External hard drive files suddenly not readable

This keeps happening to my hard drives for no apparent reason.  I use an external drive to backup my macbook pro contents, eventually, I cannot open the files.  I get an error message saying they may be damaged and their preview icon defaults back to the system original.  The file is there, with the same file size but I cannot open them......
This happend with my time machine and 2 external drives.  Disk rescue and similar programs do not work.
Any suggestions?

Hi Barry,
thanks for your answer! The hard disk with my time machine backups on it is the same hard disk I successfully used to migrate my "old" files (from the Leopoard installation) to the new Snow Leopard based system (through the migration process during the installtion). I expected that this time machine backups would be still available and that I could use the same external hard disk to resume the time machine backup on the new system. Hope this was understandable?
But I am still wondering how this could happen while it worked obviously fine during the installation itself.
I understand that I could just reformat but then my old backups would be gone
But probably this is the easiest solution.
Thanks! And: yes! I am from Munich (Germany

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