Do I understand WDS correctly?

Hi all..
Ok, i've been trying to get WDS working with my WLSE.
I'm not sure if I understand correctly.. our laptop clients currently authenticate via another system but I have a WLSE which I want to use to manage the radio network, signal strength/stats/etc.
Am I right in thinking that the main WDS AP needs to authenticate with Radius via the WLSE before all the AP's will start sending data to the WDS and then to the WLSE? :((
I've got my Radius server configured on the WDS access point and the other APs are seeing it, as when I issue the "show wlccp wds ap" command I get the following:
WIG-ap01#sh wlccp wds ap
MAC-ADDR IP-ADDR STATE LIFETIME
0013.6086.2ced 192.168.94.3 AUTH IN PROGRESS -
0012.80fd.0790 192.168.94.14 AUTH IN PROGRESS -
0013.6086.2cb2 192.168.94.2 AUTH IN PROGRESS -
0012.d922.a237 192.168.94.11 AUTH IN PROGRESS -
I cannot get it any further than "AUTH IN PROGRESS"
Here is some of the Radius config on the WDS AP
aaa group server radius iauth01
server <IP ADD REMOVED> auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646
aaa group server radius rad_mac
aaa group server radius rad_admin
aaa group server tacacs+ tac_admin
aaa group server radius rad_pmip
aaa group server radius dummy
aaa group server radius rad_eap
aaa group server radius rad_acct
aaa authentication login eap_methods group rad_eap
aaa authentication login mac_methods local
aaa authentication login method_iauth01 group iauth01
aaa authorization exec default local
aaa authorization ipmobile default group rad_pmip
aaa accounting network acct_methods start-stop group rad_acct
aaa session-id common
dot11 network-map
negated
radius-server host <IP removed> auth-port 1645 acct-port 1646 key xxxx
radius-server timeout 30
radius-server attribute 32 include-in-access-req format %h
radius-server authorization permit missing Service-Type
radius-server vsa send accounting
bridge 1 route ip
wlccp authentication-server infrastructure method_iauth01
wlccp wds priority 128 interface BVI1
wlccp wnm ip address <ip removed>
Please help, I know im a n00b.. but the lack of documentation with this is really screwing me.
Thanks
Tim

Thanks for the replies guys..
I've managed to get it to send stuff to the radius server which also authenticates with the AD, however the radius server is rejecting me because im using a "unknown authentication type" its windows radius server.
My friend has double checked my config on my AP's and Radius and WDS is setup fine.. we are wondering if you use a standard radius server? or does it have to be a Cisco ACS or a AP with the local radius server running...
Many thanks
Tim

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Theatrically this could work with all h.264 streaming content you might find when browsing the web or even from app players like ABC, Comcast and ATT U-verse.
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Trying to understand WDS

Hi all,
I'm using three AirPort Extremes to form a WDS. For the sake of brevity, I'll abbreviate their function and MAC addresses as:
Main14
Relay07
Remote2C
All three airports are run in Bridge mode.
Main14 is at the north end of my home. It is connected by ethernet cable to my DLink router. Main14 is set up as the WDS Main and it has been told that there are two remotes, Relay07 and Remote2C.
Relay07 is at the south end of my home. It has been told that the main WDS is Main14 and that there is one remote, Remote2C.
Remote 2C is in an outbuilding south of my home. It has been told that the WDS main is Main14.
I'm puzzled by two things:
1) If I pick up my MacBook, fire up Airport Utility and open three config windows, one for each Airport, and click the wireless client option so I can see what clients are being served by each Airport, and beginning at the north end of my home, I start walking south. When I'm next to the main WDS, I see that Main14 is serving the MacBook at a 54 rate. As I walk away from the main toward the relay (and even further south, the remote), the rate drops. I walk past the relay and the rate to the main keeps dropping. I get out to the outbuilding and I see the MacBook transfer from the main to the remote, Remote2C, and the rate goes back up to 54. The MacBook never transfers to the relay. Why not?
2) Going back to Airport Utility, and again with windows open for each Airport and looking at wireless clients, I can see the three Airports talking to each other. As a typical example,
Main14 sees client Relay07 at rate 11 and also sees client Remote2C at rate 1.
Relay07 sees client Main14 at rate 54 and also sees client Remote2C at rate -1.
Remote2C sees client Main14 at rate 18, but does not see Relay07 at all.
I don't understand two things here. Why doesn't Remote2C see Relay07 as a client? The relay is much closer to the remote than it is to the main. Second, how are any two units talking to EACH OTHER at different rates? If Main14 is talking to Relay07 at 11, shouldn't Relay07 be talking to Main14 at the same rate? But it isn't; Relay07 is talking to Main14 at 54. This doesn't make sense to me.
The practical reason I'm asking this, beyond simply trying to understand how the WDS works, is that my wireless connection in the outbuilding is very erratic. One moment I've got a full strength connection, the next I'm utterly disconnected. So I'm guessing that something isn't quite right here. But I don't know what, and I don't really understand how the system is working, so troubleshooting is a bit of a challenge.
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-brian

Hi Brian,
I'm having exactly the same problem, with the slight difference that I'm living in a flat and that the distance between WDS main and WDS relay is 4 meters (with direct line of sight) and the distance between WDS relay and WDS remote is 5 meters... My flat is built around an 'L' shaped corridor with main, relay and remote being each at one point of the 'L'.
Tried also to scan for used channels and took one of the free ones.
Can anybody help?
Thanks,
Buebeli

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Does this all agree with consensus?
I'm fairly unhappy at the moment. Of course I anticipated making a general switch to OSX when I purchased the MacBook 2 weeks ago, however I still have quite a few Windows apps which I intend to use extensively in the future, games included. The prospect of using this thing without a power cord in XP seems unrealistic, because I can't imagine the power settings are at all finely tuned, instead first impressions leave me thinking things are quite crude in Windows -- far from the easy dual operability that Apple had me believe.
Any suggestions or responses to my ravings would be appreciated.

Thanks for the post. The issue I have with smcfancontrol (and I assume others do as well) is a)you have to start in OSX before booting to Windows to set the fan speed, and b) this isn't a very responsive solution, in that the computer isn't choosing the ideal fan speed based on temperatures, rather a program has set a minimum fan speed regardless of what the temps are from one point to another. I believe I have this correct with smcfancontrol, but if I'm mistaken, please, someone, correct me. I remain incredulous, because perhaps the main advantage of owning a laptop -- portability -- is rendered null because I can expect little more than 1 hour of very dry use in XP as a result of what I can only assume to be poor power management and rather clumsy fan/temperature control from the current Boot Camp drivers.
Message was edited by: MacAdamy
Message was edited by: MacAdamy

Am I understanding SoftReferences correctly?

I have browsed the forum archives and various articles on SoftReference and garbage collection, but I'm not 100% sure I'm getting it.
I am trying to set up a primitive cache system for holding List<Double> objects that are retrieved from a database. I am planning on storing them in a Map<Integer, SoftReference<List<Double>>>, with the key serving as a permanent ID to lookup the appropriate list.
If my cache gives out a reference to the List<Double>, my understanding is that the List<Double> cannot be collected as long as that reference persists. What I am unsure of is whether the List<Double> could be collected if I only gave out a reference to one of the Double objects in the list. From what I've read, my hunch is that the answer is yes... could someone please tell me if I am correct?
Many thanks!
Edit: strange... the ">" bracket after SoftReference in my message is not visible in the editable text version

If my cache gives out a reference to the
List<Double>, my understanding is that the
List<Double> cannot be collected as long as that
reference persists. You are correct. If the program has a strong reference to the list, then the list won't be eligible for collection.
What I am unsure of is whether
the List<Double> could be collected if I only gave
out a reference to one of the Double objects in the
list. From what I've read, my hunch is that the
answer is yes... Again correct. The soft reference points to the list. If you give out a reference to something in the list, then there's no hard reference to the list, and it's eligible for collection.
Side comment: unless your lists are relatively large (a few thousand items or more), and you have a lot of them, then soft references really won't buy you much. For small objects, I've found that a fixed-size LRU cache was a better solution.

I am understanding this correctly?

Hi All
I've been unable to confirm this in the color manual:
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In the Decomposition Rules.
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Not understanding variables correctly

Hello All
I am having trouble with my variables. How do I int or double them with out giving them a value?
public static int monthPop( int bRate, int dRate, int numberMonths, int bunnyThresh, int bunnyStart, int tables )
int growRate, counter, result;
double bunNew, bunOld, popNew, popOld;
counter = 1;
if(tables == 1)
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So I am trying to use a formula
bunNew = bunOld + growRate * bunOld * ( 1 - bunOld)
where
bunNew is relative population ending of the month
bunOld is relative population beginning of the month
popNew is the actual number of bunnies at the end of the month
popOld is the actual number of bunnies at the beginning of the month
bunnyThresh is the threshold of the bunny ranch.
growRate is equal to bRate - dRate
So again I am not sure what is going on based on my code. I think everything looks good, but again I am new and taking java programing class.
So any and all help is much appreciated.
thanks
ed
Edited by: Uprvrndn on Jan 27, 2008 5:49 AM

Ok did some revising of the code
public static int monthPop( int bRate, int dRate, int numberMonths, int bunnyThresh, int bunnyStart, int tables )
          int counter, result;
          double bNew, bOld, pNew, pOld, growRate;
          pOld = bunnyStart;
          bOld = pOld / bunnyThresh;
          counter = 1;
          growRate = bRate - dRate;
          System.out.println(pOld + " " + bOld + " " +
           growRate + " \n\n\n");
          if(tables == 1)
               System.out.println("Month\t\t\tBunnies");
               while(counter <= numberMonths)
                    bNew = bOld + growRate * bOld * ( 1 - bOld);
                    pNew = bNew * bunnyThresh;
                    bOld = pNew;
                    int outcome = (int)pNew;
                    System.out.println( counter + "\t\t\t" + outcome );
                    System.out.println( counter + "\t\t\t" + pNew );
                    counter++;
          else
               while(counter <= numberMonths)
                    bNew = bOld + growRate * bOld * ( 1 - bOld);
                    pNew = bNew * bunnyThresh;
                    bOld = pNew;
                    counter++;
               int outcome = (int)pNew;
               System.out.println( "\n\n\n" );
               System.out.println( "So after " + numberMonths + " month(s), the " +
               "     population would be " + outcome + " bunnies." );
          return counter;
     }I get the follow error and I quote:
edmac:Program2 erose$ javac Program2.java
Program2.java:180: variable pNew might not have been initialized
               int outcome = (int)pNew;
^
1 error
edmac:Program2 erose$
Also because I am trying to show a table of a month to month I started at 1 instead of 0. So month 1 would be the starting point. Month 0 would be the initial when the farm was first established.

Am I understanding this correctly?

Do you have to have iTunes installed on a PC to get FW or Software updates?
That is the stupidist thing I have ever seen.
I've already talked to the packagers and the network security team (As they currently block iTunes) and this is a deal killer............
Both Goodlink and Blackberry can do updates OTA (Over the Air)
We are an orginization of 35,000 + end users and they can't install anything on their PC's.
If iTunes is mandatory then they will never gain acceptance in the Enterprise market as that is unacceptable. Sorry Dr you can't get any patient information because all of the bandwidth is being used by people downloading podcasts.
And what is the deal with no native encryption on the device????
I don't even see a reason to test as this would be a HIPPA violation before we even started???????
Poor planing and horrible implementation.
If I am incorrect please point me to documentation stating otherwise.
Thanks

msg630,
There is a built-in ability in iTunes to restrict access to the iTunes Store, designed for those most restrictive of managers - Parents. While not intended for the Enterprise per se you can restrict access to the iTunes Store, Podcasts, Internet Radio, and/or shared libraries. You can create a preferences file that could be deployed to the machines. However, you don't need to install iTunes on every PC. (more on that later in this post)
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http://developer.apple.com/iphone/program/details.html
In addition the iPhone will take the most restrictive of the ActiveSync policies and policies you deploy with the iPhone Configuration Utility.
The iPhone supports the following policies set by the Exchange admin:
1. Enforce password on device
2. Minimum password length
3. Require both numbers and letters
4. Inactivity time in minutes (essentially how long until it autolocks)
In addition it supports Remote Wipe. If the device is still listed to be wiped on the Exchange server it will wipe again if you try to reconfigure for the server.
With the iPhone Configuration Utility you can deploy profiles via website (such as on an Intranet) or via email. The iPhone Configuration Utility can set:
1. Require Passcode
2. Allow simple value (repeating characters, or short)
3. Require Alphanumeric (while normally on the iPhone a passcode set is only 4 numbers, if your profile or exchanger server required it can be longer and a mix of letters and numbers)
4. Minimum Passcode Length (yes, it can be more than 4 digits when configured via Exchange Activesync policies or the iPhone Configuration profile)
5. Minimum number of complex characters (symbols such as $, &, and !)
6. Maximum number of failed attempts (Default is after 6 it imposes a time delay before trying again, after 11 it has to be connected to the iTunes it syncs with to reset the attempts)
7. Maximum Passcode Age (how often do they have to change the passcode)
8. Passcode lock (in minutes)
If there is both Exchange Activesync and a configuration profile (or multiple profiles) on the device, the most restrictive combination is used.
Apps up to 10 MB can be installed OTA.
It is entirely concievable that only 1 copy of iTunes be installed in the IT department for setting up the device, load a profile, and then hand it activated to the employee. If they need an internal App it can be deployed OTA.
The iPhone can communicate for email, contacts and calendars OTA with an Exchange Server.
Hope this helps,
Nathan C.
Message was edited by: Nathan C

Do I understand this correct?

Hi Im just playing around with code to learn new things. And a question appeared.
When I do
List list = new LinkedList(new ArrayList());I tell one of the constructors in LinkedList that I want the list to be an ArrayList?
And is this the same as
List list = new LinkedList();
list = new ArrayList()/ Curios Magnus

MagnusT76 wrote:
Hi Im just playing around with code to learn new things. And a question appeared.
When I do
List list = new LinkedList(new ArrayList());I tell one of the constructors in LinkedList that I want the list to be an ArrayList?No. A List is either a LinkedList or an ArrayList. It can't be both.
What you do is create a new ArrayList (which is empty, of course) and pass that to the constructor of the LinkedList. If you look up [that constructors JavaDoc|http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/LinkedList.html#LinkedList(java.util.Collection)] you'll see that you only specify the initial content of the LinkedList. Since the content List you specify is empty, the LinkedList will be empty as well. That's exactly the same effect as if you had used the no-arguments constructor.
And is this the same as
List list = new LinkedList();
list = new ArrayList()
No, this is an entirely different thing.
First you create a LinkedList and rember a reference to it in the list variable. Then you overwrite the reference with a reference to a newly created ArrayList (thus forgetting the original reference).
Both pieces of code do unnecessary and useless work. The difference between the two is that with the first you havean empty LinkedList in the end and with the second piece of code you have an empty ArrayList in the end.

Understanding Statistics io and Logical reads - is logical reads information correct

Hi,
This question arises during a performance test - on SQL Server 2012 with SP2.
In the following example, table has only column and that is of data type INT.
When inserted 592 records of data type INT it is doing only 1 logical read but as soon another record is inserted SP is reporting 2 logical reads. Why?
In the code, i have highlighted difference between
statistics io - logical reads and sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats.total_logical_reads
to understand the difference between these 2 information.
set nocount on
GO
create table dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
employee_number int --primary key
GO
go
CREATE procedure dbo.test_sp_logical_reads
as
begin
select
employee_number
from dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
order by employee_number desc
end
go
insert into dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
(employee_number)
VALUES (1)
GO 592
EXEC sp_spaceused 'dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads'
--set statistics io on
--GO
exec dbo.test_sp_logical_reads
GO
----Table 'test_storage_and_logical_reads'. Scan count 1, logical reads 1, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
---- But sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats.total_logical_reads is reporting 3 instead.
truncate table dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
GO
insert into dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
(employee_number)
VALUES (1)
GO 593
EXEC sp_spaceused 'dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads'
exec dbo.test_sp_logical_reads
GO
----Table 'test_storage_and_logical_reads'. Scan count 1, logical reads 2, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
---- But sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats.total_logical_reads is reporting 4 instead.
--drop procedure dbo.test_sp_logical_reads
--drop table dbo.test_storage_and_logical_reads
GO
NB: I do understand the logical and physical reads. Thanks.
For quick review of new features, try virtual labs: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/aa570323

Hi.
I still need to test the scenario but if you read definition of this DMV it says 'Returns aggregate performance statistics for cached stored procedures' so I guess, I am not sure 3 can be due to this aggregated output given by this DMV. Will test it
on SS 2012 SP2 will get back to you.
Please mark this reply as answer if it solved your issue or vote as helpful if it helped so that other forum members can benefit from it.
My TechNet Wiki Articles
Hi Shanky / Sean Gallardy
i think Sean Gallardy created the "test_sp_logical_reads" table in master DB, i have that same issue when i accidentiatly created the table "test_sp_logical_reads" in master, but when i create the same table in USER DB like "sample1"
it only allocate 1 page for 592,
hi Asam,
Let me narrow down the your question, if my understanding is correct ...
<<When you have the free space in a page of a Heap, why SQL Server is assigning New page for a New Record>>
Answer is in PFS bytes
The answer is that PFS bytes are not fully reset until the page is reallocated. On deallocation, the only bit in the PFS byte that's changed is the allocation status bit - this makes it very easy to rollback a deallocation
--Before inserting the 593 record plese execute the below query
--Note Replace "database1" with your DBName
DBCC TRACEON (3604);
DBCC IND ('database1', 'test_storage_and_logical_reads', 1);
--Result
PageFID PagePID IAMFID IAMPID ObjectID IndexID PartitionNumber PartitionID iam_chain_type PageType IndexLevel NextPageFID NextPagePID PrevPageFID PrevPagePID
1 2770 NULL NULL 517576882 0 1 72057594039828480 In-row data 10 NULL 0 0 0 0
1 2769 1 2770 517576882 0 1 72057594039828480 In-row data 1 0 0 0 0 0
--your intrested in the second record(page)
DBCC PAGE ('database1', 1, 2769,3) WITH TABLERESULTS;
--you can find 38th row as
--PFS (1:1) = 0x64 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 100_PCT_FULL
--which means your page is full
--you can try inserting 300 rows it will show you PFS (1:1) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 50_PCT_FULL
please refer in the below link
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlserverstorageengine/archive/2006/07/08/under-the-covers-gam-sgam-and-pfs-pages.aspx
http://aboutsqlserver.com/2013/12/17/sql-server-storage-engine-heap-tables/
"This page has a PFS byte value of 0x04 - how can it be full when its not allocated?"
The answer is that PFS bytes are not fully reset until the page is reallocated. On deallocation, the only bit in the PFS byte that's changed is the allocation status bit - this makes it very easy to rollback a deallocation.
Here's an example. Using a database with a simple table with one row.
A DBCC PAGE of the IAM page includes:
PFS (1:1) = 0x70 IAM_PG MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL
If I run the following:
BEGIN
TRANSACTION
DROP
TABLE T1
GO
And then do the DBCC PAGE again, the output now includes:
PFS (1:1) = 0x30 IAM_PG MIXED_EXT 0_PCT_FULL
And if I rollback then transaction, the DBCC PAGE output reverts to:
PFS (1:1) = 0x70 IAM_PG MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL
Thanks
Saravana Kumar C

New to Network - Is this topology and understanding correct ? (please help)

Hi all,
I am new to network and is currently taking my ICDN1 course, but have no actual hands-on experience beside the short labs lesson in class..
Hence, I will like to take this opportunity to check with gurus here for their advices and to see if my understanding is correct or wrong.
Please pardon me if I ask/make any silly questions or wrong theories.
=========================================================
Refer to below diagram (which I drawn)
Assumptions
Node 1 and Node 2 need to have public IPs assigned by ISP.
Internal and mangement network not reflected Security not a concern, NAT/DMZ not required
Firewall and Router are 2 separate physical device
Questions
Q1) is my toplogy and IPs assignment correct base on the assumption above ?
Q2) do we need to assign IPs to Fe0/0 for both firewall and MyRouter ? Must it be using the ISP issued IPs or can it be internal IPs ?
Q3) Can we consider MyRouter Fe0/0 and below = 1 broadcast domain/network segment or
MyRouter Fe0/0 to Fe0/0 firewall = 1 network segment and Firewall Fe0/1 and below = another network segment ? and why ?
I am thinking of how does a IP packet transfer from node1 to the internet. Let's say node1 send a packet to 8.8.8.8
[src ip=202.156.1.4][dst ip=8.8.8.8][src mac=a.b.c.d][dst mac=a.b.c.f] (packet going from Node1 to the gateway/firewall)
[src ip=202.156.1.4][dst ip=8.8.8.8][src mac=a.b.c.g][dst mac=a.b.c.h] (packet going from the Firewall to the MyRouter)
Q4) How does firewall know which interface it must exit on the next hop ?
Is there a routing table in Firewall ? Does the Firewall has a default gateway , or it has a default route ?
Q5) Since the firewall is connected to MyRouter directly, how does it know the MAC address of MyRouter and vice versa ? Can we do ARP request without going through switch ? Is the MyRouter physically connected to the switch or to the Firewall ?
Hope some kind gurus here can enlightened me.
Thanks

Hi Jon,
Thanks for shedding some light on my questions
In terms of IP addressing it depends on what the ISP has given you. Often you get two blocks, one for the link between the outside of your router and the ISP router and one for use for the connection between the outside interface of your firewall and the inside interface of your firewall.
The ISP router would then have a route for the block in use between your firewall and router pointing to the outside interface of your router.
Q1) Let's say the 1st block will be 202.123.123.1 and 202.123.123.2 that will be the IP between my external interface of MyRouter and the ISP router -> am I right ?
Q2) For the 2nd block based on my example, it will be 202.156.1.0/24, am i right ?
Q3) Can i further subnet this block (202.156.1.0/24) so that I can have a different subnet between MyRouter internal interface fe0/0 <-> MyFirewall external interface fe0/0 and another subnet for MyFirewall internal interface fe0/1 and below ?
In this case, I can have 2 different subnet so that routing and occur between MyRouter to MyFirewall ?
Q4) Actually with regards to the question on whether MyRouter needs to be connected to the switch is because from what I have understand, a packet need to have both the L3 ip addresses and L2 mac addresses to be send out.
Since the firewall is forwarding a packet from node1 to the MyRouter, it needs to know MyRouter mac address, so I am asking if an ARP request can be done directly from the connection from MyFirewall to MyRouter..
Actually, is there a routing table inside the Firewall as well ? how does it knows where to forward the packet out ?
Q5) I understand that it will be good to do NAT and I have been hearing from people that assigning public IPs on the nodes are bad. But why ?
If I have assigned public IPs on the nodes, doesn't the packets still go through the firewall for whatever inspection that is needed as compared to NAT ?
Jon, just a shoutout and thanks on the replies that you have given me as I do not really have anyone to ask except for the forums around.
Thank you.
Regards,
Noob

Do I understand WDS correctly?

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