these two clients.
But in the Testing client you can not even access SPRO (Display IMG) screen. It's a transaction only client where you perform the unit test. Upon a satisfactory unit test, you move the good configuration to the next SERVER (DEV). The incorrect or unsatisfactory configuration is corrected in Golden (may again as well be practised in the sandbox prior to Golden) and accordingly transported back to 180 (Unit Test) until the unit test affected by that particular config is satisfactory.
The Golden client remains the 'database' (if you wanna call it that) or you may rather call it the 'ultimate' reference client for all the good, complete and final configuration that is being used in the implementation.
In summary:
Landscape : is the arrangement for the servers
IDES : is purely for education purpose and is NOT INCLUDED in the landscape.
DEVELOPMENT ---> QUALITY -
> PRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT : is where the the consultants do the customization as per the company's requirement.
QUALITY : is where the core team members and other members test the customization.
PRODUCTION : is where the live data of the company is recorded.
A request will flow from Dev->Qual->Prod and not backwards.
1. Sandbox server: In the initial stages of any implementation project, You are given a sandbox server where you do all the configuration/customization as per the companies business process.
2. Development Server: - Once the BBP gets signed off, the configuration is done is development server and saved in workbench requests, to be transported to Production server.
3. Production Server: This is the last/ most refined client where the user will work after project GO LIVE. Any changes/ new development is done is development client and the request is transported to production.
These three are landscape of any Company. They organized their office in these three way. Developer develops the program in Development server and then transport it to test server. In testing server tester check/test the program and then transport it to Production Server. Later it will deploy to client from production server.
Presentaion Server- Where SAP GUI has.
Application Server - Where SAP Installed.
Database Server - Where Database installed.
Regards,
Rajesh Banka
Reward points if helpful

Difference between 4.6c and 4.7e

1. what is the difference between 4.6c and 4.7e?

Hi,
Commonalities:
SAP 4.7 has all the features such as development workbench, transport management system, monitoring, versioning and business object repository of already existing SAP 4.6C.
Web Application Server6.20 of 4.7 includes all the features of SAP Basis of SAP 4.6C.
Differences:
SAP 4.7 has a more structured approach as compared to SAP 4.6C from a technical perspective. It is based on mySAP.com technology, which is actually the Web Application Server 6.2C. This not only includes SAP Basis Technologies with their latest advancements but also the new features of SAP Web AS 6.20.
SAP 4.7 is more structured even from a functional perspective as this version has been developed after functional and infrastructure developments of earlier SAP R/3 4.6C.
In SAP 4.7 the functional and infrastructure developments are made on separate levels. The functional developments are made in the Enterprise Extensions and infrastructure developments are made in the Enterprise Core unlike SAP 4.6C in which both the developments take place within the systems.
SAP in its Web AS has additional enhancements in the form of package concept, global parameterization with business configuration sets, Unicode compliance and accessibility that are not present in 4.6C.
SAP 4.7 Core supports the above-mentioned enhancements that SAP 4.6C does not.
SAP 4.7 unlike 4.6C has Enterprise Extensions that can be separately deployed and have their own releases.
Commonalities:
- SAP 4.7 has all the features such as development workbench, transport management system, monitoring, versioning and business object repository of already existing SAP 4.6C.
- Web Application Server6.20 of 4.7 includes all the features of SAP Basis of SAP 4.6C.
Differences:
- SAP 4.7 has a more structured approach as compared to SAP 4.6C from a technical perspective. It is based on mySAP.com technology, which is actually the Web Application Server 6.2C. This not only includes SAP Basis Technologies with their latest advancements but also the new features of SAP Web AS 6.20.
- SAP 4.7 is more structured even from a functional perspective as this version has been developed after functional and infrastructure developments of earlier SAP R/3 4.6C.
- In SAP 4.7 the functional and infrastructure developments are made on separate levels. The functional developments are made in the Enterprise Extensions and infrastructure developments are made in the Enterprise Core unlike SAP 4.6C in which both the developments take place within the systems.
- SAP in its Web AS has additional enhancements in the form of package concept, global parameterization with business configuration sets, Unicode compliance and accessibility that are not present in 4.6C.
- SAP 4.7 Core supports the above-mentioned enhancements that SAP 4.6C does not.
- SAP 4.7 unlike 4.6C has Enterprise Extensions that can be separately deployed and have their own releases.
Hope this will help.
Regards
Kiran Sure

Difference between Bucket capacity and Time continuous capacity

Can somebody explain the difference in functionality between "Bucket capacity" and "Time continuous capacity" as used in field "Finite capacity" in "PP/DS bucket capacity" tab in Resource?
How will above above two settings work when you have "Block planning" in "Bucket definition" tab in same tab?
Thanks,
Srini

Hello,
The difference between Bucket capacity and Time continuous capacity are:
Time continuous capacity is basically the capacity which is infinite continuous duration in time and you can define the shift intervals and breaks to adjust as per business process e.g. everyday 8 hrs or 16 hrs capacity with lunch time and breaks in between whereas bucket capacity is a discrete capacity and is specified bucket wise. Bucket capacity can be in PPDS as well as SNP. In PPDS it is used specifically for CDP planning or block planning. In SNP it can be used for bucket capacity references as Transport resources, storage resources , bucket planning etc
With respect to Block Planning:
You maintain the blocks using the entire validity of the available capacity of the resource. If you defined buckets from block planning for validity periods in which no blocks are defined, the buckets correspond to technical intervals in which the system schedules on a time-continuous basis.
You can check out the below link for the Block planning with Bucket capacity:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_scm41/helpdata/en/e5/90bb3b6070bf38e10000000a11402f/content.htm
Hope the information is useful
Regards

Differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP

Hi Friends,
Can any one explain the differences between Procedural ABAP and OOPs ABAP in brief ? pls explain the most important ( atleast 3 or 4 points ). pls don't give me any other links, i will appreciate for good responses... and will be awarded with full points...
Thanks and Regards
Vijaya

Hi
Core ABAP (procedural) works with Event driven, subroutine driven one
OOPS ABAP works on the OOPS concepts like Inheritance, polymorphism,abstraction and encapsulation.
see the doc
ABAP is one of many application-specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. It was originally the report language for SAP R/2, a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichtsaufbereitungsprozessor, the German meaning of "generic report preparation processor", but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs), which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level.
The ABAP programming language was originally used by SAP developers to develop the SAP R/3 platform. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP applications customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. Good programming skills, including knowledge of relational database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts, are required to create ABAP programs.
ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system, which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s, more and more of SAP's applications and systems were written in ABAP. By 2001, all but the most basic functions were written in ABAP. In 1999, SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects, along with R/3 release 4.6.
SAP's most recent development platform, NetWeaver, supports both ABAP and Java.
Implementation
Where does the ABAP Program Run?
All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. They are not stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: source code, which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP workbench, and "compiled" code ("generated" code is the more correct technical term), which is loaded and interpreted by the ABAP runtime system. Code generation happens implicitly when a unit of ABAP code is first invoked. If the source code is changed later or if one of the data objects accessed by the program has changed (e.g. fields were added to a database table), then the code is automatically regenerated.
ABAP programs run in the SAP application server, under control of the runtime system, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements, controlling the flow logic of screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). A key component of the ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface, which turns database-independent ABAP statements ("Open SQL") into statements understood by the underlying DBMS ("Native SQL"). The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs; it also contains extra features such as buffering of frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server.
Basis
Basis sits between ABAP/4 and Operating system.Basis is like an operating system for R/3. It sits between the ABAP/4 code and the computer's operating system. SAP likes to call it middleware because it sits in the middle, between ABAP/4 and the operating system. Basis sits between ABAP/4 and the operating system. ABAP/4 cannot run directly on an operating system. It requires a set of programs (collectively called Basis) to load, interpret, and buffer its input and output. Basis, in some respects, is like the Windows environment. Windows starts up, and while running it provides an environment in which Windows programs can run. Without Windows, programs written for the Windows environment cannot run. Basis is to ABAP/4 programs as Windows is to Windows programs. Basis provides the runtime environment for ABAP/4 programs. Without Basis, ABAP/4 programs cannot run. When the operator starts up R/3, you can think of him as starting up Basis. Basis is a collection of R/3 system programs that present you with an interface. Using this interface the user can start ABAP/4 programs. To install Basis, an installer runs the program r3inst at the command-prompt level of the operating system. Like most installs, this creates a directory structure and copies a set of executables into it. These executables taken together as a unit form Basis.
To start up the R/3 system, the operator enters the startsap command. The Basis executables start up and stay running, accepting requests from the user to run ABAP/4 programs.
ABAP/4 programs run within the protective Basis environment; they are not executables that run on the operating system. Instead, Basis reads ABAP/4 code and interprets it into operating system instructions. ABAP/4 programs do not access operating system functions directly. Instead, they use Basis functions to perform file I/O and display data in windows. This level of isolation from the operating system enables ABAP/4 programs to be ported without modification to any system that supports R/3. This buffering is built right into the ABAP/4 language itself and is actually totally transparent to the programmer.
Basis makes ABAP/4 programs portable. The platforms that R/3 can run on are shown in Table. For example, if you write an ABAP/4 program on Digital UNIX with an Informix database and an OSF/Motif interface, that same program should run without modification on a Windows NT machine with an Oracle database and a Windows 95 interface. Or, it could run on an AS/400 with a DB2 database using OS/2 as the front-end.
SAP also provides a suite of tools for administering the Basis system. These tools perform tasks such as system performance monitoring, configuration, and system maintenance. To access the Basis administration tools from the main menu, choose the path Tools->Administration.
Platforms and Databases Supported by R/3
Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front-Ends Supported Databases
AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/95/NT DB2 for AIX
SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF/Motif Informix-Online
Digital-UNIX Bull OS/2 Oracle 7.1
Windows NT AT&T Compaq Win 3.1/95/NT Oracle 7.1
Bull/Zenith OSF/Motif SQL Server 6.0
HP (Intel) SNI OS/2 ADABAS D
OS/400 AS/400 Win95 OS/2 DB2/400
SAP Systems and Landscapes
All SAP data exists and all SAP software runs in the context of an SAP system. A system consists of a central relational database and one or more application servers ("instances") accessing the data and programs in this database. A SAP system contains at least one instance but may contain more, mostly for reasons of sizing and performance. In a system with multiple instances, load balancing mechanisms ensure that the load is spread evenly over the available application servers.
Installations of the Web Application Server (landscapes) typically consist of three systems: one for development, one for testing and quality assurance, and one for production. The landscape may contain more systems, e.g. separate systems for unit testing and pre-production testing, or it may contain fewer, e.g. only development and production, without separate QA; nevertheless three is the most common configuration. ABAP programs are created and undergo first testing in the development system. Afterwards they are distributed to the other systems in the landscape. These actions take place under control of the Change and Transport System (CTS), which is responsible for concurrency control (e.g. preventing two developers from changing the same code at the same time), version management and deployment of programs on the QA and production systems.
The Web Application Server consists of three layers: the database layer, the application layer and the presentation layer. These layers may run on the same or on different physical machines. The database layer contains the relational database and the database software. The application layer contains the instance or instances of the system. All application processes, including the business transactions and the ABAP development, run on the application layer. The presentation layer handles the interaction with users of the system. Online access to ABAP application servers can go via a proprietary graphical interface, the SAPGUI, or via a Web browser.
Transactions
We call an execution of an ABAP program using a transaction code a transaction. There are dialog, report, parameter, variant, and as of release 6.10, OO transactions. A transaction is started by entering the transaction code in the input field on the standard toolbar, or by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION or LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction.
A transaction code is simply a twenty-character name connected with a Dynpro, another transaction code, or, as of release 6.10, a method of an ABAP program. Transaction codes linked with Dynpros are possible for executable programs, module pools, and function groups. Parameter transactions and variant transactions are linked with other transaction codes. Transaction codes that are linked with methods are allowed for all program types that can contain methods. Transaction codes are maintained in transaction SE93.
So, a transaction is nothing more than the SAP way of program executionbut why is it called transaction? ABAP is a language for business applications and the most important features of business applications were and still are are transactions. Since in the early days of SAP, the execution of a program often meant the same thing as carrying out a business transaction, the terms transaction and transaction code were chosen for program execution. But never mix up the technical meaning of a transaction with business transactions. For business transactions, it is the term LUW (Logical Unit of Work) that counts. And during one transaction (program execution), there can be many different LUWs.
Lets have a look at the different kind of transactions:
Dialog Transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
Parameter Transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
Variant Transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
Report Transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITmore to come on that.
OO Transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
Types of ABAP programs
In ABAP, there are two different types of programs:
Report programs(Executable pools)
A Sample ReportReport programs AKA Executable pools follow a relatively simple programming model whereby a user optionally enters a set of parameters (e.g. a selection over a subset of data) and the program then uses the input parameters to produce a report in the form of an interactive list. The output from the report program is interactive because it is not a passive display; instead it enables the user, through ABAP language constructs, to obtain a more detailed view on specific data records via drill-down functions, or to invoke further processing through menu commands, for instance to sort the data in a different way or to filter the data according to selection criteria. This method of presenting reports has great advantages for users who must deal with large quantities of information and must also have the ability to examine this information in highly flexible ways, without being constrained by the rigid formatting or unmanageable size of "listing-like" reports. The ease with which such interactive reports can be developed is one of the most striking features of the ABAP language.
The term "report" is somewhat misleading in the sense that it is also possible to create report programs that modify the data in the underlying database instead of simply reading it.
A customized screen created using Screen Painter,which is one of the tool available in ABAP workbench(T-code = SE51).
Online programs
Online programs (also called module pools) do not produce lists. These programs define more complex patterns of user interaction using a collection of screens. The term screen refers to the actual, physical image that the users sees. Each screen also has a flow logic; this refers to the ABAP code invoked by the screens, i.e. the logic that initializes screens, responds to a users requests and controls the sequence between the screens of a module pool. Each screen has its own Flow Logic, which is divided into a "PBO" (Process Before Output) and "PAI" (Process After Input) section. In SAP documentation the term dynpro (dynamic program) refers to the combination of the screen and its Flow Logic.
Online programs are not invoked directly by their name, but are associated with a transaction code. Users can then invoke them through customizable, role-dependent, transaction menus.
Apart from reports and online programs, it is also possible to develop sharable code units such as class libraries, function libraries and subroutine pools.
Subroutine Pools
Subroutine pools, as the name implies, were created to contain selections of subroutines that can be called externally from other programs. Before release 6.10, this was the only way subroutine pools could be used. But besides subroutines, subroutine pools can also contain local classes and interfaces. As of release 6.10, you can connect transaction codes to methods. Therefore, you can now also call subroutine pools via transaction codes. This is the closest to a Java program you can get in ABAP: a subroutine pool with a class containing a method say main connected to a transaction code!
Type Pools
Type pools are the precursors to general type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. Before release 4.0, only elementary data types and flat structures could be defined in the ABAP Dictionary. All other types that shouldve been generally available had to be defined with TYPES in type pools. As of release 4.0, type pools were only necessary for constants. As of release 6.40, constants can be declared in the public sections of global classes and type pools can be replaced by global classes.
Class Pools
Class pools serve as containers for exactly one global class. Besides the global class, they can contain global types and local classes/interfaces to be used in the global class. A class pool is loaded into memory by using one of its components. For example, a public method can be called from any ABAP program or via a transaction code connected to the method. You maintain class pools in the class builder.
Interface Pools
Interface pools serve as containers for exactly one global interfacenothing more and nothing less. You use an interface pool by implementing its interface in classes and by creating reference variables with the type of its interface. You maintain interface pools in the class builder.
ABAP Workbench
The ABAP Workbench contains different tools for editing Repository objects. These tools provide you with a wide range of assistance that covers the entire software development cycle. The most important tools for creating and editing Repository objects are:
ABAP Editor for writing and editing program code
ABAP Dictionary for processing database table definitions and retrieving global types
Menu Painter for designing the user interface (menu bar, standard toolbar, application toolbar, function key assignment)
Screen Painter for designing screens (dynamic programs) for user dialogs
Function Builder for displaying and processing function modules (routines with defined interfaces that are available throughout the system)
Class Builder for displaying and processing ABAP Objects classes
The ABAP Dictionary
Enforces data integrity
Manages data definitions without redundancy
Is tightly integrated with the rest of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench.
Enforcing data integrity is the process of ensuring that data entered into the system is logical, complete, and consistent. When data integrity rules are defined in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, the system automatically prevents the entry of invalid data. Defining the data integrity rules at the dictionary level means they only have to be defined once, rather than in each program that accesses that data.
The following are examples of data lacking integrity:
A date field with a month value of 13
An order assigned to a customer number that doesnt exist
An order not assigned to a customer
Managing data definitions without redundancy is the process of linking similar information to the same data definition. For example, a customer database is likely to contain a customers ID number in several places. The ABAP Dictionary provides the capability of defining the characteristics of a customer ID number in only one place. That central definition then can be used for each instance of a customer ID number.
The ABAP Dictionarys integration with the rest of the development environment enables ABAP programs to automatically recognize the names and characteristics of dictionary objects.
Additionally, the system provides easy navigation between development objects and dictionary definitions. For example, as a programmer, you can double-click on the name of a dictionary object in your program code, and the system will take you directly to the definition of that object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary.
When a dictionary object is changed, a program that references the changed object will automatically reference the new version the next time the program runs. Because ABAP is interpreted, it is not necessary to recompile programs that reference changed dictionary objects.
ABAP Syntax
The syntax of the ABAP programming language consists of the following elements:
Statements
An ABAP program consists of individual ABAP statements. Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period.
"Hello World" PROGRAM
WRITE 'Hello World'.
This example contains two statements, one on each line. The keywords are PROGRAM and WRITE. The program displays a list on the screen. In this case, the list consists of the line "My First Program".
The keyword determines the category of the statement. For an overview of the different categories, refer to ABAP Statements.
Formatting ABAP Statements
ABAP has no format restrictions. You can enter statements in any format, so a statement can be indented, you can write several statements on one line, or spread a single statement over several lines.
You must separate words within a statement with at least one space. The system also interprets the end of line marker as a space.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This is a statement'.
could also be written as follows:
PROGRAM TEST. WRITE 'This is a statement'.
or as follows:
PROGRAM
TEST.
WRITE
'This is a statement'.
Use this free formatting to make your programs easier to understand.
Special Case: Text Literals
Text literals are sequences of alphanumeric characters in the program code that are enclosed in quotation marks. If a text literal in an ABAP statement extends across more than one line, the following difficulties can occur:
All spaces between the quotation marks are interpreted as belonging to the text literal. Letters in text literals in a line that is not concluded with quotation marks are interpreted by the editor as uppercase. If you want to enter text literals that do not fit into a single line, you can use the & character to combine a succession of text literals into a single one.
The program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This
is
a statement'.
inserts all spaces between the quotation marks into the literal, and converts the letters to uppercase.
This program fragment
PROGRAM TEST.
WRITE 'This' &
' is ' &
'a statement'.
combines three text literals into one.
Chained Statements
The ABAP programming language allows you to concatenate consecutive statements with an identical first part into a chain statement.
To concatenate a sequence of separate statements, write the identical part only once and place a colon ( after it. After the colon, write the remaining parts of the individual statements, separating them with commas. Ensure that you place a period (.) after the last part to inform the system where the chain ends.
Statement sequence:
WRITE SPFLI-CITYFROM.
WRITE SPFLI-CITYTO.
WRITE SPFLI-AIRPTO.
Chain statement:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM, SPFLI-CITYTO, SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In the chain, a colon separates the beginning of the statement from the variable parts. After the colon or commas, you can insert any number of spaces.
You could, for example, write the same statement like this:
WRITE: SPFLI-CITYFROM,
SPFLI-CITYTO,
SPFLI-AIRPTO.
In a chain statement, the first part (before the colon) is not limited to the keyword of the statements.
Statement sequence:
SUM = SUM + 1.
SUM = SUM + 2.
SUM = SUM + 3.
SUM = SUM + 4.
Chain statement:
SUM = SUM + : 1, 2, 3, 4.
Comments
Comments are texts that you can write between the statements of your ABAP program to explain their purpose to a reader. Comments are distinguished by the preceding signs * (at the beginning of a line) and " (at any position in a line). If you want the entire line to be a comment, enter an asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line. The system then ignores the entire line when it generates the program. If you want part of a line to be a comment, enter a double quotation mark (") before the comment. The system interprets comments indicated by double quotation marks as spaces.
PROGRAM SAPMTEST *
WRITTEN BY KARL BYTE, 06/27/1995 *
LAST CHANGED BY RITA DIGIT, 10/01/1995 *
TASK: DEMONSTRATION *
PROGRAM SAPMTEST.
DECLARATIONS *
DATA: FLAG " GLOBAL FLAG
NUMBER TYPE I " COUNTER
PROCESSING BLOCKS *
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP OBJECTS
Object orientation in ABAP is an extension of the ABAP language that makes available the advantages of object-oriented programming, such as encapsulation, interfaces, and inheritance. This helps to simplify applications and make them more controllable.
ABAP Objects is fully compatible with the existing language, so you can use existing statements and modularization units in programs that use ABAP Objects, and can also use ABAP Objects in existing ABAP programs.
ABAP Statements an Overview
The first element of an ABAP statement is the ABAP keyword. This determines the category of the statement. The different statement categories are as follows:
Declarative Statements
These statements define data types or declare data objects which are used by the other statements in a program or routine. The collected declarative statements in a program or routine make up its declaration part.
Examples of declarative keywords:
TYPES, DATA, TABLES
Modularization Statements
These statements define the processing blocks in an ABAP program.
The modularization keywords can be further divided into:
· Defining keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define subroutines, function modules, dialog modules and methods. You conclude these processing blocks using the END statements.
Examples of definitive keywords:
METHOD ... ENDMETHOD, FUNCTION ... ENDFUNCTION, MODULE ... ENDMODULE.
· Event keywords
You use statements containing these keywords to define event blocks. There are no special statements to conclude processing blocks - they end when the next processing block is introduced.
Examples of event key words:
AT SELECTION SCREEN, START-OF-SELECTION, AT USER-COMMAND
Control Statements
You use these statements to control the flow of an ABAP program within a processing block according to certain conditions.
Examples of control keywords:
IF, WHILE, CASE
Call Statements
You use these statements to call processing blocks that you have already defined using modularization statements. The blocks you call can either be in the same ABAP program or in a different program.
Examples of call keywords:
CALL METHOD, CALL TRANSACTION, SUBMIT, LEAVE TO
Operational Statements These keywords process the data that you have defined using declarative statements.
Examples of operational keywords:
MOVE, ADD
Unique Concept of Internal Table in ABAP
Internal tables provide a means of taking data from a fixed structure and storing it in working memory in ABAP. The data is stored line by line in memory, and each line has the same structure. In ABAP, internal tables fulfill the function of arrays. Since they are dynamic data objects, they save the programmer the task of dynamic memory management in his or her programs. You should use internal tables whenever you want to process a dataset with a fixed structure within a program. A particularly important use for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures in an ABAP program.
Like all elements in the ABAP type concept, internal tables can exist both as data types and as data objects A data type is the abstract description of an internal table, either in a program or centrally in the ABAP Dictionary, that you use to create a concrete data object. The data type is also an attribute of an existing data object.
Internal Tables as Data Types
Internal tables and structures are the two structured data types in ABAP. The data type of an internal table is fully specified by its line type, key, and table type.
Line type
The line type of an internal table can be any data type. The data type of an internal table is normally a structure. Each component of the structure is a column in the internal table. However, the line type may also be elementary or another internal table.
Key
The key identifies table rows. There are two kinds of key for internal tables - the standard key and a user-defined key. You can specify whether the key should be UNIQUE or NON-UNIQUE. Internal tables with a unique key cannot contain duplicate entries. The uniqueness depends on the table access method.
If a table has a structured line type, its default key consists of all of its non-numerical columns that are not references or themselves internal tables. If a table has an elementary line type, the default key is the entire line. The default key of an internal table whose line type is an internal table, the default key is empty.
The user-defined key can contain any columns of the internal table that are not references or themselves internal tables. Internal tables with a user-defined key are called key tables. When you define the key, the sequence of the key fields is significant. You should remember this, for example, if you intend to sort the table according to the key.
Table type
The table type determines how ABAP will access individual table entries. Internal tables can be divided into three types:
Standard tables have an internal linear index. From a particular size upwards, the indexes of internal tables are administered as trees. In this case, the index administration overhead increases in logarithmic and not linear relation to the number of lines. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is proportional to the number of entries in the table. The key of a standard table is always non-unique. You cannot specify a unique key. This means that standard tables can always be filled very quickly, since the system does not have to check whether there are already existing entries.
Sorted tables are always saved sorted by the key. They also have an internal index. The system can access records either by using the table index or the key. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system uses a binary search. The key of a sorted table can be either unique or non-unique. When you define the table, you must specify whether the key is to be unique or not. Standard tables and sorted tables are known generically as index tables.
Hashed tables have no linear index. You can only access a hashed table using its key. The response time is independent of the number of table entries, and is constant, since the system access the table entries using a hash algorithm. The key of a hashed table must be unique. When you define the table, you must specify the key as UNIQUE.
Generic Internal Tables
Unlike other local data types in programs, you do not have to specify the data type of an internal table fully. Instead, you can specify a generic construction, that is, the key or key and line type of an internal table data type may remain unspecified. You can use generic internal tables to specify the types of field symbols and the interface parameters of procedures . You cannot use them to declare data objects.
Internal Tables as Dynamic Data Objects
Data objects that are defined either with the data type of an internal table, or directly as an internal table, are always fully defined in respect of their line type, key and access method. However, the number of lines is not fixed. Thus internal tables are dynamic data objects, since they can contain any number of lines of a particular type. The only restriction on the number of lines an internal table may contain are the limits of your system installation. The maximum memory that can be occupied by an internal table (including its internal administration) is 2 gigabytes. A more realistic figure is up to 500 megabytes. An additional restriction for hashed tables is that they may not contain more than 2 million entries. The line types of internal tables can be any ABAP data types - elementary, structured, or internal tables. The individual lines of an internal table are called table lines or table entries. Each component of a structured line is called a column in the internal table.
Choosing a Table Type
The table type (and particularly the access method) that you will use depends on how the typical internal table operations will be most frequently executed.
Standard tables
This is the most appropriate type if you are going to address the individual table entries using the index. Index access is the quickest possible access. You should fill a standard table by appending lines (ABAP APPEND statement), and read, modify and delete entries by specifying the index (INDEX option with the relevant ABAP command). The access time for a standard table increases in a linear relationship with the number of table entries. If you need key access, standard tables are particularly useful if you can fill and process the table in separate steps. For example, you could fill the table by appending entries, and then sort it. If you use the binary search option with key access, the response time is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries.
Sorted tables
This is the most appropriate type if you need a table which is sorted as you fill it. You fill sorted tables using the INSERT statement. Entries are inserted according to the sort sequence defined through the table key. Any illegal entries are recognized as soon as you try to add them to the table. The response time for key access is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries, since the system always uses a binary search. Sorted tables are particularly useful for partially sequential processing in a LOOP if you specify the beginning of the table key in the WHERE condition.
Hashed tables
This is the most appropriate type for any table where the main operation is key access. You cannot access a hashed table using its index. The response time for key access remains constant, regardless of the number of table entries. Like database tables, hashed tables always have a unique key. Hashed tables are useful if you want to construct and use an internal table which resembles a database table or for processing large amounts of data.
Advanced Topics
Batch Input: Concepts
Processing Sessions
The above figure shows how a batch input session works.A batch input session is a set of one or more calls to transactions along with the data to be processed by the transactions. The system normally executes the transactions in a session non-interactively, allowing rapid entry of bulk data into an R/3 System.
A session records transactions and data in a special format that can be interpreted by the R/3 System. When the System reads a session, it uses the data in the session to simulate on-line entry of transactions and data. The System can call transactions and enter data using most of the facilities that are available to interactive users.
For example, the data that a session enters into transaction screens is subject to the same consistency checking as in normal interactive operation. Further, batch input sessions are subject to the user-based authorization checking that is performed by the system.
Advantages of ABAP over Contemporary languages
ABAP Objects offers a number of advantages, even if you want to continue using procedural programming. If you want to use new ABAP features, you have to use object-oriented interfaces anyway.
Sharing Data: With ABAP shared objects, you can aggregate data once at a central location and the different users and programs can then access this data without the need for copying.
Exception Handling: With the class-based exception concept of ABAP, you can define a special control flow for a specific error situation and provide the user with information about the error.
Developing Persistency: For permanent storage of data in ABAP, you use relational database tables by means of database-independent Open SQL, which is integrated in ABAP. However, you can also store selected objects transparently or access the integrated database or other databases using proprietary SQL.
Connectivity and Interoperability: The Exchange Infrastructure and Web services are the means by which developers can implement a service-oriented architecture. With Web services, you can provide and consume services independently of implementation or protocol. Furthermore, you can do so within NetWeaver and in the communication with other systems. With the features of the Exchange Infrastructure, you can enable, manage, and adapt integration scenarios between systems.
Making Enhancements: With the Enhancement Framework, you can enhance programs, function modules, and global classes without modification as well as replace existing code. The Switch Framework enables you activate only specific development objects or enhancements in a system.
Considerable Aspects
It follows a list of aspects to be considered during development. The list of course is not complete.
Dynpro persistence
When implementing dynpros one has to care for himself to read out and persist the necessary fields. Recently it happened to me that I forgot to include a field into the UPDATE-clause which is an error not so easy to uncover if you have other problems to be solved in the same package. Here, tool-support or built-in mechanisms would help.
The developer could help himself out by creating something like a document containing a cookbook or guide in which parts of a dynpro logic one has to care about persistence. With that at hand, it would be quite easy finding those bugs in short time. Maybe a report scanning for the definition of the dynpro fields to be persisted could scan the code automatically, too.
Memory Cache
It should be common-sense that avoiding select-statements onto the database helps reducing the server load. For that the programmer either can resort to function modules if available. This maybe is the case for important tables. Or the programmer needs to implement his own logic using internal tables. Here, the standard software package could provide the developer with a tool or a mechanism auto-generating memory cached tables resp. function modules implementing this.
Sometimes buffering of database tables could be used, if applicable. But that would require an effort in customizing the system and could drain down system performance overall, especially if a table is involved that has a central role.
Interfaces
It should be noticed that some function modules available have an incomplete interface. That means, the interface does not include all parameters evaluated by the logic of the function module. For example, global variables from within the function group could be read out, which cannot be influenced by the general caller. Or memory parameters are used internally to feed the logic with further information.
One workaround here would be copying the relevant parts of the logic to a newly created function module and then adapt it to the own context. This sometimes is possible, maybe if the copied code is not too lengthy and only a few or no calls to other logic is part of it.
A modification of the SAP code could be considered, if the modification itself is unavoidable (or another solution would be not justifiable by estimated effort to spend on it) and if the location of the modification seems quite safe against future upgrades or hot fixes. The latter is something that could be evaluated by contacting the SAP hotline or working with OSS message (searching thru existing one, perhaps open a new one).
Example
'From SAP NetWeaver:'
set an exclusive lock at level object-type & object-id
IF NOT lf_bapi_error = true.
IF ( NOT istourhd-doc_type IS INITIAL ) AND
( NOT istourhd-doc_id IS INITIAL )
CALL FUNCTION 'ENQUEUE_/DSD/E_HH_RAREF'
EXPORTING
obj_typ = istourhd-doc_type
obj_id = istourhd-doc_id
EXCEPTIONS
foreign_lock = 1
system_failure = 2
OTHERS = 3.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
terminate processing...
lf_bapi_error = true.
...and add message to return table
PERFORM set_msg_to_bapiret2
USING sy-msgid gc_abort sy-msgno
sy-msgv1 sy-msgv2 sy-msgv3 sy-msgv4
gc_istourhd gc_enqueue_refdoc space
CHANGING lt_return.
ENDIF.
ENDIF.
ENDIF. " bapi error
Example Report(Type - ALV(Advanced List Viewer))
REPORT Z_ALV_SIMPLE_EXAMPLE_WITH_ITAB .
*Simple example to use ALV and to define the ALV data in an internal
*table
*data definition
tables:
marav. "Table MARA and table MAKT
Data to be displayed in ALV
Using the following syntax, REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE can auto-
matically determine the fieldstructure from this source program
Data:
begin of imat occurs 100,
matnr like marav-matnr, "Material number
maktx like marav-maktx, "Material short text
matkl like marav-matkl, "Material group (so you can test to make
" intermediate sums)
ntgew like marav-ntgew, "Net weight, numeric field (so you can test to
"make sums)
gewei like marav-gewei, "weight unit (just to be complete)
end of imat.
Other data needed
field to store report name
data i_repid like sy-repid.
field to check table length
data i_lines like sy-tabix.
Data for ALV display
TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
data int_fcat type SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
select-options:
s_matnr for marav-matnr matchcode object MAT1.
start-of-selection.
read data into table imat
select * from marav
into corresponding fields of table imat
where
matnr in s_matnr.
Check if material was found
clear i_lines.
describe table imat lines i_lines.
if i_lines lt 1.
Using hardcoded write here for easy upload
write: /
'No materials found.'.
exit.
endif.
end-of-selection.
To use ALV, we need a DDIC-structure or a thing called Fieldcatalogue.
The fieldcatalouge can be generated by FUNCTION
'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE' from an internal table from any
report source, including this report.
Store report name
i_repid = sy-repid.
Create Fieldcatalogue from internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'
EXPORTING
I_PROGRAM_NAME = i_repid
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME = 'IMAT' "capital letters!
I_INCLNAME = i_repid
CHANGING
CT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
EXCEPTIONS
INCONSISTENT_INTERFACE = 1
PROGRAM_ERROR = 2
OTHERS = 3.
*explanations:
I_PROGRAM_NAME is the program which calls this function
I_INTERNAL_TABNAME is the name of the internal table which you want
to display in ALV
I_INCLNAME is the ABAP-source where the internal table is defined
(DATA....)
CT_FIELDCAT contains the Fieldcatalouge that we need later for
ALV display
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE'.
ENDIF.
*This was the fieldcatlogue
Call for ALV list display
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = i_repid
IT_FIELDCAT = int_fcat
TABLES
T_OUTTAB = imat
EXCEPTIONS
PROGRAM_ERROR = 1
OTHERS = 2.
*explanations:
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM is the program which calls this function
IT_FIELDCAT (just made by REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE) contains
now the data definition needed for display
I_SAVE allows the user to save his own layouts
T_OUTTAB contains the data to be displayed in ALV
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
write: /
'Returncode',
sy-subrc,
'from FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'.
ENDIF.
OOPs ABAP uses Classes and Interfaces which uses Methods and events.
If you have Java skills it is advantage for you.
There are Local classes as well as Global Classes.
Local classes we can work in SE38 straight away.
But mostly it is better to use the Global classes.
Global Classes or Interfaces are to be created in SE24.
SAP already given some predefined classes and Interfaces.
This OOPS concepts very useful for writing BADI's also.
So first create a class in SE 24.
Define attributes, Methods for that class.
Define parameters for that Method.
You can define event handlers also to handle the messages.
After creation in each method write the code.
Methods are similar to ABAP PERFORM -FORM statements.
After the creation of CLass and methods come to SE38 and create the program.
In the program create a object type ref to that class and with the help of that Object call the methods of that Class and display the data.
Regards
Anji

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