Executing scripts as root under Linux

I have an application that is running as a normal Linux user. A small portion of the application needs to execute various linux commands that require root access. Currently, I am using sudo to call a script from java that executes these functions.
To improve error handling and error feedback, it is desired to move functionality out of the scripts and into Java. Is there a way in Java to grant specific sections of code root access?

I could be wrong with this, but I think you're trying to do something outside of the JVM that you're running, which in this case won't work. The only real way that I can think of is if you made a very specific program with arguments pertaining exactly to what your program needs, and use Runtime.exec() on another Java program run with the sudo command from within your current project. There might be another way, but this is the only feasable way that I could think of to do this.
In terms of error handling and feedback, how would forcing the program to use multiple users create better error handling and feedback?
edit - I think I dodged your original question without meaning to. The short answer is if you're trying to run portions of your code as one user and portions of the same program as another user, it won't work, period.

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    # font. For instance, if you want to subset helvetica Plain, helvetica Bold,
    # helvetica Italic and helvetica Bold-Italic fonts, your entries must be:
    # [ PDF:Subset ]
    # helvetica..Italic.Bold.. = "Arialbi.ttf"
    # helvetica...Bold.. = "Arialb.ttf"
    # helvetica..Italic... = "Ariali.ttf"
    # helvetica..... = "Arial.ttf"
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    uiprint.txt
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    # The format for entries in this file is:
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    # The first field is the name of the printer. It is the name you give
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    # The second field is the type of driver to be used for the printer.
    # Currently, "PostScript" and "ASCII" are the only types of driver for
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    # or 2 for all PostScript printers; or 1 for ASCII printers.
    # The fourth field is a long description of the printer. This will be
    # presented to the user in the "Choose Printer" dialog window.
    # The fifth field is the printer description file to be used. For
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    # for the printer.
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    # hqdev2_pos:PostScript:1:The fast ScriptPrinter in 1281:dclps321.ppd:
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    # hqunx121:PostScript:1:APO printer in 500OP for NLS QA:ok800lt1.ppd:
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    # tk2bw1ps:PostScript:1:HP printer in 771 for testing PS:hp4mp6_1.ppd:
    # Not A Printer:ASCII:1:Configure your uiprint.txt file:none:
    fontprinter:PostScript:1:printer for fonting fixes:default.ppd:
    datap462.ppd
    *PPD-Adobe: "4.0"
    *% Adobe Systems PostScript(R) Printer Description File
    *% Copyright 1987-1992 Adobe Systems Incorporated.
    *% All Rights Reserved.
    *% Permission is granted for redistribution of this file as
    *% long as this copyright notice is intact and the contents
    *% of the file is not altered in any way from its original form.
    *% End of Copyright statement
    *FormatVersion: "4.0"
    *FileVersion: "3.1"
    *PCFileName: "DATAP462.PPD"
    *LanguageVersion: English
    *Product: "(Dataproducts LZR 2665)"
    *PSVersion: "(46.2) 1"
    *ModelName: "Dataproducts LZR-2665"
    *NickName: "Dataproducts LZR-2665 v46.2"
    *% ==== Options and Constraints =====
    *OpenGroup: InstallableOptions/Options Installed
    OpenUI Option1/Optional Lower Tray: Boolean
    *DefaultOption1: False
    *Option1 True/Installed: ""
    *Option1 False/Not Installed: ""
    CloseUI: Option1
    *CloseGroup: InstallableOptions
    UIConstraints: Option1 False *InputSlot Lower
    *% General Information and Defaults ===============
    *ColorDevice: False
    *DefaultColorSpace: Gray
    *FreeVM: "178744"
    *LanguageLevel: "1"
    *VariablePaperSize: False
    *FileSystem: False
    *Throughput: "26"
    *Password: "0"
    *ExitServer: "
    count 0 eq {  % is the password on the stack?
    true
    dup % potential password
    statusdict /checkpassword get exec not
    } ifelse
    {  %  if no password or not valid
    (WARNING : Cannot perform the exitserver command.) =
    (Password supplied is not valid.) =
    (Please contact the author of this software.) = flush
    quit
    } if
    serverdict /exitserver get exec
    *End
    *Reset: "
    count 0 eq {  % is the password on the stack?
    true
    dup % potential password
    statusdict /checkpassword get exec not
    } ifelse
    {  %  if no password or not valid
    (WARNING : Cannot reset printer.) =
    (Password supplied is not valid.) =
    (Please contact the author of this software.) = flush
    quit
    } if
    serverdict /exitserver get exec
    systemdict /quit get exec
    (WARNING : Printer Reset Failed.) = flush
    *End
    *DefaultResolution: 300dpi
    *?Resolution: "
    save
    initgraphics
    0 0 moveto currentpoint matrix defaultmatrix transform
    0 72 lineto currentpoint matrix defaultmatrix transform
    3 -1 roll sub dup mul
    3 1 roll exch sub dup mul
    add sqrt round cvi
    ( ) cvs print (dpi) = flush
    restore
    *End
    *% Halftone Information ===============
    *ScreenFreq: "50.0"
    *ScreenAngle: "54.0"
    *DefaultScreenProc: Dot
    *ScreenProc Dot: " {dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt 1 exch sub } "
    *ScreenProc Line: "{ pop }"
    *ScreenProc Ellipse: "
    { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add sqrt 1 exch sub }"
    *End
    *DefaultTransfer: Null
    *Transfer Null: "{ }"
    *Transfer Null.Inverse: "{ 1 exch sub }"
    *% Paper Handling ===================
    *% Use these entries to set paper size most of the time, unless there is
    *% specific reason to use PageRegion.
    *OpenUI *PageSize: PickOne
    *OrderDependency: 30 AnySetup *PageSize
    *DefaultPageSize: Letter
    *PageSize Letter: "statusdict /lettertray get exec letterR"
    *PageSize Letter.Transverse: "statusdict /lettertray get exec letter"
    *PageSize Legal: "statusdict /legaltray get exec"
    *PageSize Ledger: "statusdict /ledgertray get exec"
    *PageSize Statement: "statusdict /statementtray get exec"
    *PageSize Tabloid: "statusdict /11x17tray get exec"
    *PageSize A3: "statusdict /a3tray get exec"
    *PageSize A4: "statusdict /a4tray get exec a4R"
    *PageSize A4.Transverse: "statusdict /a4tray get exec a4"
    *PageSize A5: "statusdict /a5tray get exec"
    *PageSize B4: "statusdict /b4tray get exec"
    *PageSize B5: "statusdict /b5tray get exec b5R"
    *PageSize B5.Transverse: "statusdict /b5tray get exec b5"
    *CloseUI: *PageSize
    *% These entries will set up the frame buffer. Usually used with manual feed.
    *OpenUI *PageRegion: PickOne
    *OrderDependency: 40 AnySetup *PageRegion
    *DefaultPageRegion: Letter
    *PageRegion Letter: "letterR"
    *PageRegion Letter.Transverse: "letter"
    *PageRegion Legal: "legal"
    *PageRegion Ledger: "ledger"
    *PageRegion Tabloid: "11x17"
    *PageRegion A3: "a3"
    *PageRegion A4: "a4R"
    *PageRegion A4.Transverse: "a4"
    *PageRegion A5: "a5"
    *PageRegion B4: "b4"
    *PageRegion B5: "b5R"
    *PageRegion B5.Transverse: "b5"
    *PageRegion Statement: "statement"
    *CloseUI: *PageRegion
    *% The following entries provide information about specific paper keywords.
    *DefaultImageableArea: Letter
    *ImageableArea Letter: "20 16 591 775 "
    *ImageableArea Letter.Transverse: "18 19 593 773 "
    *ImageableArea Legal: "18 19 593 990 "
    *ImageableArea Ledger: "18 16 1205 775 "
    *ImageableArea Tabloid: "16 19 775 1206 "
    *ImageableArea A3: "18 21 823 1170 "
    *ImageableArea A4: "18 18 576 823 "
    *ImageableArea A4.Transverse: "18 19 577 823 "
    *ImageableArea A5: "18 19 401 577 "
    *ImageableArea B4: "19 15 709 1017 "
    *ImageableArea B5: "20 19 495 709 "
    *ImageableArea B5.Transverse: "20 19 495 709 "
    *ImageableArea Statement: "22 19 374 594 "
    *?ImageableArea: "
    save
    /cvp {(                ) cvs print ( ) print } bind def
    /upperright {10000 mul floor 10000 div} bind def
    /lowerleft {10000 mul ceiling 10000 div} bind def
    newpath clippath pathbbox
    4 -2 roll exch 2 {lowerleft cvp} repeat
    exch 2 {upperright cvp} repeat flush
    restore
    *End
    *% These provide the physical dimensions of the paper (by keyword)
    *DefaultPaperDimension: Letter
    *PaperDimension Letter: "612 792"
    *PaperDimension Letter.Transverse: "612 792"
    *PaperDimension Legal: "612 1008"
    *PaperDimension Ledger: "1224 792"
    *PaperDimension Tabloid: "792 1224"
    *PaperDimension A3: "842 1191"
    *PaperDimension A4: "595 842"
    *PaperDimension A4.Transverse: "595 842"
    *PaperDimension A5: "420 595"
    *PaperDimension B4: "729 1032"
    *PaperDimension B5: "516 729"
    *PaperDimension B5.Transverse: "516 729"
    *PaperDimension Statement: "396 612"
    *RequiresPageRegion All: True
    *OpenUI *InputSlot: PickOne
    *OrderDependency: 20 AnySetup *InputSlot
    *DefaultInputSlot: Upper
    *InputSlot Upper: "0 statusdict /setpapertray get exec"
    *InputSlot Lower: "1 statusdict /setpapertray get exec"
    *?InputSlot: "
    save
    [ (Upper) (Lower) ] statusdict /papertray get exec
    (get exec) stopped ( pop pop (Unknown)} if = flush
    restore
    *End
    *CloseUI: *InputSlot
    *OpenUI *ManualFeed: Boolean
    *OrderDependency: 20 AnySetup *ManualFeed
    *DefaultManualFeed: False
    *ManualFeed True: "statusdict /manualfeed true put"
    *ManualFeed False: "statusdict /manualfeed false put"
    *?ManualFeed: "
    save
    statusdict /manualfeed get {(True)}{(False)}ifelse = flush
    restore
    *End
    *CloseUI: *ManualFeed
    *DefaultOutputOrder: Reverse
    *% Font Information =====================
    *% This datap462.ppd is provided by fontsolutions.tar
    *DefaultFont: Courier
    *Font ArialMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font Arial-ItalicMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font Arial-BoldMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font Arial-BoldItalicMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font ArialNarrow: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font ArialNarrow-Italic: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font ArialNarrow-Bold: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font ArialNarrow-BoldItalic: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font CourierNewMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font CourierNew-ItalicMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font CourierNew-BoldMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font CourierNew-BoldItalicMT: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font Courier: Standard "(001.004)" Standard ROM
    *Font Courier-Bold: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Courier-BoldOblique: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Courier-Oblique: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Helvetica: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Helvetica-Bold: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Helvetica-BoldOblique: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Helvetica-Oblique: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font IDAutomationSMICR: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Symbol: Special "(001.001)" Special ROM
    *Font Tahoma: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Tahoma-Bold: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Times-Bold: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Times-BoldItalic: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Times-Italic: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font Times-Roman: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font TimesNewRomanMT: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font TimesNewRoman-BoldMT: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font TimesNewRoman-BoldItalicMT: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *Font TimesNewRoman-ItalicMT: Standard "(001.001)" Standard ROM
    *?FontQuery: "
    save
    /str 100 string dup 0 (fonts/) putinterval def
    count 1 gt
    exch dup str 6 94 getinterval cvs
    (/) print print (:) print
    FontDirectory exch known
    {(Yes)}{(No)} ifelse =
    {exit} ifelse
    }bind loop
    (*) = flush
    restore
    *End
    *?FontList: "
    FontDirectory { pop == } bind forall flush
    (*) = flush
    *End
    *% Printer Messages (verbatim from printer):
    *Message: "%%[ exitserver: permanent state may be changed ]%%"
    *Message: "%%[ Flushing: rest of job (to end-of-file) will be ignored ]%%"
    *Message: "\FontName\ not found, using Courier"
    *% Status (format: %%[ status: <one of these> ]%% )
    *Status: "idle"
    *Status: "busy"
    *Status: "waiting"
    *Status: "printing"
    *Status: "warming up"
    *Status: "PrinterError: BD check"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Paper jam"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Replace toner bag"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Warming up"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Timing error"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Fuser check"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Cover opened"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Toner empty"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Empty & reset output bin(s)"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Sorter or jogger error"
    *Status: "PrinterError: Scanner check"
    *% Input Sources (format: %%[ status: <stat>; source: <one of these> ]%% )
    *Source: "serial9"
    *Source: "serial25"
    *Source: "AppleTalk"
    *Source: "Centronics"
    *% Printer Error (format: %%[ PrinterError: <one of these> ]%%)
    *PrinterError: "BD check"
    *PrinterError: "Paper jam"
    *PrinterError: "Replace toner bag"
    *PrinterError: "Warming up"
    *PrinterError: "Timing error"
    *PrinterError: "Fuser check"
    *PrinterError: "Cover opened"
    *PrinterError: "Toner empty"
    *PrinterError: "Empty & reset output bin(s)"
    *PrinterError: "Sorter or jogger error"
    *PrinterError: "Scanner check"
    *%DeviceAdjustMatrix: "[1 0 0 1 0 0]"
    *% Color Separation Information =====================
    *DefaultColorSep: ProcessBlack.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi
    *InkName: ProcessBlack/Process Black
    *InkName: CustomColor/Custom Color
    *InkName: ProcessCyan/Process Cyan
    *InkName: ProcessMagenta/Process Magenta
    *InkName: ProcessYellow/Process Yellow
    *% For 60 lpi / 300 dpi =====================================================
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessBlack.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "45"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle CustomColor.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "45"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessCyan.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "15"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessMagenta.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "75"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessYellow.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "0"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessBlack.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "60"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq CustomColor.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "60"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessCyan.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "60"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessMagenta.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "60"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessYellow.60lpi.300dpi/60 lpi / 300 dpi: "60"
    *% For 53 lpi / 300 dpi =====================================================
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessBlack.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "45.0"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle CustomColor.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "45.0"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessCyan.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "71.5651"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessMagenta.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "18.4349"
    *ColorSepScreenAngle ProcessYellow.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "0.0"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessBlack.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "53.033"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq CustomColor.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "53.033"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessCyan.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "47.4342"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessMagenta.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "47.4342"
    *ColorSepScreenFreq ProcessYellow.53lpi.300dpi/53 lpi / 300 dpi: "50.0"
    *% For "Dataproducts LZR 2665" version 46.2
    *% Produced by "GETapd.ps" version 2.0 edit 47
    *% Converted to meet 4.0 specification
    *% Last Edit Date: Sep 15 1992
    *% The byte count of this file should be exactly 011228 or 011572
    *% depending on the filesystem it resides in.
    *% end of PPD file for Dataproducts LZR 2665

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    Sanaa T.
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    #adMrkt{text-align: center;font-size:11px; font-weight: bold;} #adMrkt a {text-decoration: none;} #adMrkt a:hover{font-size: 9px;} #adMrkt a span{display: none;} #adMrkt a:hover span{display: block;}
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    <ul><li>Simulations do not run (Linux, MacOS X)
         The Eclipse update manager does not set the execute permission bits for the simulations. You need to manually <code>chmod 755</code> those files in ECLIPSE/plugins/com.ibm.bluez.jcop.eclipse_3.1.1.x/simuls/
    </li>
    <li>PC/SC Support (Linux)
         JCOP Tools only works with pcsc-lite 1.2.0.
    </li>
    </ul>
    h2. Frequently Asked Questions
    Please refer to the online FAQ at http://www.zurich.ibm.com/jcop/download/eclipse/faq/.
    h2. Bug Reports
    Please send bug reports to [email protected]. Make sure you include the following:
    <ul><li>Problem description</li>
    <li>Steps to reproduce</li>
    <li>Eclipse version and build number (Help > About)</li>
    <li>JCOP Tools version (Help > About; click on BlueZ icon)</li>
    </ul>
    h2. Using JCOP Tools with Linux (>= 3.2.0)
    h3. ___
    Overview
    The current JCOP Tools release now also offer a version for the popular Linux
    operating system. Both the Windows and Linux verson provide more or less the same
    functionality, and JCOP application development can thus fully succeed on Linux systems.
    Nevertheless, installation of the JCOP Tools differ between Windows and Linux
    where the Linux version does not provide a simple installer as in case of Windows.
    Additionally, the Linux version expects a properly setup Muscle PCSC installation
    as soon as you want to use them together with physical, real cards. As Muscle
    PCSC is still not shipped with most Linux distributions, you must download and
    install them separately from the JCOP Tools.
    h3. ___     
    Contents
    h3. ___
    Software Requirements
    Linux distribution
    The JCOP Tools simulation has been developed on a Fedora Core 6 system, but should also work in case of
    many other recent Linux distributions.
    Java Development Kit
    The JCOP Tools have been developed and tested with the Sun JDK 1.4.2_13-b06
    for Linux. Your success with other Development Kits may vary as there are
    partly subtle differences across the different devlopment kits.
    PCSC
    The JCOP Tools use PCSC to talk with real cards on Linux. Most distributions
    do not ship with Linux PCSC by default (Fedora Core 6 does), you must thus download it fromhttp://www.linuxnet.com
    and install it by yourself. If you are used to software installation under Linux,
    and are not afraid of compiling and installing software packages, this should
    not be a hard problem. You have to download both the base PCSC package
    (including PCSC daemon and client libraries) and separately the driver
    for the reader you want to use. The PCSC package contains a test program
    which should tell you whether your installation is set up correctly and
    communicating with a card works. The JCOP Tools have been reported to
    work together with Muscle PCSC version 1.3.1-7.
    JPCSC
    The JCOP Tools are shipped with JPCSC which you can also download athttp://www.linuxnet.com. JPCSC
    is a JNI library which offers Java applications the access to PC/SC functions
    by mapping their requests to an underlying native PC/SC implementation. The JCOP
    Tools - mostly written in Java - thus depend on JPCSC to communicate with real cards
    on Linux. JPCSC depends on a properly installed and setup PC/SC environment.
    Especially, the JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH should list the directories where the
    PC/SC client libraries and the native JPCSC library libjpcsc.so ( downloadable as binary from
    Windows Binary Download Here )
    are installed, the CLASSPATH variable should list th___
    Miscellaneous
    What should work
    As soon as you setup your system correctly, there should only be minor differences
    between using JCOP Tools on Windows or on Linux. Emulating a real JCOP,
    debugging, shell, cap-file conersion should all be possible as in case of Windows.
    What is missing
    No drivers or tools are currently available for using JCOP30's in contactless
    mode. If you need such support, please contact directly NXP
    at for further assistance.
    Copyright 2001,2007 IBM Corp. All rights reserved.
    Edited by: lexdabear on Sep 28, 2007 4:13 PM (I hate the new edit)

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