External HDD is asking to be initialised

Hi All,
I had an external Western Digital 2Tb My Book drive running over USB 2 on my old 17" Mac Book Pro as a Video Archive. My wonderful 2 yr old daughter managed to wrench the cable out of the drive so that the surround of the mini USB port on the back of the drive snapped (the metal surround that you plug in to has come away from the PCB). I bought an external USB 3.0 enclosure and transferred the hard drive into that and plugged it back into my Mac Book pro - When I did the Mac Book said it could not recognise the drive. When I looked in "Disk Utility" the 2Tb drive was there but there was no second drive icon indented in the list against it (Like I used to get when I had viewed it in Disk utility before).
Is it because the enclosure is USB 3? Whilst I am unsure about my MacBook Pro - I know my other computers have USB 3 and I got exactly the same result on those.
I am reasonably certain that all the data is on the drive and intact but I can't view it. I tried the same thing on both my 2012 iMac ( Quad Core i7 running 10.7.5)  and my PC Laptop (i3 running Windows 7 - yes I still have a PC) and they are all asking to initialise the drive. Is there any way to do this without erasing the drive? Or any other suggestions on how to recover the data and get the drive working please ? (preferably without having to copy 1.8Gb of data to another drive)
Any help you could offer would be greatly appreciated.
Many thanks in advance.
Cyrus

Tried following the instructions from Gnomish8 and got the following:
[Cyrus-Hodivalas-Mac-6:~] cyrushodivala% diskutil list
/dev/disk0
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *2.0 TB     disk0
   1:                        EFI                         209.7 MB   disk0s1
   2:                  Apple_HFS Macintosh HD            2.0 TB     disk0s2
   3:                 Apple_Boot Recovery HD             650.0 MB   disk0s3
/dev/disk1
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     Apple_partition_scheme                        *16.6 GB    disk1
   1:        Apple_partition_map                         32.3 KB    disk1s1
   2:                  Apple_HFS Disk Image              16.6 GB    disk1s2
/dev/disk2
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:                                                   *2.0 TB     disk2
[Cyrus-Hodivalas-Mac-6:~] cyrushodivala% fsck -fpy /dev/IDENTIFIER
fsck usage: fsck [-fdnypq] [-l number]
[Cyrus-Hodivalas-Mac-6:~] cyrushodivala% sudo fsck -fpy /dev/IDENTIFIER
WARNING: Improper use of the sudo command could lead to data loss
or the deletion of important system files. Please double-check your
typing when using sudo. Type "man sudo" for more information.
To proceed, enter your password, or type Ctrl-C to abort.
Password:
I think its the 2Tb disk at the end of the list that is the problem - Should I enter my password?

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