Entourage 2008 simple things I can't figure out

I've just got Entourage 2008, an upgrade from the 2004 version and I cant figure out a few simple things. The first being, when I've got an 'identity'open, the old 2004 version used to say at the top of the window which identity that was and the 2008 version just says 'Inbox - Folders on My Computer' on whichever indentity I'm looking at and I have to look closer at the actual emails to know which mail address I'm looking at.
Does that make sense?
Anyone know how to fix it??
Thanks.

Until you said it, I have never, ever noticed that! Being the only Entourage account on this Mac, I suppose I also never cared.
Looking through the preferences and menu, I don't see a way to change it.

Similar Messages

Simple things seem hard to figure out

OK --- must admit I've not been a serious Logic user (mostly experienced with DP) but now that 9 has shown up and I'm trying MainStage again, I thought I'd try and use Logic for a new project to see if it's gotten any easier.
But I'm getting stuck on what I would consider to be very simple procedures.
For example, I have a region (actually three tracks worth but I don't think that matters). I split the region 4 bars from the end. Now I want to copy the left part of the region and insert it at that split point so that I have double what I had before at the beginning, followed by the original remaining 4 bars.
But when I paste a region, those remaining 4 bars don't get shifted. Instead (as far as I can tell because I can't see it), the pasted region seems to be overlayed with those 4 bars. How does one paste a region so that whatever is to the right of the insert position gets SHIFTED?
This should be trivial to figure out but I'm not seeing it.

And there was I trying to find a mechanism similar to standard copy/paste as found in almost every other application I've ever used....
I ended up creating a bunch of empty tracks, moving those last 4 bar regions into the new tracks, then copying/pasting the original regions and finally moving the other regions from the new tracks back to the end of the original tracks.
How can it be possible for such a simple workflow process to be so awkward? It's no wonder everyone is ******** about the lack of documentation, although I must admit that even when I searched through the online help I couldn't find a way to do this easily.
Sigh

Can't Figure Out How to do This

There's something I've been doing on my Treo 650 that I can't seem to figure out any way to do on my new iPhone 3G. Sorry for the somewhat "long story" here, but
My wife is Chinese, so as we live our lives together, I have been keeping a continuously running "memo" on my Treo, into which I have periodically typed English words and phrases that would be valuable to learn Chinese equivalents for. So, whenever such a word comes up in life, I pop out that memo on my Treo, add a word to it, and put it away.
Of course I have kept that, and everything else, sync'ed up with my Mac, so I can see those new words and phrases there too.
To actually learn these new words and phrases, once every few months, I copy those new words into a spreadsheet, figure up translations for them, and study the result as new Chinese-language lessons.
So, on the iPhone, it appears that I can do almost all of this using "Notes." But there are two things I can't figure out how to do:
1. Back up (i.e., sync) that memo to my Mac routinely. Yes, I do see that I can Email it to myself periodically, but that's not quite the same as having a document on the iPhone "automatically" backed up on the Mac.
2. I don't see any way to bring what I already have on my Treo into a "Note" on the iPhone. If I could copy and paste, I could Email that text to myself and then copy&paste it from that Email into the Note, but there's no copy&paste on the iPhone. I do see that there are "Notes" in the Email application, but those are not editable on the iPhone. They are visible on the iPhone, but can't be edited there. Even if they were editable, they still clutter up my inbox, but perhaps I could devise a "smart mailbox" to address that.
In the first regard, Emailing is marginally acceptable, but I don't have any idea what to do about the second.
Thanks for any ideas you might have!

I'm another one of the very grumpy customers regarding the problems synching Outlook calendars with the new 2.0 iPhone.
I have another twist: I did not ever have multiple calendars in Outlook until the 2.0 update; I had just one. After I updated the iPhone software to 2.0 I have multiple calendars which I did not create. My iPhone has all the events listed, color coded by these various calendars, but when I look at my calendar(s) in Outlook, I can not see all the events at once. So my iPhone is the most complete, and my computer version is fragmented. This is an unacceptable royal pain. I'm relieved to know it's not just me, my iPhone, my Outlook, etc., but I'm definitely one of the many of us who are grumpy with Apple and impatient for their fix.
My question is: how do I sync my Outlook to my iPhone and delete all these calendars without deleting events? I just want one calendar again: mine, all mine.
PS I do have recurring events, but way too many to hand change them all; that's ridiculous. Even if I didn't have many of those it's ridiculous that the recurrences should create these problems. It's a pretty basic electronic calendar function.

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FYI, you can/should mark your thread as solved.
Finally, when a solution is found, mark your thread as solved by editing the first post and prepending the tag [SOLVED] to the title in the "Subject" field.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Forum_Etiquette

My iPod is a 2008 version. I just bought a new iMac. My iphone and my ipad are connected to the ne w computer , but I can't figure out how to register my old device on the new computer

I have a 2008 IPod , Just bought a new IMAC. My iphone and ipad are registered but I can't figure out how to add the old ipod.

What have you tried?
What happens?
Error message?
What does it say?
Have you copied everything from your old computer, or your backup copy of your old computer, to your new one?

Can someone please tell me a simple but effective method for burning a slideshow to DVD? Now that the connection between iPhoto and iDVD no longer exists, I can't figure out a way to get there with an acceptable quality result.

Can someone please tell me a simple but effective method for burning a slideshow to DVD? Now that the connection between iPhoto and iDVD no longer exists, I can't figure out a way to get there with an acceptable quality result.

Export the slideshow out of iPhoto as a QT movie file via the Export button in the lower toolbar. Select Size = Medium or Large.
Open iDVD, select a theme and drag the exported QT movie file into the open iDVD window being careful to avoid any drop zones.
Follow this workflow to help assure the best qualty video DVD:
Once you have the project as you want it save it as a disk image via the File ➙ Save as Disk Image menu option. This will separate the encoding process from the burn process.
To check the encoding mount the disk image, launch DVD Player and play it. If it plays OK with DVD Player the encoding is good.
Then burn to disk with Disk Utility or Toast at the slowest speed available (2x-4x) to assure the best burn quality. Always use top quality media: Verbatim, Maxell or Taiyo Yuden DVD-R are the most recommended in these forums.
If iDVD was not preinstalled on your Mac you'll have to obtain it by purchasing a copy of the iLife 09 disk from a 3rd party retailier like Amazon.com: ilife 09: Software or eBay.com. Why, because iDVD (and iWeb) was discontinued by Apple over a year ago.
Why iLife 09 instead of 11?
If you have to purchase an iLife disc in order to obtain the iDVD application remember that the iLife 11 disc only provides themes from iDVD 5-7. The Software Update no longer installs the earlier themes when starting from the iLIfe 11 disk nor do any of the iDVD 7 updaters available from the Apple Downloads website contain them.
Currently the only sure fire way to get all themes is to start with the iLife 09 disc:
This shows the iDVD contents in the iLife 09 disc via Pacifist:
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OT

I can't figure out why my reverb and echo things are greyed out

I can't figure out why my reverb and echo things are greyed out on the bottom right of my screen with the edit tab open for the track. I was going to put a screenshot in here but I couldn't figure it out. I one can understand what I mean. Thank you.

bennirubber wrote:
reverb and echo things are greyed out on the bottom right of my screen
http://www.bulletsandbones.com/GB/GBFAQ.html#effectsdisabled
(Let the page FULLY load. The link to your answer is at the top of your screen)

I'm burning dvd's that won't play on a regular dvd player. What am I doing wrong? Are there some simple things to check to figure this out? (Sorry, I know this has been asked many times)

I'm burning dvd's that won't play on a regular dvd player. What am I doing wrong? They play fine on computers but not on dvd players. Are there some simple things to check to figure this out? (Sorry, I know this has been asked many times). Created in DVD studio pro.

Hi
Just my thoughts to add to the excellent answers above.
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Memorex, NoName etc cheap brands usually do NOT work
I only Use Verbatim (more organic dye in these)
• Type of DVD - matters
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- DL-DVDs are more problematic than SL-DVDs
- DVD+R are a more modern sort - BUT PLAYS BADLY or not at all on older DVD-players
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I can't figure out how to add songs from my itunes library to my iphone. I used to just drag the songs from the library to my phone, but now that won't work. It's probably something really simple that I'm missing, but it's frustrating me. Can anyone help? My phone is the iphone 4 if that matters.

Yes, thank you also. I was racking my brains out how to do a simple thing like adding songs to my ipod.
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Can't figure out how to send photos to outside lab

Hello, I am new to Apple products and have had my iMac desktop for one week.   I am not very computer savy to start with and it is so different from my old pc.   I also have a new camera - Nikon D7100 - so I am attempting to learn TWO new things. At least my camera came with a user's manual. With my iMac I am stumbling through trial and error and taking up way too much time.   I tried using iPhoto but ended up losing my photo library I started (somehow it just disappeared after a series of error messages saying it was attempting to repair the library). I ended up buying the Aperture app beause I want to be able to do more with photos for my art business. Now I am thinking iPhoto wasn't so bad, all except loosing my library, of course. It was very simple to use. But once I learn more I think I will appreciate Aperture and at least through Aperture I was able to have my photo library restored.   I do not have a good printer yet, however, so I am attempting to have an outside print lab download my pictures to have the prints mailed to me. (Note: I used to use Snapfish but didn't like my last batch of pics. Someone suggested Walgreen's Photo Lab.   Maybe someone has a better suggestion.)
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Try this to learn about using keys:
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You can also use your PC mouse.
As for iPhoto, it sounds like you were trying to move files around in the library. That is a bib no-no in Aperture or iPhoto.

I can't figure out what's wrong with this code

First i want this program to allow me to enter a number with the EasyReader class and depending on the number entered it will show that specific line of this peom:
One two buckle your shoe
Three four shut the door
Five six pick up sticks
Seven eight lay them straight
Nine ten this is the end.
The error message i got was an illegal start of expression. I can't figure out why it is giving me this error because i have if (n = 1) || (n = 2) statements. My code is:
public class PoemSeventeen
public static void main(String[] args)
EasyReader console = new EasyReader();
System.out.println("Enter a number for the poem (0 to quit): ");
int n = console.readInt();
if (n = 1) || (n = 2)
System.out.println("One, two, buckle your shoe");
else if (n = 3) || (n = 4)
System.out.println("Three, four, shut the door");
else if (n = 5) || (n = 6)
System.out.println("Five, six, pick up sticks");
else if (n = 7) || (n = 8)
System.out.println("Seven, eight, lay them straight");
else if (n = 9) || (n = 10)
System.out.println("Nine, ten, this is the end");
else if (n = 0)
System.out.println("You may exit now");
else
System.out.println("Put in a number between 0 and 10");
I messed around with a few other thing because i had some weird errors before but now i have narrowed it down to just this 1 error.
The EasyReader class code:
// package com.skylit.io;
import java.io.*;
* @author Gary Litvin
* @version 1.2, 5/30/02
* Written as part of
* Java Methods: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming
* (Skylight Publishing 2001, ISBN 0-9654853-7-4)
* and
* Java Methods AB: Data Structures
* (Skylight Publishing 2003, ISBN 0-9654853-1-5)
* EasyReader provides simple methods for reading the console and
* for opening and reading text files. All exceptions are handled
* inside the class and are hidden from the user.
* <xmp>
* Example:
* =======
* EasyReader console = new EasyReader();
* System.out.print("Enter input file name: ");
* String fileName = console.readLine();
* EasyReader inFile = new EasyReader(fileName);
* if (inFile.bad())
* System.err.println("Can't open " + fileName);
* System.exit(1);
* String firstLine = inFile.readLine();
* if (!inFile.eof()) // or: if (firstLine != null)
* System.out.println("The first line is : " + firstLine);
* System.out.print("Enter the maximum number of integers to read: ");
* int maxCount = console.readInt();
* int k, count = 0;
* while (count < maxCount && !inFile.eof())
* k = inFile.readInt();
* if (!inFile.eof())
* // process or store this number
* count++;
* inFile.close(); // optional
* System.out.println(count + " numbers read");
* </xmp>
public class EasyReader
protected String myFileName;
protected BufferedReader myInFile;
protected int myErrorFlags = 0;
protected static final int OPENERROR = 0x0001;
protected static final int CLOSEERROR = 0x0002;
protected static final int READERROR = 0x0004;
protected static final int EOF = 0x0100;
* Constructor. Prepares console (System.in) for reading
public EasyReader()
myFileName = null;
myErrorFlags = 0;
myInFile = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in), 128);
* Constructor. opens a file for reading
* @param fileName the name or pathname of the file
public EasyReader(String fileName)
myFileName = fileName;
myErrorFlags = 0;
try
myInFile = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName), 1024);
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
myErrorFlags |= OPENERROR;
myFileName = null;
* Closes the file
public void close()
if (myFileName == null)
return;
try
myInFile.close();
catch (IOException e)
System.err.println("Error closing " + myFileName + "\n");
myErrorFlags |= CLOSEERROR;
* Checks the status of the file
* @return true if en error occurred opening or reading the file,
* false otherwise
public boolean bad()
return myErrorFlags != 0;
* Checks the EOF status of the file
* @return true if EOF was encountered in the previous read
* operation, false otherwise
public boolean eof()
return (myErrorFlags & EOF) != 0;
private boolean ready() throws IOException
return myFileName == null || myInFile.ready();
* Reads the next character from a file (any character including
* a space or a newline character).
* @return character read or <code>null</code> character
* (Unicode 0) if trying to read beyond the EOF
public char readChar()
char ch = '\u0000';
try
if (ready())
ch = (char)myInFile.read();
catch (IOException e)
if (myFileName != null)
System.err.println("Error reading " + myFileName + "\n");
myErrorFlags |= READERROR;
if (ch == '\u0000')
myErrorFlags |= EOF;
return ch;
* Reads from the current position in the file up to and including
* the next newline character. The newline character is thrown away
* @return the read string (excluding the newline character) or
* null if trying to read beyond the EOF
public String readLine()
String s = null;
try
s = myInFile.readLine();
catch (IOException e)
if (myFileName != null)
System.err.println("Error reading " + myFileName + "\n");
myErrorFlags |= READERROR;
if (s == null)
myErrorFlags |= EOF;
return s;
* Skips whitespace and reads the next word (a string of consecutive
* non-whitespace characters (up to but excluding the next space,
* newline, etc.)
* @return the read string or null if trying to read beyond the EOF
public String readWord()
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(128);
char ch = ' ';
int count = 0;
String s = null;
try
while (ready() && Character.isWhitespace(ch))
ch = (char)myInFile.read();
while (ready() && !Character.isWhitespace(ch))
count++;
buffer.append(ch);
myInFile.mark(1);
ch = (char)myInFile.read();
if (count > 0)
myInFile.reset();
s = buffer.toString();
else
myErrorFlags |= EOF;
catch (IOException e)
if (myFileName != null)
System.err.println("Error reading " + myFileName + "\n");
myErrorFlags |= READERROR;
return s;
* Reads the next integer (without validating its format)
* @return the integer read or 0 if trying to read beyond the EOF
public int readInt()
String s = readWord();
if (s != null)
return Integer.parseInt(s);
else
return 0;
* Reads the next double (without validating its format)
* @return the number read or 0 if trying to read beyond the EOF
public double readDouble()
String s = readWord();
if (s != null)
return Double.parseDouble(s);
// in Java 1, use: return Double.valueOf(s).doubleValue();
else
return 0.0;
Can anybody please tell me what's wrong with this code? Thanks

String[] message = {
 "One, two, buckle your shoe",
 "One, two, buckle your shoe",
 "Three, four, shut the door",
 "Three, four, shut the door",
 "Five, six, pick up sticks",
 "Five, six, pick up sticks",
 "Seven, eight, lay them straight",
 "Seven, eight, lay them straight",
 "Nine, ten, this is the end",
 "Nine, ten, this is the end"
if(n>0)
 System.out.println(message[n]);
else
 System.exit(0);

Can't figure out where NullPointerException is coming from

I will attach the code I have below. It is almost entirely done but i am getting a NullPointerException that is driving me nuts, and I can't figure out were it is coming from.
Help is greatly appreciated.
First code:
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Collection;
public class DistributionPlagiarist
 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
 Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
 int keyLength=0, phraseLength=0, numberOfPhrases=0;
 String inputFileName="", keepReadingFromFile="", theFile="";
 FrequencyLibrary text = new DenseFrequencyLibrary();
 if(args.length != 4)
 System.out.println("The command line arguments you entered do not match what is needed. Please try again.");
 System.exit(0);
 for(int count=0; count<args.length; count++)
 keyLength = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
 phraseLength = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
 numberOfPhrases = Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
 inputFileName = args[3];
 if(keyLength < 0)
 while(keyLength < 0)
 System.out.print("The length of the key (" + keyLength + ")" + " you entered is less than zero.\nPlease enter another key length: ");
 keyLength = keyboard.nextInt();
 System.out.println();
 if(phraseLength < 0)
 while(phraseLength < 0)
 System.out.print("The desired length of the phrase (" + phraseLength + ")" + " you entered is less than zero.\nPlease enter another phrase length: ");
 keyLength = keyboard.nextInt();
 System.out.println();
 if(numberOfPhrases <= 0)
 while(numberOfPhrases <= 0)
 System.out.print("The desired number of phrases (" + keyLength + ")" + " you entered is not applicable.\nPlease choose another number: ");
 keyLength = keyboard.nextInt();
 System.out.println();
 File file=new File(inputFileName);
 boolean exists = file.exists();
 if (exists == false)
 while(exists == false)
 System.out.println("The file you are searching for does not exist. Please place it in this programs directory.");
 System.out.print("Please re-enter the file name: ");
 inputFileName = keyboard.nextLine();
 file=new File(inputFileName);
 exists = file.exists();
 int count=keyLength, start=0, stop=0;
 FileReader freader = new FileReader(inputFileName);
 BufferedReader inputFile = new BufferedReader(freader);
 while(keepReadingFromFile != null)
 keepReadingFromFile = inputFile.readLine();
 if(keepReadingFromFile == null)
 break;
 else
 theFile = theFile + keepReadingFromFile;
 while(count < theFile.length())
 String name = theFile.substring(start, keyLength+stop);
 char singleCharacter = theFile.charAt(count);
 text.add(name, singleCharacter);
 start++;
 stop++;
 count++;
 int countNumberOfPhrases=0;
 while(numberOfPhrases > 0)
 countNumberOfPhrases++;
 String phrase = randomphrase(text, phraseLength, keyLength);
 System.out.println("Phrase " + countNumberOfPhrases + ":\n" + phrase);
 numberOfPhrases--;
 private static String randomphrase(FrequencyLibrary textLibrary, int phraseLengthToMake, int startLength)
 String startString="";
 char characterToAdd=' ';
 startLength++;
 Random generator = new Random();
 int sizeOfLibrary=textLibrary.size()/2, randomInt = generator.nextInt(sizeOfLibrary+1), value=0;
 Collection<String> stringNames = textLibrary.makeStringCollection();
 for(String stringFromCollection : stringNames)
 if(randomInt == value)
 startString = stringFromCollection;
 value++;
 String thePhrase = new String(startString);
 System.out.println("INITIAL START:" + startString + "TTTT");
 int substringStart=1;
 while(startLength < phraseLengthToMake)
 characterToAdd = textLibrary.randomUniformChoose(startString);
 thePhrase = thePhrase + characterToAdd;
 System.out.println("CHARACTER:" + characterToAdd + "TTTT");
 System.out.println("PHRASE:" + thePhrase + "TTTT");
 startString = thePhrase.substring(substringStart, thePhrase.length());
 boolean answer = textLibrary.contains(startString);
 System.out.println(answer);
 System.out.println("NEW STRING:" + startString + "TTTT");
 startLength++;
 substringStart++;
 return thePhrase;
}Second code:
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class DenseFrequencyLibrary implements FrequencyLibrary
 private HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar> bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap = new HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar>();
 private MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = new DenseMultiSetOfChar();
 * Creates a new DenseFrequencyLibrary with all the essential things clear;
 DenseFrequencyLibrary()
 bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.clear();
 * Input the value from the creation of the DensneMultiSetOfChar into a HashMap. If the key
 * already exists then the value associated with it is updated by one.
 * @param character a char to be used in forming the HashMap
 * @return characterMap
 private HashMap<String, MultiSetOfChar> inputIntoMap(String name, char character)
 if(!bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(name))
 keyAndValuePairs = new DenseMultiSetOfChar(character);
 else
 keyAndValuePairs.add(character);
 this.bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.put(name, keyAndValuePairs); //input character and value
 return bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap; //return the new HashMap
 * Returns the number of books in the library.
 * @return |b|, ie the number of books in b
 public int size()
 int numberOfBooks=bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.size();
 return numberOfBooks;
 * Searches the library for an occurrence of a given book
 * @param target the name of a book to be searched for in the library
 * @return true if and only if the argument is already a book title in the library.
 public boolean contains(String target)
 boolean bookIsInLibrary=false;
 if(bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(target))
 bookIsInLibrary = true;
 return bookIsInLibrary;
 * Returns the MultiSetOfChar that represents the occurrences of the individual characters
 * in the text of the book indicated by the argument.
 * @param target
 * @return MultiSetOfChar
 public MultiSetOfChar getFrequencies(String target)
 MultiSetOfChar frequencyMultiSetOfChar = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(target);
 return frequencyMultiSetOfChar;
 * Modifies the character occurrences associated with name to include one more occurrence of element.
 * @param name string of the name of the book
 * @param element character to add to the specified book
 public void add(String name, char element)
 bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap = inputIntoMap(name, element);
 * Modifies the character occurrences associated with name to include one less occurrence of element.
 * @param name string of the name of the book
 * @param element character to be removed from the specified book
 * @return true if and only if the book is modified.
 public boolean remove(String name, char element)
 boolean characterWasRemovedFromBook=false;
 //if the target character is in the map then remove it
 if(bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.containsKey(name))
 MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(name);
 keyAndValuePairs.remove(element);
 characterWasRemovedFromBook = true; //set answer to true because the HashMap was changed
 else //target does not exist in the HashMap
 characterWasRemovedFromBook = false; //set answer to false because the HashMap was not changed
 return characterWasRemovedFromBook;
 * Returns a random character, chosen from the same distribution as the characters appear in the book.
 * For example, if 5% of the characters in "Alice in Wonderland" are an 'A', then this method should
 * return an 'A' about 5% of the time.
 * @param name string of the name of the book to search through and remove a character
 * @return true if and only if the argument is already a book title in the library.
 public char randomUniformChoose(String name)
 MultiSetOfChar keyAndValuePairs = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.get(name);
 char randomCharacter = keyAndValuePairs.randomUniformChoose();
 return randomCharacter; //return the random character pulled out
 public Collection<String> makeStringCollection()
 Collection<String> stringCollection = bookTitleAndCharacterAndIntegerHashMap.keySet();
 return stringCollection;
}Third code:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Random;
* DenseMultiSetOfChar implements MultiSetOfChar.
* @mathmodel b is a finite multiset
* @mathdef
* |b| is the cardinality of b
* ||c,b|| is the number of occurrences of element c in b
* @author Kyle Hiltner
public class DenseMultiSetOfChar implements MultiSetOfChar
 private char characterInput=' ';
 private HashMap<Character, Integer> characterMap = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
 * Create a new DenseMultiSetOfChar with zero argument
 DenseMultiSetOfChar()
 characterMap.clear(); //clear static HashMap
 * Create a new DenseMultiSetOfChar with the passed in value.
 * @param newChar character input to be added to the HashMap
 DenseMultiSetOfChar(char newChar)
 this.characterInput = newChar; //set characterInput to the value passed in
 characterMap = inputIntoMap(this.characterInput); //call private procedure to add characterInput to HashMap
 * Input the value from the creation of the DensneMultiSetOfChar into a HashMap. If the key
 * already exists then the value associated with it is updated by one.
 * @param character a char to be used in forming the HashMap
 * @return characterMap
 private HashMap<Character, Integer> inputIntoMap(char character)
 //if the character is not in the HashMap then add it with the starting value of 1
 if(!characterMap.containsKey(character))
 characterMap.put(character, 1); //input character and value
 else //character does exist
 int value = characterMap.get(character); //get the value for the specified key
 value++; //increase the value so as to show that another character was added
 characterMap.put(character, value); //place the character and new value in the HashMap
 return characterMap; //return the new HashMap
 * Returns the number of elements in this multiset (ie its cardinality).
 * Note that since multisets can include duplicates, the cardinality may be
 * larger than the number of distinct elements. Also, the total number of
 * items in the multiset is bounded above by Integer.MAX_VALUE.
 * @return |b|, ie the cardinality of b
 public int getCardinality()
 int totalElementsInMap=0;
 Collection<Integer> integerCollection = characterMap.values(); //create a collection for easy iteration
 //iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap
 for(Integer valueFromCollection : integerCollection)
 totalElementsInMap = totalElementsInMap + valueFromCollection; //compute new value of total values
 return totalElementsInMap; //return the final total value
 * Returns the number of occurrences of a given element in the multiset. A
 * simple identity relating getElementCount and getCardinality is that the
 * sum of getElementCount for each char is equal to the cardinality of the
 * set.
 * @param target
 * char to be counted in the multiset
 * @return ||target,b||, ie the number of occurrences of target in b
 public int getElementCount(char target)
 int numberOfGivenCharacters=0; //set initial value
 //if the HashMap contains the target character then numberOfGivenCharacters is set to the value
 if(characterMap.containsKey(target))
 numberOfGivenCharacters = characterMap.get(target); //set numberOfGivenCharacters to the value assigned to the target character
 return numberOfGivenCharacters; //return the value for the target character
 * Returns a set such that every element in the multiset is in the set (but
 * no duplicates). The cardinality of the returned set must be less than or
 * equal to |b|. The cardinality of the two are equal if and only if b
 * contains no duplicate elements.
 * @return a set of Character, s, such that: 
 * (for all (Character)i in s : (char)i in b) and 
 * (for all (char)i in b : (Character)i in s)
 public Set<Character> getElementSet()
 Set<Character> characterSet = characterMap.keySet(); //create a Set from the keys of characters in the HashMap
 return characterSet; //return the character Set
 * Adds a single element to the multiset. This operation always increases
 * the cardinality of the multiset by 1, assuming that the maximum capacity
 * of Integer.MAX_VALUE has not been reached.
 * @param item
 * the char to be added to b
 * @requires |b| < Integer.MAX_VALUE
 * @alters b
 * @ensures b = #b union {item}
 public void add(char item)
 characterMap = inputIntoMap(item); //call the private method to add new character (item) to the HashMap
 * Removes the target, if it is present in the multiset. The method returns
 * true if and only if it changes the multiset.
 * @param target
 * the char to be removed
 * @alters b
 * @ensures (target not in #b) ==> (b = #b) 
 * (target in #b) ==> (b union {target} = #b)
 * @return target in #b
 public boolean remove(char target)
 boolean answer=false; //set initial value to false
 //if the target character is in the map then remove it
 if(characterMap.containsKey(target))
 int value = characterMap.get(target); //find the value associated with the target character
 //if the value is 1 call remove from the HashMap and remove key and value
 if(value == 1)
 characterMap.remove(target); //remove key and value from the HashMap
 else //value is greater than 1
 value--; //decrease value to show removal
 characterMap.put(target, value); //replace target character with new value back into the HashMap
 answer = true; //set answer to true because the HashMap was changed
 else //target does not exist in the HashMap
 answer = false; //set answer to false because the HashMap was not changed
 return answer; //return answer
 * Returns a char chosen randomly based on the contents of the multiset.
 * This operation does not remove the char from the multiset or change the
 * multiset in any way. In particular, the cardinality of the multiset is
 * the same before and after this method.
 * 
 * Characters should be returned with a random distribution equal to the
 * distribution of characters in the multiset. That is, for a character that
 * appears N times in a multiset of cardinality M, the probability of that
 * character being returned is N / M. For example, a multiset that contains
 * only the character 'a', possibly many times, would always result in an
 * 'a' being generated. On the other hand, a multiset with an equal number
 * of 'a' and 'b' elements would return an 'a' approximately half the time
 * and a 'b' the other half.
 * @requires |b| >= 1
 * @return char c with probability p, where: 
 * p = ||c,b|| / |b|
 public char randomUniformChoose()
 char randomCharacter=' ';
 Random generator = new Random();
 int totalElementsInMap=0;
 Collection<Integer> integerCollection = characterMap.values(); //create a collection for easy iteration
 //iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap.
 //Do this in case a remove call was made
 for(Integer valueFromCollection : integerCollection)
 totalElementsInMap = totalElementsInMap + valueFromCollection; //compute new value of total values
 int randomInt = generator.nextInt(totalElementsInMap+1), lowerValue=0, upperValue=0;
 Collection<Character> keyCollection = characterMap.keySet();
 //iterate through each value in the HashMap and compute the total number of elements in the HashMap
 for(Character keyFromCollection : keyCollection)
 upperValue = upperValue + characterMap.get(keyFromCollection);
 if(randomInt == upperValue)
 randomCharacter = keyFromCollection;
 if(randomInt >= lowerValue && randomInt <= upperValue)
 randomCharacter = keyFromCollection;
 lowerValue = upperValue + 1;
 return randomCharacter; //return the random character pulled out
}The Error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
 at DenseFrequencyLibrary.randomUniformChoose(DenseFrequencyLibrary.java:137)
 at DistributionPlagiarist.randomphrase(DistributionPlagiarist.java:146)
 at DistributionPlagiarist.main(DistributionPlagiarist.java:112)I will attempt to explain what this does in as few words as possible. For a breakdown of the lab go urlhttp://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~paolo/teaching/494MJ/labs/lab8.shtml{url}. If you don't feel like reading that: THe program reads in some command line arguments. From there it reads from the file provided in the command line and creates "keys" from the specified length. From there I need to create a phrase of the specified length. If i am supposed to create more then one then i do. That is pretty much it. I can't figure out where (really why) the NullPointerException error is coming from.
Help is appreciated!!

Post the actual error text (copy and paste, don't "interpret" it) here.
It should include a stack trace which references a line number of the program -
unless you suppressed the trace, in which case change your error handling
so that the trace is produced.
Identify which program line in your post the error is pointing to so that we can match
the error with your program, since your post doesn't have line numbers..
Edited by: ChuckBing on Nov 16, 2007 7:19 PM
Also - posting large amounts of code (as you did) will reduce the chance of anyone helping

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